Investigation of PBDEs in Landfill Leachates from Across Canada

Leachates from 27 landfills (e.g. planned disposal area) across southern Canada and 11 dump sites (e.g. unorganized disposal area) in the Canadian North were collected (2006) and analysed (2006-2008) for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). There was wide variability in the results, both in terms of the total PBDE concentrations and in the distribution of congeners. Northern sites tended to have lower concentrations than southern ones, but some northern levels were significant, despite the low population density and lack of industry in the north. The North could potentially act as a sink for PBDE contaminants because many organic compounds get deposited via air or water currents in the North even though they were not manufactured there.

[1]  Heather M Stapleton,et al.  Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in house dust and clothes dryer lint. , 2005, Environmental science & technology.

[2]  L. Looper,et al.  Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants , 2020, Essential Concepts of Global Environmental Governance.

[3]  Tong Zhu,et al.  State of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in China: an overview. , 2012, Chemosphere.

[4]  Tomohiro Tasaki,et al.  Substance flow analysis of brominated flame retardants and related compounds in waste TV sets in Japan. , 2004, Waste management.

[5]  Bette Hileman.  ELECTRONIC WASTE: States strive to solve burgeoning disposal problem as more waste ends up in developing countries , 2006 .

[6]  Xiao-Jun Luo,et al.  Brominated flame retardants in the atmosphere of E-waste and rural sites in southern China: seasonal variation, temperature dependence, and gas-particle partitioning. , 2011, Environmental science & technology.

[7]  M. Ikonomou,et al.  Occurrence and congener profiles of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in environmental samples from coastal British Columbia, Canada. , 2002, Chemosphere.

[8]  Monica Danon-schaffer.  Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in landfills from electronic waste , 2010 .

[9]  Paul D. Jones,et al.  Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) , 2005 .

[10]  Jacob de Boer,et al.  Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in influents, suspended particulate matter, sediments, sewage treatment plant and effluents and biota from the Netherlands. , 2003, Environmental pollution.

[11]  J. Grace,et al.  Occurrence of PFCs and PBDEs in Landfill Leachates from Across Canada , 2012, Water, Air, & Soil Pollution.

[12]  J. Rintala,et al.  Internal leachate quality in a municipal solid waste landfill: vertical, horizontal and temporal variation and impacts of leachate recirculation. , 2008, Journal of hazardous materials.

[13]  Gregory Giuliani,et al.  E-waste, the hidden side of IT equipment's manufacturing and use , 2005 .

[14]  T. Meyer,et al.  Deposition of brominated flame retardants to the Devon Ice Cap, Nunavut, Canada. , 2012, Environmental science & technology.

[15]  D. J. V. Campbell,et al.  Environmental Management of Landfill Sites , 1993 .

[16]  Jonathan O Okonkwo,et al.  Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in leachates from selected landfill sites in South Africa. , 2009, Waste management.

[17]  G. Marsh,et al.  Photochemical decomposition of 15 polybrominated diphenyl ether congeners in methanol/water. , 2004, Environmental science & technology.

[18]  Sierra Rayne,et al.  Exponential increases of the brominated flame retardants, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, in the Canadian Arctic from 1981 to 2000. , 2002, Environmental science & technology.

[19]  Kevin C Jones,et al.  Understanding levels and trends of BDE-47 in the UK and North America: an assessment of principal reservoirs and source inputs. , 2003, Environment international.

[20]  Ronald A Hites,et al.  Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the environment and in people: a meta-analysis of concentrations. , 2004, Environmental science & technology.

[21]  Sierra Rayne,et al.  Rapidly increasing polybrominated diphenyl ether concentrations in the Columbia River system from 1992 to 2000. , 2003, Environmental science & technology.

[22]  M. Ikonomou,et al.  Reconstructing source polybrominated diphenyl ether congener patterns from semipermeable membrane devices in the Fraser River, British Columbia, Canada: Comparison to commercial mixtures , 2002, Environmental toxicology and chemistry.

[23]  Andrew G. Dickson,et al.  Protocols for the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) Core Measurements , 1996 .

[24]  Christian Junestedt,et al.  Chemical characterization of landfill leachates--400 parameters and compounds. , 2008, Waste management.

[25]  Morton A. Barlaz,et al.  Life-cycle inventory of a modern municipal solid waste landfill , 1999 .

[26]  Andrés Mahecha-Botero,et al.  Transfer of PBDEs from e-waste to aqueous media. , 2013, The Science of the total environment.

[27]  G Matejka,et al.  Indicating the parameters of the state of degradation of municipal solid waste. , 2006, Journal of hazardous materials.

[28]  Martin Scheringer,et al.  The State of Multimedia Mass-Balance Modeling in Environmental science and decision-making. , 2010, Environmental science & technology.

[29]  Stockholm Convention,et al.  Proposal to list decabromodiphenyl ether (commercial mixture, c-decaBDE) in Annexes A, B and/or C to the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants , 2013 .

[30]  Shin-ichi Sakai,et al.  Leaching of brominated flame retardants in leachate from landfills in Japan. , 2004, Chemosphere.

[31]  E. Zeng,et al.  Law enforcement and global collaboration are the keys to containing e-waste tsunami in China. , 2009, Environmental science & technology.

[32]  M. Wong,et al.  Export of toxic chemicals - a review of the case of uncontrolled electronic-waste recycling. , 2007, Environmental pollution.

[33]  Tomohiko Isobe,et al.  Brominated flame retardants and polychlorinated biphenyls in human breast milk from several locations in India: potential contaminant sources in a municipal dumping site. , 2012, Environment international.

[34]  S. Morris,et al.  Polybrominated diphenylethers in sediments and biota downstream of potential sources in the UK , 1999 .

[35]  Ravi Naidu,et al.  Metals and polybrominated diphenyl ethers leaching from electronic waste in simulated landfills. , 2013, Journal of hazardous materials.

[36]  Mats Tysklind,et al.  Photolytic debromination of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 209). , 2004, Environmental science & technology.

[37]  Andrés Mahecha-Botero,et al.  Mass balance evaluation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in landfill leachate and potential for transfer from e-waste. , 2013, The Science of the total environment.