TOWARDS MANAGING THE RISKS OF DATA MISUSE FOR SPATIAL DATACUBES

Over the years, the mass consumption of spatial data caused several concerns in the geomatics community about the risk of data to be misused, especially by people who have little expertise in spatial referencing methods and their impact on spatial analysis. These concerns increased recently with the arrival of a new category of spatial decision-support applications, called Spatial OLAP or SOLAP. These applications add a spatial component to the traditional OLAP (On-Line Analytical Processing) tools, which are one of the most widely used BI (Business Intelligence) solutions. They allow users to easily, quickly, and interactively explore spatial data of different themes and at different levels of detail. Such easiness, interactivity, speed and flexibility improve users’ capability to analyze spatial data and support decisions. However, it opened the door to a larger group of users who may not completely be aware or understand the inherent strengths and weaknesses of the data. The main objective of this paper is to propose a generic approach to help producers identifying potential risks of spatial datacube misuse and different ways to manage them, such as the communication of context-sensitive warnings to end-users. The proposed approach is mainly inspired by risk management theories found in the field of project management and ISO standards. It also considers the data producers' legal duties towards the end-users which exist in Europe and America. These legal duties are mainly to inform, advise, and warn the users in their utilization of the data. Although specifically developed for spatial datacubes (SOLAP applications), several aspects of this approach are relevant for GIS and universal server transactional databases.

[1]  Giri Kumar Tayi,et al.  Methodology for allocating resources for data quality enhancement , 1989, Commun. ACM.

[2]  J. Levesque.  Évaluation de la qualité des données géospatiales : approche top-down et gestion de la métaqualité , 2007 .

[3]  Michael F. Goodchild,et al.  Communicating uncertainty in spatial databases , 1996, Trans. GIS.

[4]  Igor Drecki,et al.  Visualisation of Uncertainty in Geographical Data , 2002 .

[5]  P. L. Tourneau,et al.  Droit de la responsabilite et des contrats , 2006 .

[6]  Dfl Dorling,et al.  Geographic Information Research: Bridging the Atlantic , 1996 .

[7]  G. Hunter,et al.  Managing uncertainty in GIS , 2005 .

[8]  Matthew McGranaghan.  A Cartographic View of Spatial Data Quality , 1993 .

[9]  Robert Jeansoulin,et al.  Towards spatial data quality information analysis tools for experts assessing the fitness for use of spatial data , 2007, Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci..

[10]  Matt Duckham,et al.  Error-aware GIS Development , 2002 .

[11]  Y. Bédard.  UNCERTAINTIES IN LAND INFORMATION SYSTEMS DATABASES , 2008 .

[12]  Yvan Bédard,et al.  Towards Multidimensional User Manuals for Geospatial Datasets: Legal Issues and their Considerations into the Design of a Technological Solution , 2004 .

[13]  G. Hunter,et al.  A Risk-Based Approach to Assessing the ‘ Fitness for Use ’ of Spatial Data , 1999 .

[14]  R. Devillers,et al.  Multidimensional Management of Geospatial Data Quality Information for its Dynamic Use Within GIS , 2005 .

[15]  Larry P. English.  Improving Data Warehouse and Business Information Quality: Methods for Reducing Costs and Increasing Profits , 1999 .

[16]  Antti Jakobsson,et al.  Quality Management, Data Quality and Users, Metadata for Geographical Information , 2002 .

[17]  Thomas S. Cleary,et al.  Indicators of Quality. , 2001 .

[18]  A. Newell.  Unified Theories of Cognition , 1990 .

[19]  Il-Yeol Song,et al.  An analysis of additivity in OLAP systems , 2004, DOLAP '04.

[20]  H. D. Rombach,et al.  The Goal Question Metric Approach , 1994 .

[21]  Martin Raubal,et al.  Experiences with metadata , 1997 .

[22]  Paulraj Ponniah,et al.  Data warehousing fundamentals : a comprehensive guide for IT professionals , 2001 .

[23]  D. Unwin.  Geographical information systems and the problem of 'error and uncertainty' , 1995 .

[24]  Gary J Hunter,et al.  A GIS with the Capacity for Managing Data Quality Information , 2002 .

[25]  Arie Shoshani,et al.  Summarizability in OLAP and statistical data bases , 1997, Proceedings. Ninth International Conference on Scientific and Statistical Database Management (Cat. No.97TB100150).

[26]  Panos Vassiliadis,et al.  Data Warehouse Modeling and Quality Issues , 2000 .

[27]  N. Walford.  Geographical Data: Characteristics and Sources , 2002 .

[28]  Robert Jeansoulin,et al.  Qualité des données géographiques. Obligations juridiques potentielles et modèle du producteur raisonnable , 2007, Rev. Int. Géomatique.

[29]  Yvan Bédard,et al.  SOLAP technology: Merging business intelligence with geospatial technology for interactive spatio-temporal exploration and analysis of data , 2005 .

[30]  Veda C. Storey,et al.  A Framework for Analysis of Data Quality Research , 1995, IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng..

[31]  Marc Gervais,et al.  Pertinence d'un manuel d'instructions au sein d'une stratégie de gestion du risque juridique découlant de la fourniture de données géographiques numériques , 2003 .