A Unified Classification of Alien Species Based on the Magnitude of their Environmental Impacts

We present a method for categorising and comparing alien or invasive species in terms of how damaging they are to the environment, that can be applied across all taxa, scales, and impact metrics.

[1]  Robert M Ewers,et al.  Interactive effects of habitat modification and species invasion on native species decline. , 2007, Trends in ecology & evolution.

[2]  A. Ricciardi.  Predicting the impacts of an introduced species from its invasion history: an empirical approach applied to zebra mussel invasions , 2003 .

[3]  Petr Pyšek,et al.  Fifty years of invasion ecology – the legacy of Charles Elton , 2008 .

[4]  Marc Kenis,et al.  Ecological effects of invasive alien insects , 2008, Biological Invasions.

[5]  Eben H. Paxton,et al.  Tamarix as Habitat for Birds: Implications for Riparian Restoration in the Southwestern United States , 2008 .

[6]  J. Pergl,et al.  The impact of an invasive plant changes over time. , 2013, Ecology letters.

[7]  Martin A. Nuñez,et al.  The natives are restless, but not often and mostly when disturbed. , 2012, Ecology.

[8]  Andrew Macleod,et al.  New protocols to assess the environmental impact of pests in the EPPO decision-support scheme for pest risk analysis* , 2012 .

[9]  S. Kumschick,et al.  Some alien birds have as severe an impact as the most effectual alien mammals in Europe. , 2010 .

[10]  D. Richardson,et al.  Residence time and potential range: crucial considerations in modelling plant invasions , 2007 .

[11]  Vittorio Rossi,et al.  Guidance on the environmental risk assessment of plant pests , 2011 .

[12]  Daniel Sol,et al.  TEASIng apart alien species risk assessments: a framework for best practices. , 2012, Ecology letters.

[13]  Wolfgang Nentwig,et al.  A Generic Impact‐Scoring System Applied to Alien Mammals in Europe , 2010, Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology.

[14]  S. Butchart.  Red List Indices to measure the sustainability of species use and impacts of invasive alien species , 2008, Bird Conservation International.

[15]  Ingolf Kühn,et al.  A conceptual framework for prioritization of invasive alien species for management according to their impact , 2012 .

[16]  Helen E. Roy,et al.  Generic ecological impact assessments of alien species in Norway: a semi-quantitative set of criteria , 2012, Biodiversity and Conservation.

[17]  H. Fritz,et al.  Another call for the end of invasion biology , 2013 .

[18]  M. Clout,et al.  Invasive species management: a handbook of principles and techniques , 2009 .

[19]  Pamela L. Nagler,et al.  Changing Perceptions of Change: The Role of Scientists in Tamarix and River Management , 2009 .

[20]  M. Williamson,et al.  The Varying Success of Invaders , 1996 .

[21]  M. Hoopes,et al.  Progress toward understanding the ecological impacts of nonnative species , 2013 .

[22]  D. Richardson,et al.  Adoption, use and perception of Australian acacias around the world , 2011 .

[23]  D. Strayer.  Eight questions about invasions and ecosystem functioning. , 2012, Ecology letters.

[24]  Mark A. Davis,et al.  Don't judge species on their origins , 2011, Nature.

[25]  Petr Pyšek,et al.  A proposed unified framework for biological invasions. , 2011, Trends in ecology & evolution.

[26]  Jeffrey S. Dukes,et al.  Impacts of Invasive Species on Ecosystem Services , 2008 .

[27]  Luis Roman Carrasco,et al.  Economic and Environmental Impacts of Harmful Non-Indigenous Species in Southeast Asia , 2013, PloS one.

[28]  James T. Carlton,et al.  Biological Invasions and Cryptogenic Species , 1996 .

[29]  D. Richardson,et al.  Misleading criticisms of invasion science: a field guide , 2013 .

[30]  E J Milner-Gulland,et al.  Quantification of Extinction Risk: IUCN's System for Classifying Threatened Species , 2008, Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology.

