Review of indirect optical measurements of leaf area index: Recent advances, challenges, and perspectives

[1]  D. Watson.  Comparative Physiological Studies on the Growth of Field Crops: I. Variation in Net Assimilation Rate and Leaf Area between Species and Varieties, and within and between Years , 1947 .

[2]  M. Monsi.  Uber den Lichtfaktor in den Pflanzengesellschaften und seine Bedeutung fur die Stoffproduktion , 1953 .

[3]  D. J. Watson,et al.  The Dependence of Net Assimilation Rate on Leaf-area Index , 1958 .

[4]  J. Wilson,et al.  INCLINED POINT QUADRATS , 1960 .

[5]  J. Monteith.  Light Distribution and Photosynthesis in Field Crops , 1965 .

[6]  Jb Miller,et al.  A formula for average foliage density , 1967 .

[7]  T. Nilson.  A theoretical analysis of the frequency of gaps in plant stands , 1971 .

[8]  A.R.G. Lang,et al.  Leaf orientation of a cotton plant , 1973 .

[9]  N. Goel,et al.  Simple Beta Distribution Representation of Leaf Orientation in Vegetation Canopies1 , 1984 .

[10]  J. Norman,et al.  Crop structure and the penetration of direct sunlight , 1985 .

[11]  A. Lang.  Estimation of leaf area index from transmission of direct sunlight in discontinuous canopies , 1986 .

[12]  J. M. Norman,et al.  THE ARCHITECTURE OF A DECIDUOUS FOREST CANOPY IN EASTERN TENNESSEE, U.S.A. , 1986 .

[13]  R. Shaw,et al.  Leaf area measurements based on hemispheric photographs and leaf-litter collection in a deciduous forest during autumn leaf-fall , 1989 .

[14]  C. Daughtry.  Direct measurements of canopy structure , 1990 .

[15]  G. Campbell.  Derivation of an angle density function for canopies with ellipsoidal leaf angle distributions , 1990 .

[16]  P. Rich.  Characterizing plant canopies with hemispherical photographs. , 1990 .

[17]  J. Welles.  Some indirect methods of estimating canopy structure , 1990 .

[18]  A. Lang,et al.  Validity of surface area indices of Pinus radiata estimated from transmittance of the sun's beam , 1991 .

[19]  T. A. Black,et al.  Characteristics of shortwave and longwave irradiances under a Douglas-fir forest stand , 1991 .

[20]  M. Huston,et al.  A comparison of direct and indirect methods for estimating forest canopy leaf area , 1991 .

[21]  S. T. Gower,et al.  Rapid Estimation of Leaf Area Index in Conifer and Broad-Leaf Plantations , 1991 .

[22]  J. Norman,et al.  Instrument for Indirect Measurement of Canopy Architecture , 1991 .

[23]  J. Chen,et al.  Evaluation of hemispherical photography for determining plant area index and geometry of a forest stand , 1991 .

[24]  A.R.G. Lang,et al.  Application of some of Cauchy's theorems to estimation of surface areas of leaves, needles and branches of plants, and light transmittance , 1991 .

[25]  J. Chen,et al.  Measuring leaf area index of plant canopies with branch architecture , 1991 .

[26]  J. Chen,et al.  Defining leaf area index for non‐flat leaves , 1992 .

[27]  T. Black,et al.  Foliage area and architecture of plant canopies from sunfleck size distributions , 1992 .

[28]  N. Smith,et al.  Estimating leaf area index and light extinction coefficients in stands of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) , 1993 .

[29]  S. T. Gower,et al.  A comparison of optical and direct methods for estimating foliage surface area index in forests , 1994 .

[30]  Alain Royer,et al.  Measuring Leaf Area Index with the Li‐Cor LAI‐2000 in Pine Stands , 1994 .

[31]  Jing M. Chen,et al.  Quantifying the effect of canopy architecture on optical measurements of leaf area index using two gap size analysis methods , 1995, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..

[32]  A. Kuusk.  A fast, invertible canopy reflectance model , 1995 .

[33]  J. Cihlar,et al.  Plant canopy gap-size analysis theory for improving optical measurements of leaf-area index. , 1995, Applied optics.

[34]  A.R.G. Lang,et al.  Measuring leaf area index in a sparse eucalypt forest: a comparison of estimates from direct measurement, hemispherical photography, sunlight transmittance and allometric regression , 1995 .

[35]  J. Chen.  Optically-based methods for measuring seasonal variation of leaf area index in boreal conifer stands , 1996 .

