Automating transformations from floating-point to fixed-point for implementing digital signal processing algorithms

Many digital signal processing and communication algorithms are first simulated using floating-point arithmetic and later transformed into fixed-point arithmetic to reduce implementation complexity. This transformation process may take more than 50% of the design time for complex designs. In addition, wordlengths in fixed-point designs may be altered at later stages in the design cycle. Different choices of wordlengths lead to different tradeoffs between signal quality and implementation complexity. In this dissertation, I propose two methods for characterizing the tradeoffs between signal quality and implementation complexity during the transformation of digital system designs to fixed-point arithmetic and variables. The first method, a gradient-based search for single-objective optimization with sensitivity information, scales linearly with the number of variables, but can become trapped in local optima. Based on wordlength design case studies for a wireless communication demodulator, adding sensitivity information reduces the search time by a factor of four and yields a design with 30% lower implementation costs. The second method, a genetic algorithm for multi-objective optimization, provides a Pareto optimal front that evolves towards the optimal tradeoff curve for signal quality vs. implementation complexity. This second method can be used to fully characterize the design space. I propose to use wordlength reduction methods of signed right shift and truncation to reduce power consumption in a given hardware architecture. For each method, I derive the expected values of the number of gates that switch during multiplication of the inputs. I apply the signed right shift method and the truncation method to a 16-bit radix-4 modified Booth multiplier and a 16-bit Wallace multiplier. The truncation method with 8-bit operands reduces the power consumption by 56% in the Wallace multiplier and 31% in the Booth multiplier. The signed right shift method shows a 25% power reduction in the Booth multiplier, but no power reduction in the Wallace multiplier. Finally, this dissertation describes a method to automate design assistance for transformation from floating-point to fixed-point data types. Floating-point programs are converted to fixed-point programs by a code generator. Then, the proposed wordlength search algorithms offer designers the freedom to determine data wordlengths to optimize the tradeoffs between signal quality and implementation complexity.