Arteriovenous Fistula After Injury of the Left Internal Mammary Artery During Extraction of Pacemaker Leads with a Laser Sheath

The left internal mammary artery was severed and an arteriovenous fistula created during extraction of pacemaker leads with a laser sheath.

[1]  F. Bracke,et al.  Learning Curve Characteristics of Pacing Lead Extraction with a Laser Sheath , 1998, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.

[2]  C. Kennergren First European Experience Using Excimer Laser for the Extraction of Permanent Pacemaker Leads , 1998, Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE.