The current standard measure of cardiorespiratory fitness introduces confounding by body mass: the DR's EXTRA study

[1]  M. Kivipelto,et al.  Exercise, fitness and cognition – A randomised controlled trial in older individuals: The DR's EXTRA study , 2010 .

[2]  Ross Arena,et al.  Clinician's Guide to cardiopulmonary exercise testing in adults: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. , 2010, Circulation.

[3]  S. Blair,et al.  Long-Term Trends in Cardiorespiratory Fitness and the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes , 2010, Diabetes Care.

[4]  B. Franklin,et al.  Cardiorespiratory fitness: an independent and additive marker of risk stratification and health outcomes. , 2009, Mayo Clinic proceedings.

[5]  T. Lakka,et al.  Cardiorespiratory Fitness as a Feature of Metabolic Syndrome in Older Men and Women , 2008, Diabetes Care.

[6]  R. Casaburi,et al.  Recommendations on the use of exercise testing in clinical practice , 2006, European Respiratory Journal.

[7]  D. Brotman Mediators of the association between mortality risk and socioeconomic status. , 2006, JAMA.

[8]  U. Ekelund,et al.  Physical activity energy expenditure predicts progression toward the metabolic syndrome independently of aerobic fitness in middle-aged healthy Caucasians: the Medical Research Council Ely Study. , 2005, Diabetes care.

[9]  U. Ekelund,et al.  Oxygen uptakes adjusted for body composition in normal-weight and obese adolescents. , 2004, Obesity research.

[10]  D. Mark,et al.  Exercise capacity: the prognostic variable that doesn't get enough respect. , 2003, Circulation.

[11]  R. Ross,et al.  ATS/ACCP statement on cardiopulmonary exercise testing. , 2003, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[12]  K. Berg,et al.  Scaling oxygen uptake to body size and several practical applications. , 2002, Journal of strength and conditioning research.

[13]  Rainer Rauramaa,et al.  Low levels of leisure-time physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness predict development of the metabolic syndrome. , 2002, Diabetes care.

[14]  Niels H. Secher,et al.  Influence of body mass on maximal oxygen uptake: effect of sample size , 2001, European Journal of Applied Physiology.

[15]  C. Lavie,et al.  The incremental prognostic importance of body fat adjusted peak oxygen consumption in chronic heart failure. , 2000, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[16]  D. Fields,et al.  Total body fat does not influence maximal aerobic capacity , 2000, International Journal of Obesity.

[17]  J. Kampert,et al.  The Association between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Impaired Fasting Glucose and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Men , 1999, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[18]  D. Heil Body mass scaling of peak oxygen uptake in 20- to 79-yr-old adults. , 1997, Medicine and science in sports and exercise.

[19]  J M TANNER,et al.  Fallacy of per-weight and per-surface area standards, and their relation to spurious correlation. , 1949, Journal of applied physiology.

[20]  A. Nevill,et al.  Modeling physiological and anthropometric variables known to vary with body size and other confounding variables. , 2005, American journal of physical anthropology.

[21]  S. Blair,et al.  The association between physical activity, physical fitness, and type 2 diabetes mellitus , 2000, Comprehensive therapy.

[22]  V L Katch,et al.  Use of the oxygen-body weight ratio in correlational analyses: spurious correlations and statistical considerations. , 1973, Medicine and science in sports.