[36]  J. Chen,et al.  Retrieving Leaf Area Index of Boreal Conifer Forests Using Landsat TM Images , 1996 .

[37]  P. Stenberg.  Correcting LAI-2000 estimates for the clumping of needles in shoots of conifers , 1996 .

[38]  J. Welles,et al.  Canopy structure measurement by gap fraction analysis using commercial instrumentation , 1996 .

[39]  S. T. Gower,et al.  Leaf area index of boreal forests: theory, techniques, and measurements , 1997 .

[40]  S. Cohen.  Canopy transmittance inversion using a line quantum probe for a row crop*1 , 1997 .

[41]  Ranga B. Myneni,et al.  Estimation of global leaf area index and absorbed par using radiative transfer models , 1997, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..

[42]  S. T. Gower,et al.  Characterizing canopy nonrandomness with a multiband vegetation imager (MVI) , 1997 .

[43]  Hervé Sinoquet,et al.  Leaf orientation and sunlit leaf area distribution in cotton , 1997 .

[44]  S. T. Gower,et al.  Measurements of branch area and adjusting leaf area index indirect measurements , 1998 .

[45]  E. Mcpherson,et al.  Comparison of Five Methods for Estimating Leaf Area Index of Open-Grown Deciduous Trees , 1998, Arboriculture & Urban Forestry.

[46]  John M. Norman,et al.  Measurements of leaf orientation, light distribution and sunlit leaf area in a boreal aspen forest , 1998 .

[47]  A. Cutini,et al.  Estimation of leaf area index with the Li-Cor LAI 2000 in deciduous forests , 1998 .

[48]  John M. Norman,et al.  Characterization of radiation regimes in nonrandom forest canopies: theory, measurements, and a simplified modeling approach. , 1999, Tree physiology.

[49]  W. Cohen,et al.  Lidar Remote Sensing of the Canopy Structure and Biophysical Properties of Douglas-Fir Western Hemlock Forests , 1999 .

[50]  S. T. Gower,et al.  Direct and Indirect Estimation of Leaf Area Index, fAPAR, and Net Primary Production of Terrestrial Ecosystems , 1999 .

[51]  Hugh J. Barclay,et al.  Assessing bias from boles in calculating leaf area index in immature Douglas-fir with the LI-COR canopy analyzer. , 2000 .

[52]  William E. Winner,et al.  A rotated ellipsoidal angle density function improves estimation of foliage inclination distributions in forest canopies , 2000 .

[53]  J. Walter,et al.  The computation of forest leaf area index on slope using fish-eye sensors. , 2000, Comptes rendus de l'Academie des sciences. Serie III, Sciences de la vie.

[54]  Wenge Ni-Meister,et al.  Modeling lidar waveforms in heterogeneous and discrete canopies , 2001, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..

[55]  Sylvain G. Leblanc,et al.  A practical scheme for correcting multiple scattering effects on optical LAI measurements , 2001 .

[56]  Philip J. Radtke,et al.  Laser point-quadrat sampling for estimating foliage-height profiles in broad-leaved forests , 2001 .

[57]  S. Leblanc.  Correction to the plant canopy gap-size analysis theory used by the Tracing Radiation and Architecture of Canopies instrument. , 2002, Applied optics.

[58]  H. Zwally,et al.  Overview of ICESat's Laser Measurements of Polar Ice, Atmosphere, Ocean, and Land , 2002 .

[59]  S. Running,et al.  Global products of vegetation leaf area and fraction absorbed PAR from year one of MODIS data , 2002 .

[60]  K. Lim,et al.  Lidar remote sensing of biophysical properties of tolerant northern hardwood forests , 2003 .

[61]  N. Breda.  Ground-based measurements of leaf area index: a review of methods, instruments and current controversies. , 2003, Journal of experimental botany.

[62]  J. Hicke,et al.  Global synthesis of leaf area index observations: implications for ecological and remote sensing studies , 2003 .

[63]  N. Coops,et al.  Using airborne and ground-based ranging lidar to measure canopy structure in Australian forests , 2003 .

[64]  Andrew P. Robinson,et al.  Leaf area index inferred from solar beam transmission in mixed conifer forests on complex terrain , 2003 .

[65]  E. Gregory McPherson,et al.  Evaluation of four methods for estimating leaf area of isolated trees , 2003 .

[66]  Frédéric Baret,et al.  Review of methods for in situ leaf area index determination Part I. Theories, sensors and hemispherical photography , 2004 .

