Color Correction of Underwater Images for Aquatic Robot Inspection

In this paper, we consider the problem of color restoration using statistical priors. This is applied to color recovery for underwater images, using an energy minimization formulation. Underwater images present a challenge when trying to correct the blue-green monochrome look to bring out the color we know marine life has. For aquatic robot tasks, the quality of the images is crucial and needed in real-time. Our method enhances the color of the images by using a Markov Random Field (MRF) to represent the relationship between color depleted and color images. The parameters of the MRF model are learned from the training data and then the most probable color assignment for each pixel in the given color depleted image is inferred by using belief propagation (BP). This allows the system to adapt the color restoration algorithm to the current environmental conditions and also to the task requirements. Experimental results on a variety of underwater scenes demonstrate the feasibility of our method.

[1]  W D Wright,et al.  Color Science, Concepts and Methods. Quantitative Data and Formulas , 1967 .

[2]  Gunther Wyszecki,et al.  Color Science: Concepts and Methods, Quantitative Data and Formulae, 2nd Edition , 2000 .

[3]  J. Besag Spatial Interaction and the Statistical Analysis of Lattice Systems , 1974 .

[4]  Donald Geman,et al.  Stochastic Relaxation, Gibbs Distributions, and the Bayesian Restoration of Images , 1984, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[5]  Judea Pearl,et al.  Probabilistic reasoning in intelligent systems - networks of plausible inference , 1991, Morgan Kaufmann series in representation and reasoning.

[6]  Jules S. Jaffe,et al.  Computer modeling and the design of optimal underwater imaging systems , 1990 .

[7]  Anil K. Jain,et al.  MRF model-based algorithms for image segmentation , 1990, [1990] Proceedings. 10th International Conference on Pattern Recognition.

[8]  Charles A. Poynton,et al.  A technical introduction to digital video , 1996 .

[9]  Edward H. Adelson,et al.  Belief Propagation and Revision in Networks with Loops , 1997 .

[10]  Rainer Reuter,et al.  Contrast-enhanced optical imaging of submersible targets , 1999, Industrial Lasers and Inspection.

[11]  Terry Boult,et al.  DOVE: Dolphin Omni-directional Video Equipment , 2000 .

[12]  Gian Luca Foresti,et al.  Visual inspection of sea bottom structures by an autonomous underwater vehicle , 2001, IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part B.

[13]  Julia Åhlén,et al.  Bottom Reflectance Influence on a Color Correction Algorithm for Underwater Images , 2003, SCIA.

[14]  Andrew Hogue,et al.  AQUA: an aquatic walking robot , 2004, 2004 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS) (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37566).

[15]  William T. Freeman,et al.  Learning Low-Level Vision , 1999, Proceedings of the Seventh IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision.

[16]  Daniel P. Huttenlocher,et al.  Efficient Belief Propagation for Early Vision , 2004, Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2004. CVPR 2004..

[17]  Y. Schechner,et al.  Clear underwater vision , 2004, Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2004. CVPR 2004..

[18]  William T. Freeman,et al.  Constructing free-energy approximations and generalized belief propagation algorithms , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory.