Growth and (137)Cs uptake of four Brassica species influenced by inoculation with a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Bacillus pumilus in three contaminated farmlands in Fukushima prefecture, Japan.

The effectiveness of the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Bacillus pumilus regarding growth promotion and radiocesium ((137)Cs) uptake was evaluated in four Brassica species grown on different (137)Cs contaminated farmlands at Fukushima prefecture in Japan from June to August 2012. B. pumilus inoculation did not enhance growth in any of the plants, although it resulted in a significant increase of (137)Cs concentration and higher (137)Cs transfer from the soil to plants. The Brassica species exhibited different (137)Cs uptake abilities in the order Komatsuna>turnip>mustard>radish. TF values of (137)Cs ranged from 0.018 to 0.069 for all vegetables. Komatsuna possessed the largest root surface area and root volume, and showed a higher (137)Cs concentration in plant tissue and higher (137)Cs TF values (0.060) than the other vegetables. Higher (137)Cs transfer to plants was prominent in soil with a high amount of organic matter and an Al-vermiculite clay mineral type.

[1]  U. A. Naher,et al.  Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on hydrolytic enzyme production, root colonisation, N metabolism, leaf physiology and growth of rice inoculated with Bacillus sp. (Sb42). , 2012 .

[2]  D. Oughton,et al.  A study on radionuclide association with soil components using a sequential extraction procedure , 1990 .

[3]  E. Smolders,et al.  Fate of radiocaesium in soil and rhizosphere , 2001 .

[4]  P. Coughtrey,et al.  Radionuclide distribution and transport in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. A critical review of data. Volume 1. , 1983 .

[5]  J. Nowak,et al.  Managing Soil Microorganisms to Improve Productivity of Agro-Ecosystems , 2004 .

[6]  E. Rosskopf,et al.  Field evaluation of plant growth-promoting Rhizobacteria amended transplant mixes and soil solarization for tomato and pepper production in Florida , 2004, Plant and Soil.

[7]  M. Vidal,et al.  Prediction of Cesium-134 and Strontium-85 Crop Uptake Based on Soil Properties , 1997 .

[8]  N. Dashti,et al.  Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria and Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) Nodulation and Nitrogen Fixation at Suboptimal Root Zone Temperatures , 1996 .

[9]  T. Matsunaga,et al.  Retention of potentially mobile radiocesium in forest surface soils affected by the Fukushima nuclear accident , 2012, Scientific Reports.

[10]  J. Germida,et al.  Phosphate-solubilizing rhizobacteria enhance the growth and yield but not phosphorus uptake of canola (Brassica napus L.) , 1997, Biology and Fertility of Soils.

[11]  A. Maes,et al.  Quantitative analysis of radiocaesium retention in soils , 1988, Nature.

[12]  M. Vidal,et al.  An overview of the effect of organic matter on soil-radiocaesium interaction: implications in root uptake. , 2002, Journal of environmental radioactivity.

[13]  G. Voigt,et al.  Radiocaesium soil-to-plant transfer in tropical environments. , 2004, Journal of environmental radioactivity.

[14]  M. Horník,et al.  137Cs Uptake and Translocation in Leafy Vegetable: a Study with Lactuca Sativa L. Grown Under Hydroponic Conditions , 2012 .

[15]  B. Lugtenberg,et al.  Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria. , 2009, Annual review of microbiology.

[16]  A. S. Mollah,et al.  Generic values for soil-to-plant transfer factors of radiocesium. , 2002, Journal of environmental radioactivity.

[17]  Erik Smolders,et al.  The transfer of radiocesium from soil to plants: Mechanisms, data, and perspectives for potential countermeasures in Japan , 2011, Integrated environmental assessment and management.

[18]  C. Palmer,et al.  Cesium desorption from illite as affected by exudates from rhizosphere bacteria. , 2005, Environmental science & technology.

[19]  C. Conti,et al.  The effect of organic amendment on potential mobility and bioavailability of 137Cs and 60Co in tropical soils. , 2008, Journal of environmental radioactivity.

[20]  C. Schollenberger,et al.  DETERMINATION OF EXCHANGE CAPACITY AND EXCHANGEABLE BASES IN SOIL—AMMONIUM ACETATE METHOD , 1945 .

[21]  C. Pérez,et al.  A rapid wet digestion method for plant analysis , 1993 .