[67]  F. Baret,et al.  Review of methods for in situ leaf area index (LAI) determination: Part II. Estimation of LAI, errors and sampling , 2004 .

[68]  Emilio Chuvieco,et al.  Estimation of leaf area index and covered ground from airborne laser scanner (Lidar) in two contrasting forests , 2004 .

[69]  Guillaume Simioni,et al.  Spatial and temporal variations in leaf area index, specific leaf area and leaf nitrogen of two co-occurring savanna tree species. , 2004, Tree physiology.

[70]  D. Harding,et al.  ICESat waveform measurements of within‐footprint topographic relief and vegetation vertical structure , 2005 .

[71]  Jing M. Chen,et al.  Determining digital hemispherical photograph exposure for leaf area index estimation , 2005 .

[72]  Sylvain G. Leblanc,et al.  Methodology comparison for canopy structure parameters extraction from digital hemispherical photography in boreal forests , 2005 .

[73]  H. Zwally,et al.  Overview of the ICESat Mission , 2005 .

[74]  T. J. Dean,et al.  Estimating individual tree leaf area in loblolly pine plantations using LiDAR-derived measurements of height and crown dimensions , 2005 .

[75]  M. Monsi,et al.  On the factor light in plant communities and its importance for matter production. 1953. , 2004, Annals of botany.

[76]  Erik Næsset,et al.  Mapping defoliation during a severe insect attack on Scots pine using airborne laser scanning , 2006 .

[77]  Kenji Omasa,et al.  Voxel-Based 3-D Modeling of Individual Trees for Estimating Leaf Area Density Using High-Resolution Portable Scanning Lidar , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.

[78]  I. Jonckheere,et al.  Influence of measurement set-up of ground-based LiDAR for derivation of tree structure , 2006 .

[79]  N. Coops,et al.  Estimating canopy structure of Douglas-fir forest stands from discrete-return LiDAR , 2007, Trees.

[80]  Will Steffen,et al.  Establishing A Earth Observation Product Service For The Terrestrial Carbon Community: The Globcarbon Initiative , 2006 .

[81]  K. Itten,et al.  Estimation of LAI and fractional cover from small footprint airborne laser scanning data based on gap fraction , 2006 .

[82]  Chaomei Chen,et al.  CiteSpace II: Detecting and visualizing emerging trends and transient patterns in scientific literature , 2006, J. Assoc. Inf. Sci. Technol..

[83]  Oliver Sonnentag,et al.  Using direct and indirect measurements of leaf area index to characterize the shrub canopy in an ombrotrophic peatland , 2007 .

[84]  Zhao-Liang Li,et al.  Comparison of leaf angle distribution functions: Effects on extinction coefficient and fraction of sunlit foliage , 2007 .

[85]  K. Omasa,et al.  Factors contributing to accuracy in the estimation of the woody canopy leaf area density profile using 3D portable lidar imaging. , 2007, Journal of experimental botany.

[86]  Agustín Rubio,et al.  Leaf area index estimation in mountain even-aged Pinus silvestris L. stands from hemispherical photographs , 2007 .

[87]  R. McMurtrie,et al.  Estimation of leaf area index in eucalypt forest using digital photography , 2007 .

[88]  Marco Conedera,et al.  Correcting non-linearity and slope effects in the estimation of the leaf area index of forests from hemispherical photographs , 2007 .

[89]  Craig Macfarlane,et al.  Estimating forest leaf area using cover and fullframe fisheye photography: Thinking inside the circle , 2007 .

[90]  Andrew T. Hudak,et al.  Discrete return lidar-based prediction of leaf area index in two conifer forests , 2008 .

[91]  R. Myneni,et al.  Intercomparison and sensitivity analysis of Leaf Area Index retrievals from LAI-2000, AccuPAR, and digital hemispherical photography over croplands , 2008 .

[92]  España María Luisa,et al.  Slope correction for LAI estimation from gap fraction measurements , 2008 .

[93]  Gérard Dedieu,et al.  Estimation of leaf area and clumping indexes of crops with hemispherical photographs , 2008 .

[94]  Jing Chen,et al.  Retrieving crown leaf area index from an individual tree using ground-based lidar data , 2008, Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing.

[95]  Alan H. Strahler,et al.  Retrieval of forest structural parameters using a ground-based lidar instrument (Echidna®) , 2008 .

