Successful treatment of chronic relapsing urinary tract infection with bacteriophages in a renal transplant recipient - a Dutch case report.

We report a case of a 58-year old renal transplant patient who developed recurrent urinary tract infection with an ESBL-positive Klebsiella pneumoniae strain in the first month post-transplant. Even though carbapenems tested susceptible and despite repeated meropenem treatment, his infection recurred. The infection eventually evolved into epididymitis that was successfully treated with meropenem and bacteriophages. This case demonstrates the difficulty of treating relapsing ESBL-positive Gram-negative infections in renal transplant patients.