A model of market entry in an emerging technology market

The timing of market entry is a critical decision, involving the need to balance the risk of premature entry with the problems of missed opportunities as a result of late entry. Drawing from several theoretical perspectives, we propose a model for explaining the reasons for early or delayed entry into an emerging technology market. A novel feature of our study is the use of a hazard modeling framework to analyze longitudinal data pertaining to over 3500 entrants and nonentrants during the emergence of the automated teller machine market. This approach alleviates the sample selection problems associated with prior entry research. With caution in generalizing the results to other settings, we find compelling evidence in support of the model, extending our knowledge of the dynamics surrounding entry into certain technology markets.

[1]  Paul D. Allison,et al.  Event History Analysis : Regression for Longitudinal Event Data , 1984 .

[2]  R. M. Hall,et al.  A framework linking intangible resources and capabilities to sustainable competitive advantage , 1993 .

[3]  D. Spar,et al.  Ruling the Net , 1996 .

[4]  J. R. Moore,et al.  The theory of the growth of the firm twenty-five years after , 1960 .

[5]  Patrick R. A. Kirkman,et al.  Electronic Funds Transfer Systems: The Revolution in Cashless Banking and Payment Methods , 1987 .

[6]  P. A. Geroski,et al.  Entry and industry evolution: the UK car industry, 1958—83 , 1991 .

[7]  L. Vogel,et al.  Strategy and Structure , 1986 .

[8]  M. Hannan,et al.  The Population Ecology of Organizations , 1977, American Journal of Sociology.

[9]  Charles W. Hofer,et al.  Strategy formulation : analytical concepts , 1978 .

[10]  J. Schumpeter,et al.  Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy , 1943 .

[11]  M. Tushman,et al.  Technological Discontinuities and Organizational Environments , 1986 .

[12]  J. Barney,et al.  The resource-based view of the firm: Ten years after 1991 , 2001 .

[13]  Charles H. Noble,et al.  THE PERFORMANCE CONSEQUENCES OF SUBFIELD ENTRY , 1997 .

[14]  Gianmario Verona A Resource-Based View of Product Development , 1999 .

[15]  B. Wernerfelt,et al.  A Resource-Based View of the Firm , 1984 .

[16]  Steven T. Walsh,et al.  Differentiating market strategies for disruptive technologies , 2002, IEEE Trans. Engineering Management.

[17]  G. Lilien,et al.  The timing of competitive market entry: an exploratory study of new industrial products , 1990 .

[18]  C. Fornell,et al.  Sources of Market Pioneer Advantages in Consumer Goods Industries , 1985 .

[19]  C. Marlene Fiol,et al.  Managing Culture as a Competitive Resource: An Identity-Based View of Sustainable Competitive Advantage , 1991 .

[20]  Michael J. Moore,et al.  Pioneering and Market Share: Is Entry Time Endogenous and does it Matter? , 1991 .

[21]  Charles O. Hardy,et al.  Schumpeter on Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy , 1945, Journal of Political Economy.

[22]  J. Barney Strategic Factor Markets: Expectations, Luck, and Business Strategy , 1986 .

[23]  James J. Chrisman,et al.  Order of market entry, competitive strategy, and financial performance , 1995 .

[24]  D. Newbery,et al.  Preemptive Patenting and the Persistence of Monopoly , 1982 .

[25]  K. Arrow Economic Welfare and the Allocation of Resources for Invention , 1962 .

[26]  A. Lemelin,et al.  Relatedness in the Patterns of Interindustry Diversification , 1982 .

[27]  G. Kalyanaram,et al.  Dynamic Effects of the Order of Entry on Market Share, Trial Penetration, and Repeat Purchases for Frequently Purchased Consumer Goods , 1992 .

[28]  Geerten J.I. Schrama Book review: Information Technology in European Services Towards a Microelectronic Future / by John Child and Lay Loveridge. - Oxford : Basil Blackwell, 1990 , 1993 .

[29]  R. Rumelt Towards a Strategic Theory of the Firm , 1984 .

[30]  Hiroyuki Itami Mobilizing invisible assets , 1987 .

[31]  Thomas D. Steiner,et al.  Technology in Banking: Creating Value and Destroying Profits , 1990 .

[32]  J. Hulland,et al.  Redeployment of Brands, Sales Forces, and General Marketing Management Expertise following Horizontal Acquisitions: A Resource-Based View , 1999 .

[33]  Karel Cool,et al.  Asset stock accumulation and sustainability of competitive advantage , 1989 .

[34]  R. Prentice,et al.  Regression analysis of grouped survival data with application to breast cancer data. , 1978, Biometrics.

[35]  Heather A. Haveman Follow the leader: Mimetic isomorphism and entry into new markets , 1993 .

