A machine learning approach to two-voice counterpoint composition

Algorithmic composition of musical pieces is one of the most popular areas of computer aided music research. Various attempts have been made successfully in the area of music composition. Artificial intelligence methods have been extensively applied in this area. Representation of musical pieces in a computer-understandable form plays an important role in computer aided music research. This paper presents a neural network-based knowledge representation schema for representing notes, melodies, and time in first species counterpoint pieces. A musical note is composed of pitch and duration in this representation schema. The proposed representation technique was tested using the back-propagation algorithm to generate two-voice counterpoint pieces.

[1]  Wolfram Menzel,et al.  HARMONET: A Neural Net for Harmonizing Chorales in the Style of J. S. Bach , 1991, NIPS.

[2]  D. Randel,et al.  The New Harvard Dictionary of Music , 1988 .

[3]  Peter M. Todd,et al.  Pitch, Harmony, and Neural Nets: A Psychological Perspective , 2003 .

[4]  Donald Jay Grout,et al.  Recordings for A history of Western music, fourth edition, by Donald Jay Grout and Claude V. Palisca and Norton anthology of Western music, second edition, edited by Claude V. Palisca , 1988 .

[5]  John K. Debenham Knowledge Engineering , 1998, Encyclopedia of Social Network Analysis and Mining.

[6]  Wolfram Menzel,et al.  Learning musical structure and style with neural networks , 1998 .

[7]  Peter M. Todd,et al.  Connectionist Music Composition Based on Melodic, Stylistic, and Psychophysical Constraints , 2003 .

[8]  David Cope,et al.  Computers and Musical Style , 1993 .

[9]  Michael C Mozer,et al.  Connectionist Music Composition Based on Melodic, Stylistic, and Psychophysical Constraints ; CU-CS-495-90 , 1990 .

[10]  Peter M. Todd,et al.  A Connectionist Approach To Algorithmic Composition , 1989 .

[11]  Hojjat Adeli Knowledge Engineering Vol I: Fundamentals , 1990 .

[12]  C. Palisca,et al.  A History of Western Music , 1960 .

[13]  Peter Norvig,et al.  Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach , 1995 .

[14]  David Cope,et al.  The Algorithmic Composer , 2000 .

[15]  David Cope,et al.  Experiments In Musical Intelligence , 1996 .

[16]  Mira Balaban,et al.  Understanding music with AI: perspectives on music cognition , 1992 .