The State-of-the-Science on Somatosensory Function and Its Impact on Daily Life in Adults and Older Adults, and Following Stroke

The aim was to identify and synthesize research evidence about how adults and older adults process somatosensory information in daily activities, and the interventions available to regain somatosensory function following stroke. We developed two interacting concept maps to address the research questions. The scoping review was conducted from 2005 to 2015 across Web of Science, AMED, CINAHL, Embase, Medline, and PsychInfo databases. Search terms included somatosensory, perception, performance, participation, older adult, stroke, intervention, discrimination, learning, and neuroplasticity. Contributions from 103 articles for Concept 1 and 14 articles for Concept 2 are reported. Measures of somatosensory processing, performance, and participation used are identified. Interventions available to treat somatosensory loss are summarized in relation to approach, outcome measures, and theory/mechanisms underlying. A gap exists in the current understanding of how somatosensory function affects the daily lives of adults. A multidisciplinary approach that includes performance and participation outcomes is recommended to advance the field.

[1]  S. Tyson,et al.  Measures of sensation in neurological conditions: a systematic review , 2012, Clinical rehabilitation.

[2]  Leeanne M. Carey,et al.  Textbook of Neural Repair and Rehabilitation: Loss of somatic sensation , 2006 .

[3]  Thomas A Matyas,et al.  Impaired Discrimination of Surface Friction Contributes to Pinch Grip Deficit After Stroke , 2007, Neurorehabilitation and neural repair.

[4]  P. Schmalbrock,et al.  Sensorimotor training and neural reorganization after stroke: a case series. , 2013, Journal of neurologic physical therapy : JNPT.

[5]  Exploring the Key Performance Areas and Assessment Criteria for the Evaluation of Students' Clinical Performance: A Delphi study , 2011 .

[6]  Maurizio Corbetta,et al.  Neurological Principles and Rehabilitation of Action Disorders , 2011, Neurorehabilitation and neural repair.

[7]  L. Carey.  Touch and Body Sensations , 2012 .

[8]  Leeanne M. Carey,et al.  Somatosensory Loss after Stroke , 1995 .

[9]  L. Carey,et al.  Measuring participation after stroke: a review of frequently used tools. , 2013, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.

[10]  Sarah F Tyson,et al.  Clinical reality of measuring upper-limb ability in neurologic conditions: a systematic review. , 2012, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.

[11]  Richard W. Bohannon.  Evaluation and Treatment of Sensory and Perceptual Impairments Following Stroke , 2003 .

[12]  H. Chris Dijkerman,et al.  Somatosensory processing subserving perception and action: Dissociations, interactions, and integration , 2007, Behavioral and Brain Sciences.

[13]  Sally Bennett,et al.  Interventions for sensory impairment in the upper limb after stroke. , 2010, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[14]  Sarah F Tyson,et al.  Sensory Loss in Hospital-Admitted People With Stroke: Characteristics, Associated Factors, and Relationship With Function , 2008, Neurorehabilitation and neural repair.

[15]  D. Levac,et al.  Scoping studies: advancing the methodology , 2010, Implementation science : IS.

[16]  L. Carey,et al.  Effectiveness of Sensory Discrimination Training When Delivered By Family Members: A Pilot Study , 2008, Brain Impairment.

[17]  S. Schabrun,et al.  Evidence for the retraining of sensation after stroke: a systematic review , 2009, Clinical rehabilitation.

[18]  L. Carey,et al.  Impaired limb position sense after stroke: a quantitative test for clinical use. , 1996, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.

[19]  L. Connell,et al.  Somatosensory impairment after stroke: frequency of different deficits and their recovery , 2008, Clinical rehabilitation.

[20]  S. Wood-Dauphinée,et al.  Assessment of global function: The Reintegration to Normal Living Index. , 1988, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.

[21]  Leeanne Carey,et al.  SENSe: Study of the Effectiveness of Neurorehabilitation on Sensation , 2011, Neurorehabilitation and neural repair.

[22]  Ralph Huonker,et al.  Effects of Temporary Functional Deafferentation on the Brain, Sensation, and Behavior of Stroke Patients , 2012, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[23]  L. Carey,et al.  Impaired Discrimination of Sensory Information About Slip Between Object and Skin is Associated With Handgrip Limitation Poststroke , 2008, Brain Impairment.

[24]  Lalit Kalra,et al.  Stroke rehabilitation 2009: old chestnuts and new insights. , 2010, Stroke.

