Electrochemical detection of toxic ractopamine and salbutamol in pig meat and human urine samples by using poly taurine/zirconia nanoparticles modified electrodes.

Detection of ractopamine and salbutamol has been developed by employing the facile synthesis of poly taurine/zirconia nanoparticles (ZrO2) modified film glassy carbon electrode. The poly taurine/ZrO2 nanoparticles were directly utilized for the detection of ractopamine and salbutamol using linear sweep voltammetry (LSV). The modified electrode successfully shows the oxidation peak for ractopamine adsorption at 0.65V and salbutamol at 0.71V, which is purely based on the detection of adsorption signals of ractopamine and salbutamol, at the electrode surface. Furthermore, the electrochemical measurements and surface morphology were studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The modified electrode successfully detects the oxidation signals of ractopamine in the linear range of 1-28μM and salbutamol in the linear range of 5-220μM in laboratory samples. The proposed film also successfully detects the ractopamine signal (1-26μM) in pig meat samples and salbutamol signal (1-114μM) in human urine samples. It also exhibits two well-separated anodic oxidation peaks for uric acid and salbutamol in salbutamol-spiked human urine samples.

[1]  J. F. Martínez-Navarro,et al.  Food poisoning related to consumption of illicit β-agonist in liver , 1990, The Lancet.

[2]  Pizzariello Andrea,et al.  A solid binding matrix/molecularly imprinted polymer-based sensor system for the determination of clenbuterol in bovine liver using differential-pulse voltammetry , 2001 .

[3]  K. Jaruwongrungsee,et al.  Flow injection based microfluidic device with carbon nanotube electrode for rapid salbutamol detection. , 2009, Talanta.

[4]  Yahong Liu,et al.  Determination of ractopamine and clenbuterol in feeds by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry , 2007 .

[5]  G A Mitchell,et al.  Illegal use of beta-adrenergic agonists in the United States. , 1998, Journal of animal science.

[6]  Guodong Liu,et al.  Electrochemical sensor for organophosphate pesticides and nerve agents using zirconia nanoparticles as selective sorbents. , 2005, Analytical chemistry.

[7]  H. Aboul‐Enein,et al.  Comparative analytical quantitation of clenbuterol in biological matrices using GC-MS and EIA. , 2000, Biomedical chromatography : BMC.

[8]  Zhu Xiaoyong,et al.  The Determination of Salbutamol Sulfat Based on a Flow‐Injection Coupling Irreversible Biamperometry at Poly(aminosulfonic acid)‐Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode , 2007 .

[9]  R. Stadler,et al.  Quantitative analysis of clenbuterol in meat products using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry. , 1999, Journal of chromatography. B, Biomedical sciences and applications.

[10]  Pingli He,et al.  Electrochemical behavior of β2-agonists at graphite nanosheet modified electrodes , 2010 .

[11]  R. Compton,et al.  The use of nanoparticles in electroanalysis: a review , 2006, Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry.

[12]  R J Huxtable,et al.  Physiological actions of taurine. , 1992, Physiological reviews.

[13]  M. Izumi,et al.  Enhanced flux pinning of air-processed Gd123 by doping ZrO2 nanoparticles , 2007 .

[14]  Helmut K. Schmidt,et al.  Preparation of optical axial GRIN components through migration of charged amorphous ZrO2 nanoparticles inside an organic–inorganic hybrid matrix by electrophoresis , 2007 .

[15]  K. Hellenäs,et al.  Immunobiosensor determination of β‐agonists in urine using integrated immunofiltration clean‐up , 2004 .

[16]  Li Wang,et al.  A novel hydrogen peroxide sensor based on Ag nanoparticles electrodeposited on DNA-networks modified glassy carbon electrode , 2008 .

[17]  Qin Xu,et al.  Trace determination of clenbuterol with an MWCNT-Nafion nanocomposite modified electrode , 2008 .

[18]  Shen-Ming Chen,et al.  Simultaneous determination for toxic ractopamine and salbutamol in pork sample using hybrid carbon nanotubes , 2013 .

[19]  K. Ensing,et al.  Determination of clenbuterol in bovine liver by combining matrix solid-phase dispersion and molecular imprinted solid-phase extraction followed by liquid chromatography/electrospray ion trap multiple-stage mass spectrometry. , 2001, Analytical chemistry.

[20]  R. Goyal,et al.  Effect of graphite and metallic impurities of C60 fullerene on determination of salbutamol in biological fluids. , 2008, Talanta.