Ethnic Segregation, Housing Systems and Welfare Regimes in Europe

Abstract This paper examines the relationship between welfare and (ethnic) segregation across Western Europe (16 countries) until the mid-1990s, including for the first time Southern Europe. It investigates the ways in which the diverse housing systems, embodied in wider welfare regimes, shape and reflect different principles of stratification, and consequently, it reveals the different ways in which the resulting mechanisms of differentiation crucially influence the scale and nature of patterns of ethnic and socio-spatial segregation, particularly among low-income and vulnerable groups. Spatial and social dimensions of segregation are disentangled in each welfare/housing regime (four ideal-typical clusters), as are their roots in the state-market relationship and entrenched distributive arrangements. Differences in mechanisms of social and spatial differentiation are sought in each cluster, while weaving together housing tenures and housing provision analyses and identifying land supply arrangements as a common variable. This opens further investigative lines towards planning realms, hardly regarded in segregation studies, reinforcing the importance of land in the social and spatial division of urban societies.

[1]  P. Daley.  Black Africans in Great Britain: Spatial Concentration and Segregation , 1998 .

[2]  D. Schnapper,et al.  The integration of immigrants in European societies : national differences and trends of convergence , 2003 .

[3]  Yuri Kazepov,et al.  Cities of Europe: changing contexts, local arrangements, and the challenge to urban cohesion , 2008 .

[4]  Loic J. D. Wacquant,et al.  The Rise of Advanced Marginality: Notes on its Nature and Implications , 1996 .

[5]  L. Betten.  The Future of European Social Policy , 1989 .

[6]  J. Barlow,et al.  Housing and Welfare in Southern Europe: Allen/Housing , 2008 .

[7]  J. Barlow,et al.  Housing and Welfare in Southern Europe , 2004 .

[8]  Walter Matznetter.  Social Housing Policy in a Conservative Welfare State: Austria as an Example , 2002 .

[9]  G. Esping‐Andersen,et al.  The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism , 1990 .

[10]  Peter Hall,et al.  The global city , 2010 .

[11]  John Doling,et al.  Comparative Housing Policy , 1997 .

[12]  A. Lipietz.  La société en sablier : le partage du travail contre la déchirure sociale , 1996 .

[13]  M. Harloe.  Private Rented Housing in the United States and Europe , 1984 .

[14]  Paul N. Balchin,et al.  Housing Policy in Europe , 1996 .

[15]  M. Martiniello,et al.  Minorities in European Cities: The Dynamics of Social Integration and Social Exclusion at the Neighbourhood Level , 2000 .

[16]  H. Heijden.  Social Rented Housing in Western Europe: Developments and Expectations , 2002 .

[17]  V. Schutjens,et al.  Housing and Social Fragmentation in the Netherlands , 2000 .

[18]  S Arbaci.  Patterns of ethnic and socio-spatial segregation in European cities: are welfare regimes making a difference? , 2002 .

[19]  S. Musterd,et al.  Conditions for spatial segregation: some European perspectives , 1998 .

[20]  T. Wessel.  Social Polarisation and Socioeconomic Segregation in a Welfare State: The Case of Oslo , 2000 .

[21]  Stephan Schmidt.  Convergence theory, labour movements, and corporatism: The case of housing 1 , 1989 .

[22]  C. Peach,et al.  London and New York: contrasts in British and American models of segregation with a comment by Nathan Glazer , 1999 .

[23]  D. Clapham.  Housing Policy and the Discourse of Globalization , 2006 .

[24]  Ian Cole.  Hidden from History? Housing Studies, the Perpetual Present and the Case of Social Housing in Britain , 2006 .

[25]  C. Hamnett.  Social Polarisation, Economic Restructuring and Welfare State Regimes , 1996 .

[26]  M. Harloe.  The people's home? : social rented housing in Europe & America , 1996 .

[27]  John Allen,et al.  Housing and Social Change in Europe and the USA@@@Landlords and Property: Social Relations in the Private Rented Sector , 1991 .

[28]  R. Kempen,et al.  Ethnic Residential Patterns in Dutch Cities: Backgrounds, Shifts and Consequences , 1998 .

[29]  S. Sassen.  The Global City , 1992 .

[30]  J. Barlow,et al.  Success and Failure in Housing Provision: European Systems Compared , 1994 .

[31]  H. Priemus,et al.  Towards Undivided Cities: The Potential of Economic Revitalisation and Housing Redifferentiation , 1999 .

[32]  J. Malheiros.  Ethni-cities: residential patterns in the Northern European and Mediterranean metropolises: implications for policy design , 2002 .

[33]  R. Kempen,et al.  Turks in European cities : housing and urban segregation , 1997 .

[34]  Rudolf Giffinger,et al.  Segregation in Vienna: Impacts of Market Barriers and Rent Regulations , 1998 .

[35]  J. Friedrichs.  Ethnic Segregation in Cologne, Germany, 1984-94 , 1998 .

[36]  J. Kemeny,et al.  Non-profit Housing Influencing, Leading and Dominating the Unitary Rental Market: Three Case Studies , 2004 .

[37]  H. Andersen.  Spatial-Not social polarisation: social change and segregation in Copenhagen , 2004 .

[38]  C. Peach.  South Asian and Caribbean Ethnic Minority Housing Choice in Britain , 1998 .

[39]  R. Kloosterman,et al.  Mixed Embeddedness: (In)formal Economic Activities and Immigrant Businesses in the Netherlands , 1999 .

[40]  M. Martiniello,et al.  Minorities in European Cities , 2000 .

[41]  Edmond Préteceille.  L’ EVOLUTION DE LA SEGREGATION SOCIALE ET DES INEGALITES URBAINES: LE CAS DE LA METROPOLE PARISIENNE , 2004 .

[42]  T. Maloutas.  EDITORIAL: URBAN SEGREGATION AND THE EUROPEAN CONTEXT , 2004 .

[43]  D. Phillips,et al.  Black Minority Ethnic Concentration, Segregation and Dispersal in Britain , 1998 .

[44]  H. Priemus.  Poverty and Housing in the Netherlands: A Plea for Tenure-neutral Public Policy , 2001 .

[45]  Sako Musterd,et al.  Urban Segregation and the Welfare State : Inequality and Exclusion in Western Cities , 1998 .

[46]  Y. Kazepov.  Cities of Europe , 2005 .

[47]  M. Castells,et al.  Dual City: Restructuring New York , 1992 .

[48]  J. Kemeny.  The significance of Swedish rental policy: Cost renting: Command economy versus the social market in comparative perspective , 1993 .

[49]  W. Wilson.  The truly disadvantaged : the inner city, the underclass, and public policy , 1988 .

[50]  R. Alba,et al.  Remaking the American Mainstream: Assimilation and Contemporary Immigration , 2003 .

[51]  R. Kempen,et al.  Ethnic Segregation in Cities: New Forms and Explanations in a Dynamic World. , 1998 .

[52]  E. Mingione.  Labour Market Segmentation and Informal Work in Southern Europe , 1995 .

[53]  T. Maloutas,et al.  Vertical social differentiation in Athens: alternative or complement to community segregation? , 2001, International journal of urban and regional research.

[54]  Alan Murie,et al.  Social Segregation, Housing Tenure and Social Change in Dutch Cities in the Late 1980s , 1996 .

[55]  P. Simon.  Gentrification of Old Neighborhoods and Social Integration in Europe , 2008 .

[56]  Jim Kemeny,et al.  Schools of Comparative Housing Research: From Convergence to Divergence , 1998 .