[96]  Alemu Gonsamo,et al.  Methodology comparison for slope correction in canopy leaf area index estimation using hemispherical photography , 2008 .

[97]  Guangjian Yan,et al.  Woody-to-total area ratio determination with a multispectral canopy imager. , 2009, Tree physiology.

[98]  Guang Zheng,et al.  Retrieving Leaf Area Index (LAI) Using Remote Sensing: Theories, Methods and Sensors , 2009, Sensors.

[99]  L. Monika Moskal,et al.  Modeling approaches to estimate effective leaf area index from aerial discrete-return LIDAR , 2009 .

[100]  Kaiguang Zhao,et al.  Lidar-based mapping of leaf area index and its use for validating GLOBCARBON satellite LAI product in a temperate forest of the southern USA , 2009 .

[101]  A. Gonsamo,et al.  The computation of foliage clumping index using hemispherical photography , 2009 .

[102]  C. Woodcock,et al.  Estimating forest LAI profiles and structural parameters using a ground-based laser called 'Echidna'. , 2008, Tree physiology.

[103]  Hideki Kobayashi,et al.  How to quantify tree leaf area index in an open savanna ecosystem: A multi-instrument and multi-model approach , 2010 .

[104]  F. Baret,et al.  GAI estimates of row crops from downward looking digital photos taken perpendicular to rows at 57.5° zenith angle: Theoretical considerations based on 3D architecture models and application to wheat crops , 2010 .

[105]  Hideki Kobayashi,et al.  On the correct estimation of effective leaf area index: does it reveal information on clumping effects? , 2010 .

[106]  J. Pisek,et al.  Comparison of methods for measuring gap size distribution and canopy nonrandomness at Järvselja RAMI (RAdiation transfer Model Intercomparison) test sites , 2011 .

[107]  Alan H. Strahler,et al.  Measuring Effective Leaf Area Index, Foliage Profile, and Stand Height in New England Forest Stands Using a Full-Waveform Ground-Based Lidar , 2011 .

[108]  M. Verstraete,et al.  Estimating leaf area distribution in savanna trees from terrestrial LiDAR measurements , 2011 .

[109]  Matti Maltamo,et al.  Airborne discrete-return LIDAR data in the estimation of vertical canopy cover, angular canopy closure and leaf area index , 2011 .

[110]  Erxue Chen,et al.  Estimating zero-plane displacement height and aerodynamic roughness length using synthesis of LiDAR and SPOT-5 data , 2011 .

[111]  Valerie A. Thomas,et al.  Leaf area and clumping indices for a boreal mixed-wood forest: lidar, hyperspectral, and Landsat models , 2011 .

[112]  J. Pisek,et al.  Estimating leaf inclination and G-function from leveled digital camera photography in broadleaf canopies , 2011, Trees.

[113]  Jindi Wang,et al.  Estimation of forest canopy leaf area index using MODIS, MISR, and LiDAR observations , 2011 .

[114]  C. Woodcock,et al.  Measuring forest structure and biomass in New England forest stands using Echidna ground-based lidar , 2011 .

[115]  Craig Macfarlane,et al.  Classification method of mixed pixels does not affect canopy metrics from digital images of forest overstorey , 2011 .

[116]  Alemu Gonsamo,et al.  Application note: CIMES: A package of programs for determining canopy geometry and solar radiation regimes through hemispherical photographs , 2011 .

[117]  Wuming Zhang,et al.  A portable Multi-Angle Observation System , 2012, 2012 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium.

[118]  Hideki Kobayashi,et al.  Continuous observation of tree leaf area index at ecosystem scale using upward-pointing digital cameras , 2012 .

[119]  Yosio Edemir Shimabukuro,et al.  Amazon forest carbon dynamics predicted by profiles of canopy leaf area and light environment. , 2012, Ecology letters.

[120]  Stefan Fleck,et al.  Analyzing forest canopies with ground-based laser scanning: A comparison with hemispherical photography , 2012 .

[121]  A. Cutini,et al.  Digital hemispherical photography for estimating forest canopy properties: current controversies and opportunities , 2012 .

[122]  Grégoire Vincent,et al.  Accuracy of small footprint airborne LiDAR in its predictions of tropical moist forest stand structure , 2012 .

[123]  Bryan Blair,et al.  Retrieval of vertical LAI profiles over tropical rain forests using waveform lidar at La Selva, Costa Rica , 2012 .

[124]  Philip Lewis,et al.  The fourth radiation transfer model intercomparison (RAMI‐IV): Proficiency testing of canopy reflectance models with ISO‐13528 , 2013 .