[25]  Nuray Yozbatiran,et al.  Electrical stimulation of wrist and fingers for sensory and functional recovery in acute hemiplegia , 2006, Clinical rehabilitation.

[26]  Kerri A Morgan,et al.  Participation survey/mobility: psychometric properties of a measure of participation for people with mobility impairments and limitations. , 2006, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.

[27]  Leeanne M. Carey,et al.  Impaired Touch Discrimination After Stroke: A Quantiative Test , 1997 .

[28]  J A Bell-Krotoski,et al.  Threshold detection and Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments. , 1995, Journal of hand therapy : official journal of the American Society of Hand Therapists.

[29]  M Yekutiel,et al.  A controlled trial of the retraining of the sensory function of the hand in stroke patients. , 1993, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[30]  R. Gnat,et al.  Butler’s neuromobilizations combined with proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation are effective in reducing of upper limb sensory in late-stage stroke subjects: a three-group randomized trial , 2010, Clinical rehabilitation.

[31]  D. Gray,et al.  Structural equation modeling of the relationships between participation in leisure activities and community environments by people with mobility impairments. , 2010, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.

[32]  Susan Michie,et al.  Developing and Evaluating Complex Interventions , 2015 .

[33]  Agnes Flöel,et al.  Contralateral hand anesthesia transiently improves poststroke sensory deficits , 2006, Annals of neurology.

[34]  K O Johnson,et al.  The limit of tactile spatial resolution in humans , 1994, Neurology.

[35]  A. McIntyre,et al.  The effect of ice stimulation on sensory loss in chronic stroke patients—a feasibility study , 2005 .

[36]  M Valentini,et al.  Residual haptic sensation following stroke using ipsilateral stimulation , 2007, Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry.

[37]  L. Hedman,et al.  Sensory Dysfunction Following Stroke: Incidence, Significance, Examination, and Intervention , 2008, Topics in stroke rehabilitation.

[38]  Miles C. Bowman,et al.  Control strategies in object manipulation tasks , 2006, Current Opinion in Neurobiology.

[39]  L. Jones,et al.  The assessment and treatment of patients who have sensory loss following cortical lesions. , 1993, Journal of hand therapy : official journal of the American Society of Hand Therapists.

[40]  A L Dellon,et al.  Two-point discrimination tester. , 1985, The Journal of hand surgery.

[41]  O. Witte,et al.  Differences in somatosensory and motor improvement during temporary functional deafferentation in stroke patients and healthy subjects , 2013, Behavioural Brain Research.

[42]  A. Schmid,et al.  Relationship Between Touch Sensation of the Affected Hand and Performance of Valued Activities in Individuals With Chronic Stroke , 2014, Topics in stroke rehabilitation.

[43]  Thomas A Matyas,et al.  Training of Somatosensory Discrimination After Stroke: Facilitation of Stimulus Generalization , 2005, American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation.

[44]  Leah R. Enders,et al.  Remote vibrotactile noise improves light touch sensation in stroke survivors’ fingertips via stochastic resonance , 2013, Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation.

[45]  Thomas A Matyas,et al.  Frequency of discriminative sensory loss in the hand after stroke in a rehabilitation setting. , 2011, Journal of rehabilitation medicine.

[46]  Tobias Kalisch,et al.  Effects of repetitive electrical stimulation to treat sensory loss in persons poststroke. , 2009, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.

[47]  R. Gershon,et al.  Somatosensation assessment using the NIH Toolbox , 2013, Neurology.

[48]  C. Baum.  Fulfilling the promise: supporting participation in daily life. , 2011, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.

[49]  K. Patrick,et al.  Sensorimotor impairments of paretic upper limb correlates with activities of daily living in subjects with chronic stroke , 2011 .

[50]  Valentina Squeri,et al.  Robot-Assisted Training of the Kinesthetic Sense: Enhancing Proprioception after Stroke , 2015, Front. Hum. Neurosci..

[51]  Leeanne M. Carey,et al.  Stroke Rehabilitation: A Learning Perspective , 2012 .

[52]  D. Nichols-Larsen,et al.  Assessing and Treating Higher Level Somatosensory Impairments Post Stroke , 2014, Topics in stroke rehabilitation.

[53]  紀彣宙,et al.  國際身心障礙功能與健康分類（International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, ICF）簡介 , 2014 .