[31]  C. Wood,et al.  An Invasive Fish and the Time-Lagged Spread of Its Parasite across the Hawaiian Archipelago , 2013, PloS one.

[32]  A. MacDougall,et al.  ARE INVASIVE SPECIES THE DRIVERS OR PASSENGERS OF CHANGE IN DEGRADED ECOSYSTEMS , 2005 .

[33]  Andrew Macleod,et al.  Tools for visualising and integrating pest risk assessment ratings and uncertainties , 2012 .

[34]  J. Levine,et al.  Biological Invasions , 2004 .

[35]  M. Kent,et al.  Biodiversity: Disease threat to European fish , 2005, Nature.

[36]  Jan Pergl,et al.  Bias and error in understanding plant invasion impacts. , 2013, Trends in ecology & evolution.

[37]  Franz Essl,et al.  Review of risk assessment systems of IAS in Europe and introducing the German-Austrian Black List Information System (GABLIS). , 2011 .

[38]  T. Blackburn,et al.  The role of propagule pressure in explaining species invasions. , 2005, Trends in ecology & evolution.

[39]  D. Richardson,et al.  Effects of Invasive Alien Plants on Fire Regimes , 2004 .

[40]  John M. Drake,et al.  Pandora's Box Contained Bait : The Global Problem of Introduced Earthworms , 2008 .

[41]  M. Vilà,et al.  How well do we understand the impacts of alien species on ecosystem services? A pan-European, cross-taxa assessment , 2010 .

[42]  M. Vilà,et al.  Ecological impacts of invasive alien plants: a meta-analysis of their effects on species, communities and ecosystems. , 2011, Ecology letters.

[43]  M. Pace,et al.  Understanding the long-term effects of species invasions. , 2006, Trends in ecology & evolution.

[44]  P. S. Lake,et al.  Invasional 'meltdown' on an oceanic island , 2003 .

[45]  Julian D Olden,et al.  The Potential Conservation Value of Non‐Native Species , 2011, Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology.

[46]  Francis W. Zwiers,et al.  Guidance Note for Lead Authors of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report on Consistent Treatment of Uncertainties , 2010 .

[47]  Proposed Definition of Environmental Damage Illustrated by the Cases of Genetically Modified Crops and Invasive Species , 2009, Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology.

[48]  S. Chiba.  Invasive Non‐Native Species’ Provision of Refugia for Endangered Native Species , 2010, Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology.

[49]  T. Blackburn,et al.  What determines the impact of alien birds and mammals in Europe? , 2012, Biological Invasions.

[50]  Edwin D. Grosholz,et al.  Predicting the impact of introduced marine species: Lessons from the multiple invasions of the European green crab Carcinus maenas , 1996 .

[51]  Wolfgang Nentwig,et al.  Plant extinctions and introductions lead to phylogenetic and taxonomic homogenization of the European flora , 2009, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[52]  J. Aronson,et al.  Impacts of biological invasions: what's what and the way forward. , 2013, Trends in ecology & evolution.

[53]  A. Shapiro,et al.  Exotics as host plants of the California butterfly fauna , 2003 .

[54]  Trevor D. Davies,et al.  Extinction Risk and Overfishing: Reconciling Conservation and Fisheries Perspectives on the Status of Marine Fishes , 2012, Scientific Reports.

[55]  H. Mooney,et al.  Invasive species, ecosystem services and human well-being. , 2009, Trends in ecology & evolution.

[56]  A. Suarez,et al.  The evolutionary consequences of biological invasions , 2008, Molecular ecology.

[57]  Jan Pergl,et al.  A global assessment of invasive plant impacts on resident species, communities and ecosystems: the interaction of impact measures, invading species' traits and environment , 2012, Global Change Biology.

[58]  E. Zavaleta,et al.  The Economic Value of Controlling an Invasive Shrub , 2000 .

[59]  P. Kareiva,et al.  Impact: Toward a Framework for Understanding the Ecological Effects of Invaders , 1999, Biological Invasions.