[125]  Guangjian Yan,et al.  Impact of sensor footprint on measurement of directional brightness temperature of row crop canopies , 2013 .

[126]  Raffaele Casa,et al.  Development of an app for estimating leaf area index using a smartphone. Trueness and precision determination and comparison with other indirect methods , 2013 .

[127]  John M. Norman,et al.  On the correct estimation of gap fraction: How to remove scattered radiation in gap fraction measurements? , 2013 .

[128]  J. Chen.  Remote Sensing of Leaf Area Index and Clumping Index , 2013 .

[129]  Frédéric Baret,et al.  GEOV1: LAI and FAPAR essential climate variables and FCOVER global time series capitalizing over existing products. Part1: Principles of development and production , 2013 .

[130]  Xiaohuan Xi,et al.  Retrieving leaf area index using ICESat/GLAS full-waveform data , 2013 .

[131]  Elizabeth Pattey,et al.  Assessment of in situ crop LAI measurement using unidirectional view digital photography , 2013 .

[132]  Natascha Kljun,et al.  Integrating terrestrial and airborne lidar to calibrate a 3D canopy model of effective leaf area index , 2013 .

[133]  A. Kuusk,et al.  Retrieving vegetation clumping index from Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) data at 275 m resolution , 2013 .

[134]  J. Chen.  Remote Sensing of Leaf Area Index of Vegetation Covers , 2013 .

[135]  Andrea Cutini,et al.  Estimation of canopy properties in deciduous forests with digital hemispherical and cover photography , 2013 .

[136]  R. Dubayah,et al.  Large-scale retrieval of leaf area index and vertical foliage profile from the spaceborne waveform lidar (GLAS/ICESat) , 2014 .

[137]  Qiang Liu,et al.  Angular Normalization of Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity Using Multiangular Middle and Thermal Infrared Data , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.

[138]  Youngryel Ryu,et al.  Digital canopy photography: Exposed and in the raw , 2014 .

[139]  Piermaria Corona,et al.  Estimation of leaf area index in understory deciduous trees using digital photography , 2014 .

[140]  D. Baldocchi,et al.  On seeing the wood from the leaves and the role of voxel size in determining leaf area distribution of forests with terrestrial LiDAR , 2014 .

[141]  X. Mu,et al.  Indirect measurement of leaf area index on the basis of path length distribution , 2014 .

[142]  M. Schaepman,et al.  Simulating imaging spectrometer data: 3D forest modeling based on LiDAR and in situ data , 2014 .

[143]  Jinling Song,et al.  LAINet - A wireless sensor network for coniferous forest leaf area index measurement , 2014 .

[144]  Jing Li,et al.  A Sampling Strategy for Remotely Sensed LAI Product Validation Over Heterogeneous Land Surfaces , 2014, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing.

[145]  Alan H. Strahler,et al.  Deriving and validating Leaf Area Index (LAI) at multiple spatial scales through lidar remote sensing: a case study in Sierra National Forest, CA , 2014 .

[146]  C. Francone,et al.  Comparison of leaf area index estimates by ceptometer and PocketLAI smart app in canopies with different structures , 2014 .

[147]  Richard A. Fournier,et al.  Hemispherical photography simulations with an architectural model to assess retrieval of leaf area index , 2014 .

[148]  S. Ustin,et al.  Canopy clumping appraisal using terrestrial and airborne laser scanning , 2015 .

[149]  Guangjian Yan,et al.  Estimation of Canopy and Woody Components Clumping Indices at Three Mature Picea crassifolia Forest Stands , 2015, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing.

[150]  Xiaohuan Xi,et al.  Estimation of wetland vegetation height and leaf area index using airborne laser scanning data , 2015 .

[151]  Dar A. Roberts,et al.  Mapping urban forest leaf area index with airborne lidar using penetration metrics and allometry , 2015 .

[152]  Piermaria Corona,et al.  Estimation of leaf area index in isolated trees with digital photography and its application to urban forestry , 2015 .

[153]  Janne Heiskanen,et al.  Use of airborne lidar for estimating canopy gap fraction and leaf area index of tropical montane forests , 2015 .

[154]  R. Fournier,et al.  Generalizing predictive models of forest inventory attributes using an area-based approach with airborne LiDAR data , 2015 .

[155]  Qinhuo Liu,et al.  Extracting Leaf Area Index by Sunlit Foliage Component from Downward-Looking Digital Photography under Clear-Sky Conditions , 2015, Remote. Sens..