[36]  John Child,et al.  Information Technology in European Services: Towards a Microelectronic Future , 1991 .

[37]  Garth Saloner,et al.  Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with Funding from Adoption of Technologies Uith Network Effects: an Empirical Examination of the Adoption of Automated Teller Machines , 2022 .

[38]  S. Winter,et al.  An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change.by Richard R. Nelson; Sidney G. Winter , 1987 .

[39]  Jan van den Ende,et al.  The organization of innovation and market dynamics: managing increasing returns in software firms , 2003, IEEE Trans. Engineering Management.

[40]  S. Gosh Making business sense of the Internet , 1999 .

[41]  M. Lambkin Order of entry and performance in new markets , 1988 .

[42]  William T. Robinson,et al.  Are market pioneers intrinsically stronger than later entrants , 1992 .

[43]  T. C. Powell Organizational alignment as competitive advantage , 1992 .

[44]  R. Caves Industrial Organization, Corporate Strategy and Structure , 1980 .

[45]  Robert A. Peterson,et al.  First-Mover Advantage: A Synthesis, Conceptual Framework, and Research Propositions , 1992 .

[46]  A. Swaminathan ENTRY INTO NEW MARKET SEGMENTS IN MATURE INDUSTRIES: ENDOGENOUS AND EXOGENOUS SEGMENTATION IN THE U.S. BREWING INDUSTRY , 1998 .

[47]  Richard E. Caves,et al.  Identifying mobility barriers , 1992 .

[48]  Shaomin Li,et al.  The Impact of Order and Mode of Market Entry on Profitability and Market Share , 1999 .

[49]  L. Gary,et al.  ABELL F. Dereck, Defining The Business. The Starting Point of Strategic Planning . USA, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1980. , 1996 .

[50]  Roland E. Brandel,et al.  The law of electronic fund transfer systems , 1980 .

[51]  K. R. Conner A Historical Comparison of Resource-Based Theory and Five Schools of Thought Within Industrial Organization Economics: Do We Have a New Theory of the Firm? , 1991 .

[52]  Shanthi Gopalakrishnan,et al.  A multilevel analysis of factors influencing the adoption of Internet Banking , 2003, IEEE Trans. Engineering Management.

[53]  R. Schmalensee Product Differentiation Advantages of Pioneering Brands , 1980 .

[54]  G. Day,et al.  Evolutionary Processes in Competitive Markets: Beyond the Product Life Cycle , 1989 .

[55]  Joseph T. Mahoney,et al.  The resource-based view within the conversation of strategic management , 1992 .

[56]  D.,et al.  Regression Models and Life-Tables , 2022 .

[57]  W. Mitchell Whether and When? Probability and Timing of Incumbents' Entry into Emerging Industrial Subfields , 1989 .

[58]  Cynthia A. Montgomery,et al.  Diversified expansion by large established firms , 1991 .

[59]  Warren Boeker,et al.  Strategic Change: The Effects Of Founding And History , 1989 .

[60]  Bruce D. Meyer Unemployment Insurance and Unemployment Spells , 1988 .

[61]  D. Fraser,et al.  BANK ENTRY AND BANK PERFORMANCE , 1972 .

[62]  G. Kalyanaram,et al.  Order of Market Entry: Established Empirical Generalizations, Emerging Empirical Generalizations, and Future Research , 1995 .

[63]  D. B. Montgomery,et al.  First‐mover advantages , 1988 .

[64]  D. Abell,et al.  Defining the Business: The Starting Point of Strategic Planning , 1980 .

[65]  David C. Schmittlein,et al.  Analyzing Duration Times in Marketing: Evidence for the Effectiveness of Hazard Rate Models , 1993 .

[66]  R. Grant The Resource-Based Theory of Competitive Advantage: Implications for Strategy Formulation , 1991 .

[67]  John Roberts,et al.  Uncertain Imitability : An Analysis of Interfirm Differences in Efficiency under Competition , 2007 .

[68]  H. Ansoff Corporate strategy : an analytic approach to business policy for growth and expansion , 1965 .

[69]  Jonathan D. Linton,et al.  Forecasting the market diffusion of disruptive and discontinuous innovation , 2002, IEEE Trans. Engineering Management.

[70]  W. Mitchell Dual clocks: Entry order influences on incumbent and newcomer market share and survival when specialized assets retain their value , 1991 .

[71]  Moshe Farjoun Beyond Industry Boundaries: Human Expertise, Diversification and Resource-Related Industry Groups , 1994 .

[72]  R. Thompson,et al.  Entry and Market Characteristics: A Logit Study of Newspaper Launching in the Republic of Ireland , 1986 .

[73]  Paul Geroski,et al.  Market dynamics and entry , 1991 .

[74]  Birger Wernerfelt,et al.  The link between resources and type of diversification: Theory and evidence , 1991 .