A formal semantics for sql

For well known reasons, it is very desirable and sometimes imperative to give formal description of the semantics of a language. This paper presents a formal semantics of a subset of the SQL language, using the Vienna Development Method. We consider most of the query language defined in the SQL standard and give its denotational semantics using “standard” VDM. Although not authoritative, the paper indicates that the full semantics for SQL would be a relatively simple exercise.