[156]  Hua Li,et al.  Comparison of Five Slope Correction Methods for Leaf Area Index Estimation From Hemispherical Photography , 2015, IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters.

[157]  Bin Wu,et al.  Exploring scale‐dependent ecohydrological responses in a large endorheic river basin through integrated surface water‐groundwater modeling , 2015 .

[158]  Guangjian Yan,et al.  Extracting the Green Fractional Vegetation Cover from Digital Images Using a Shadow-Resistant Algorithm (SHAR-LABFVC) , 2015, Remote. Sens..

[159]  Jan Verbesselt,et al.  Monitoring spring phenology with high temporal resolution terrestrial LiDAR measurements , 2015 .

[160]  Yuyu Zhou,et al.  Terrestrial lidar remote sensing of forests: Maximum likelihood estimates of canopy profile, leaf area index, and leaf angle distribution , 2015 .

[161]  Hua Li,et al.  Wireless Sensor Network of Typical Land Surface Parameters and Its Preliminary Applications for Coarse-Resolution Remote Sensing Pixel , 2016, Int. J. Distributed Sens. Networks.

[162]  Yetao Li,et al.  Preliminary study on integrated wireless smart terminals for leaf area index measurement , 2016, Comput. Electron. Agric..

[163]  Jan Pisek,et al.  Measuring leaf angle distribution in broadleaf canopies using UAVs , 2016 .

[164]  Guangjian Yan,et al.  Indirect Measurement of Forest Leaf Area Index Using Path Length Distribution Model and Multispectral Canopy Imager , 2016, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing.

[165]  Yi Lin,et al.  Retrieval of effective leaf area index (LAIe) and leaf area density (LAD) profile at individual tree level using high density multi-return airborne LiDAR , 2016, Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinformation.

[166]  Guangjian Yan,et al.  Evaluation of MODIS LAI/FPAR Product Collection 6. Part 2: Validation and Intercomparison , 2016, Remote. Sens..

[167]  Wuming Zhang,et al.  Efficient registration of terrestrial LiDAR scans using a coarse-to-fine strategy for forestry applications , 2016 .

[168]  Guangjian Yan,et al.  Scale Effect in Indirect Measurement of Leaf Area Index , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.

[169]  Youngryel Ryu,et al.  Correction for light scattering combined with sub-pixel classification improves estimation of gap fraction from digital cover photography , 2016 .

[170]  Grant D. Pearse,et al.  Comparison of optical LAI measurements under diffuse and clear skies after correcting for scattered radiation , 2016 .

[171]  Simon D. Jones,et al.  Validating canopy clumping retrieval methods using hemispherical photography in a simulated Eucalypt forest , 2017 .

[172]  B. Bailey,et al.  Rapid measurement of the three-dimensional distribution of leaf orientation and the leaf angle probability density function using terrestrial LiDAR scanning , 2017 .

[173]  Donghui Xie,et al.  Estimating structural parameters of agricultural crops from ground-based multi-angular digital images with a fractional model of sun and shade components , 2017 .

[174]  Donghui Xie,et al.  A Large-Scale Emulation System for Realistic Three-Dimensional (3-D) Forest Simulation , 2017, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing.

[175]  J. Eitel,et al.  Retrieving forest canopy extinction coefficient from terrestrial and airborne lidar , 2017 .

[176]  David J. Harding,et al.  The Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2): Science requirements, concept, and implementation , 2017 .

[177]  Paul D. Colaizzi,et al.  Allometric Method to Estimate Leaf Area Index for Row Crops , 2017 .

[178]  Baodong Xu,et al.  Derivation of temporally continuous LAI reference maps through combining the LAINet observation system with CACAO , 2017 .

[179]  Markus Hollaus,et al.  Total canopy transmittance estimated from small-footprint, full-waveform airborne LiDAR , 2017 .

[180]  Guangjian Yan,et al.  Estimating the leaf area of an individual tree in urban areas using terrestrial laser scanner and path length distribution model , 2018, ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing.

[181]  Donghui Xie,et al.  Using Airborne Laser Scanner and Path Length Distribution Model to Quantify Clumping Effect and Estimate Leaf Area Index , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.

[182]  Hongliang Fang,et al.  Continuous estimation of canopy leaf area index (LAI) and clumping index over broadleaf crop fields: An investigation of the PASTIS-57 instrument and smartphone applications , 2018 .