Sensitivity-kernel-based tomographic migration velocity analysis using reverse time migration angle-image gathers

ABSTRACTSensitivity-kernel-based tomographic migration velocity analysis (TMVA) provides a means to better update the migration velocity model in complex media. For actual seismic data with finite-frequency bandwidth, migration velocity updated from wave-equation-based tomography is more suitable and robust than ray-based tomography for images obtained from reverse time migration (RTM). Depth residuals in the RTM-extracted angle-image gathers offer a reliable source of velocity information. We have developed cost-effective means of calculating the angle-domain sensitivity kernel and incorporated it into the TMVA approach using RTM angle-image gathers. The angle-domain sensitivity kernels are used to convert the depth residuals from RTM angle-image gathers into velocity perturbations, which were then used to refine the velocity model. We derived an approximate analytical residual moveout function for measuring depth residuals of the RTM angle-image gather in isotropic media and also devised a workflow for ...

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