A loss-tolerant scheme for unicast routing in VANETs using network coding

In vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), designing an efficient routing protocol is particularly challenging due to the vehicle movement and lossy wireless channel. A packet can be lost at a forwarder node even when a proper node is selected as the forwarder. In this paper, we propose a loss-tolerant scheme for unicast routing protocols in VANETs. The proposed scheme uses multiple forwarder nodes to improve the packet reception ratio at the forwarders. The scheme uses network coding to reduce the number of required transmissions, resulting in a significant improvement of end-to-end packet delivery ratio without increasing the message overhead. We show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme by using both theoretical analysis and computer simulations.

[1]  Muriel Médard,et al.  XORs in the Air: Practical Wireless Network Coding , 2006, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking.

[2]  Alvin S. Lim,et al.  ACAR: Adaptive Connectivity Aware Routing for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks in City Scenarios , 2010, Mob. Networks Appl..

[3]  H.T. Kung,et al.  Rainbow: A wireless medium access control using network coding for multi-hop content distribution , 2008, MILCOM 2008 - 2008 IEEE Military Communications Conference.

[4]  C. Fragouli,et al.  Efficient Broadcasting Using Network Coding , 2008, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking.

[5]  Victor C. M. Leung,et al.  Connectivity-aware minimum-delay geographic routing with vehicle tracking in VANETs , 2011, Ad Hoc Networks.

[6]  Ahmed Helmy,et al.  IMPORTANT: a framework to systematically analyze the Impact of Mobility on Performance of Routing Protocols for Adhoc Networks , 2003, IEEE INFOCOM 2003. Twenty-second Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37428).

[7]  Ramachandran Ramjee,et al.  Network Coding-Based Broadcast in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks , 2007, IEEE INFOCOM 2007 - 26th IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications.

[8]  Charles E. Perkins,et al.  Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) Routing , 2001, RFC.

[9]  Haobing Wang,et al.  Efficient Data Dissemination in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks , 2012, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[10]  Ming Li,et al.  CodeOn: Cooperative Popular Content Distribution for Vehicular Networks using Symbol Level Network Coding , 2011, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[11]  Soumya Xavier,et al.  A New Scalable Hybrid Routing Protocol for VANETs , 2014 .

[12]  Dong Nguyen,et al.  Wireless Broadcast Using Network Coding , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[13]  Celimuge Wu,et al.  Distributed Reinforcement Learning Approach for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks , 2010, IEICE Trans. Commun..

[14]  T. Ho,et al.  On Linear Network Coding , 2010 .

[15]  Ehssan Sakhaee,et al.  A Stable Routing Protocol to Support ITS Services in VANET Networks , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[16]  Ben J. A. Kröse,et al.  Learning from delayed rewards , 1995, Robotics Auton. Syst..

[17]  Giovanni Pau,et al.  Code torrent: content distribution using network coding in VANET , 2006, MobiShare '06.

[18]  Chih-Wei Yi,et al.  Rank-Based Network Coding for Content Distribution in Vehicular Networks , 2012, IEEE Wireless Communications Letters.

[19]  Yuguang Fang,et al.  Performance Study of Node-Disjoint Multipath Routing in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[20]  Falah H. Ali,et al.  Robust mobility adaptive clustering scheme with support for geographic routing for vehicular ad hoc networks , 2009 .