Benchmark Control Problems for Seismically Excited Nonlinear Buildings

This paper presents the problem definition and guidelines of a set of benchmark control problems for seismically excited nonlinear buildings. Focusing on three typical steel structures, 3-, 9-, and 20-story buildings designed for the SAC project for the Los Angeles, California region, the goal of this study is to provide a clear basis to evaluate the efficacy of various structural control strategies. A nonlinear evaluation model has been developed that portrays the salient features of the structural system. Evaluation criteria and control constraints are presented for the design problems. The task of each participant in this benchmark study is to define (including sensors and control algorithms), evaluate, and report on their proposed control strategies. These strategies may be either passive, active, semiactive, or a combination thereof. The benchmark control problems will then facilitate direct comparison of the relative merits of the various control strategies. To illustrate some of the design challenges, a sample control strategy employing active control with a linear quadratic Gaussian control algorithm is applied to the 20-story building.

[1]  T. T. Soong,et al.  Structural Control: Basic Concepts and Applications , 1996 .

[2]  Billie F. Spencer,et al.  Frequency domain optimal control strategies for aseismic protection , 1994 .

[3]  Shirley J. Dyke,et al.  Next Generation Bench-mark Control Problems for Seismically Excited Buildings , 1999 .

[4]  Nathan M. Newmark,et al.  A Method of Computation for Structural Dynamics , 1959 .

[5]  Anil K. Agrawal,et al.  Application of Sliding Mode Control to a Benchmark Problem , 1997 .

[6]  M. Dokainish,et al.  A survey of direct time-integration methods in computational structural dynamics—I. Explicit methods , 1989 .

[7]  Shirley J. Dyke,et al.  Benchmark problems in structural control : Part II : Active tendon system , 1998 .

[8]  R. Cook,et al.  Concepts and Applications of Finite Element Analysis , 1974 .

[9]  R. Clough.  Effect of stiffness degradation on earthquake ductility requirements , 1966 .

[10]  Andrei M. Reinhorn,et al.  IDARC2D, Version 4.0: A Computer Program for the Inelastic Damage Analysis of Buildings , 1996 .

[11]  Anil K. Agrawal,et al.  CONTROL OF HYSTERETIC SYSTEM USING VELOCITY AND ACCELERATION FEEDBACKS. AUTHORS' CLOSURE , 1994 .

[12]  G. Bekey,et al.  Optimum Pulse Control of Flexible Structures , 1981 .

[13]  T. T. Soong,et al.  SEISMIC BEHAVIOR OF STEEL FRAME WITH ADDED VISCOELASTIC DAMPERS , 1996 .

[14]  Ronald L. Sack.  Matrix Structural Analysis , 1989 .

[15]  Gary J. Balas.  Synthesis of controllers for the Active Mass Driver system in the presence of uncertainty , 1997 .

[16]  Paul A. Nelson,et al.  Continuous pulse control of structures with material non‐linearity , 1994 .

[17]  Khaldoon A. Bani-Hani,et al.  NONLINEAR STRUCTURAL CONTROL USING NEURAL NETWORKS , 1998 .

[18]  Melbourne Fernald Giberson,et al.  The response of nonlinear multi-story structures subjected to earthquake excitation , 1967 .

[19]  Bijan Samali,et al.  Benchmark Problem for Response Control of Wind-Excited Tall Buildings , 2004 .

[20]  Andreas Antoniou,et al.  Digital Filters: Analysis, Design and Applications , 1979 .

[21]  Zexiang Li,et al.  Generalization of Optimal Control Theory: Linear and Nonlinear Control , 1994 .

[22]  Thomas K. Caughey,et al.  The Benchmark Problem , 1998 .

[23]  Shirley J. Dyke,et al.  Benchmark problems in structural control: part I—Active Mass Driver system , 1998 .

[24]  J. N. Yang,et al.  Sliding Mode Control for Nonlinear and Hysteretic Structures , 1995 .

[25]  Billie F. Spencer,et al.  Controlling Buildings: A New Frontier in Feedback , 1998 .

[26]  G. D. Manolis,et al.  Active control of inelastic structures , 1987 .

[27]  C. K. Yuen,et al.  Digital Filters , 1979, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics.

[28]  Jianbo Lu,et al.  Covariance control using closed-loop modelling for structures , 1997 .

[29]  B. F. Spencer,et al.  Active Structural Control: Theory and Practice , 1992 .

[30]  Graham C. Archer,et al.  Implications of vertical mass modeling errors on 2D dynamic structural analysis , 2004 .

[31]  George A. Bekey,et al.  On-Line Control of Nonlinear Flexible Structures , 1982 .

[32]  R. Stengel.  Stochastic Optimal Control: Theory and Application , 1986 .

[33]  Shirley J. Dyke,et al.  Role of Control-Structure Interaction in Protective System Design , 1995 .

[34]  R. Skelton.  Dynamic Systems Control: Linear Systems Analysis and Synthesis , 1988 .

[35]  T. T. Soong,et al.  Passive and Active Structural Vibration Control in Civil Engineering , 1994, CISM International Centre for Mechanical Sciences.

[36]  Zexiang Li,et al.  A Generalization of Optimal Control Theory: Linear and Nonlinear Structures , 1992 .