[22]  J. Alberts,et al.  Reversible ion-exchange fixation of cesium-137 leading to mobilization from reservoir sediments , 1983 .

[23]  L. D. Whittig,et al.  X-Ray Diffraction Techniques , 2018, SSSA Book Series.

[24]  N. Willey,et al.  A comparison of stable caesium uptake by six grass species of contrasting growth strategy. , 1997, Environmental pollution.

[25]  P. Hazelton,et al.  Interpreting Soil Test Results: What Do All the Numbers Mean? , 2017 .

[26]  P. J. Davies.  The Plant Hormones: Their Nature, Occurrence, and Functions , 1987 .

[27]  Zhengguo Song,et al.  Growth and cesium uptake responses of Phytolacca americana Linn. and Amaranthus cruentus L. grown on cesium contaminated soil to elevated CO2 or inoculation with a plant growth promoting rhizobacterium Burkholderia sp. D54, or in combination. , 2011, Journal of hazardous materials.

[28]  Jing Chen,et al.  New advances in plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria for bioremediation. , 2007, Environment international.

[29]  K. Rosén.  Effects of potassium fertilization on cesium transfer to grass, barley and vegetables after Chernobyl , 1991 .

[30]  D. F. Cox,et al.  Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research. , 1984 .

[31]  G. Gee,et al.  Particle-size Analysis , 2018, SSSA Book Series.

[32]  Carlos Garbisu,et al.  Basic concepts on heavy metal soil bioremediation , 2003 .

[33]  L. Watrud,et al.  Phytoremediation of soil contaminated with low concentrations of radionuclides , 1996, Water, Air, and Soil Pollution.

[34]  C. Plassard,et al.  An overview of BORIS: Bioavailability of Radionuclides in Soils. , 2008, Journal of environmental radioactivity.

[35]  J. Entry,et al.  90Sr uptake by Pinus ponderosa and Pinus radiata seedlings inoculated with ectomycorrhizal fungi. , 1994, Environmental pollution.

[36]  B. A. Dodd,et al.  High Plant Uptake of Radiocesium from Organic Soils Due to Cs Mobility and Low Soil K Content , 1999 .

[37]  M. Broadley,et al.  Differences in root uptake of radiocaesium by 30 plant taxa. , 1997, Environmental pollution.

[38]  S. Staunton,et al.  Cs adsorption on the clay-sized fraction of various soils: effect of organic matter destruction and charge compensating cation , 1999 .

[39]  Y. Muramatsu,et al.  Transfer of some selected radionuclides (Cs, Sr, Mn, Co, Zn and Ce) from soil to root vegetables , 1999 .

[40]  E. Smolders,et al.  Genotypic effects in phytoavailability of radiocaesium are pronounced at low K intensities in soil , 2004, Plant and Soil.

[41]  K. Johanson,et al.  Accumulation of 137Cs by fungal mycelium in forest ecosystems of Ukraine. , 2003, Journal of environmental radioactivity.

[42]  R. Woodman,et al.  Soil-to-plant transfer factors for radiocesium and radiostrontium in agricultural systems. , 2000, Health physics.

[43]  A. Mårtensson,et al.  Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on 137Cs uptake by plants grown on different soils. , 2013, Journal of environmental radioactivity.

[44]  J. Vessey.  Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria as biofertilizers , 2003, Plant and Soil.

[45]  G. G. Pohlman.  Soil Science Society of America , 1940 .

[46]  S. Ercişli,et al.  Effects of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on yield, growth and nutrient contents in organically growing raspberry , 2006 .

[47]  E. Smolders,et al.  Plant uptake of radiocaesium: a review of mechanisms, regulation and application. , 2000, Journal of experimental botany.

[48]  A. F. Nisbet,et al.  Predicting soil to plant transfer of radiocesium using soil characteristics , 1999 .

[49]  R. M. Cornell.  Adsorption of cesium on minerals: A review , 1993 .

[50]  W. Wenzel.  Rhizosphere processes and management in plant-assisted bioremediation (phytoremediation) of soils , 2009, Plant and Soil.

[51]  Roel Merckx,et al.  Concentrations of 137Cs and K in Soil Solution Predict the Plant Availability of 137Cs in Soils , 1997 .

[52]  Muhammad Arshad,et al.  Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria: Applications and Perspectives In Agriculture , 2003 .