Gyro‐Landau fluid models for toroidal geometry

Gyro‐Landau fluid model equations provide first‐order time advancement for a limited number of moments of the gyrokinetic equation, while approximately preserving the effects of the gyroradius averaging and Landau damping. This paper extends the work of Hammett and Perkins [Phys. Rev. Lett. 64, 3019 (1990)] for electrostatic motion parallel to the magnetic field and E×B motion to include the gyroaveraging linearly and the curvature drift motion. The equations are tested by comparing the ion‐temperature‐gradient mode linear growth rates for the model equations with those of the exact gyrokinetic theory over a full range of parameters.

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