Synthesis and Properties of Polyphenylsilsesquioxane Modified Phenolic Resin by in-situ Polymerization from Phenyltriethoxysilane Precursor

ABSTRACT A series of phenolic resin-polyphenylsilsesquioxane (PR-PPSQ) composites were prepared by in situ formation from phenyltriethoxysilane (PTES) precursor during polymerization of the PR. The precursor was firstly hydrolyzed in a solution, and then the sol was added to the PR polymerization system. The structures of the composites were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and solid-state 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance (Si-NMR). The PPSQs were spherical particles with a diameter of about 3 µm and nearly uniformly dispersed in the matrix, as revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The influence of PTES content on the thermal behavior of the PR was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in nitrogen and air atmospheres. The results showed that the onset temperature and residual weight of the composite containing 20 wt% PTES content were improved by 47°C and 8.4%, respectively, compared to the pure PR. The thermal oxidative stability was also greatly increased; the 50 wt% weight loss temperature rose from 567°C for PR to 601°C. The flexural strength of the composites was improved; in particular, the value of the composite containing 15 wt% PTES content was elevated by 32% (from 41.66 to 55.33 MPa).

[1]  W. Lee,et al.  Effects of carbon nanotubes and carbon fiber reinforcements on thermal conductivity and ablation properties of carbon/phenolic composites , 2014 .

[2]  Bo-geng Li,et al.  Novel silicon-modified phenolic novolacs and their biofiber-reinforced composites: Preparation, characterization and performance , 2013 .

[3]  Anilesh Kumar,et al.  Mechanical, thermal and ablative properties of zirconia, CNT modified carbon/phenolic composites , 2013 .

[4]  Rongjie Yang,et al.  Polycarbonate composites flame-retarded by polyphenylsilsesquioxane of ladder structure , 2012 .

[5]  M. Balasubramanian,et al.  Thermal decomposition and flame retardant behaviour of SiO2-phenolic nanocomposite , 2010 .

[6]  J. Kenny,et al.  Phenolic matrix nanocomposites based on commercial grade resols: Synthesis and characterization , 2010 .

[7]  N. Jiang,et al.  Study on the pyrolysis of phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin and modified PF resin , 2009 .

[8]  M. Huskić,et al.  Preparation and properties of organic–inorganic hybrids based on poly(methyl methacrylate) and sol–gel polymerized 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane , 2009 .

[9]  I. V. P. Yoshida,et al.  Poly(dimethylsiloxane) networks modified with poly(phenylsilsesquioxane)s: Synthesis, structural characterisation and evaluation of the thermal stability and gas permeability , 2008 .

[10]  K. Tadanaga,et al.  Thermoplastic and thermosetting properties of polyphenylsilsesquioxane particles prepared by two-step acid-base catalyzed sol-gel process , 2007 .

[11]  T. Lu,et al.  Preparation and characterization of organic–inorganic hybrid composites based on multiepoxy silsesquioxane and cyanate resin , 2006 .

[12]  A. Bahramian,et al.  Ablation and thermal degradation behaviour of a composite based on resol type phenolic resin: Process modeling and experimental , 2006 .

[13]  Kaiwen Liang,et al.  Phenolic resin–trisilanolphenyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) hybrid nanocomposites: Structure and properties , 2006 .

[14]  Yong Ni,et al.  Epoxy resin containing polyphenylsilsesquioxane: Preparation, morphology, and thermomechanical properties , 2006 .

[15]  C. Pittman,et al.  Chemical Bonding between Phenolic Resins and Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes (POSS) in Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Nanocomposites , 2006 .

[16]  Lang Liu,et al.  The preparation and performance of high-temperature adhesives for graphite bonding , 2005 .

[17]  S. Kuo,et al.  Miscibility, specific interactions, and self‐assembly behavior of phenolic/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane hybrids , 2004 .

[18]  A. Ludwick,et al.  Boron-modified phenolic resins for high performance applications , 2003 .

[19]  Hsu-Chiang Kuan,et al.  Preparation, characterization, and properties of novolac‐type phenolic/SiO2 hybrid organic–inorganic nanocomposite materials by sol–gel method , 2003 .

[20]  C. R. Nair,et al.  Addition curable phenolic resins based on ethynyl phenyl azo functional novolac , 2002 .

[21]  Yang Liu,et al.  Study of the Steric Tacticity of Novel Soluble Ladderlike Poly(phenylsilsesquioxane) Prepared by Stepwise Coupling Polymerization , 2001 .

[22]  Iris L. Torriani,et al.  Poly(phenylsilsesquioxane)s: Structural and morphological characterization , 2000 .

[23]  G. Camino,et al.  Structure-charring relationship in phenol-formaldehyde type resins , 1997 .

[24]  J. Koo,et al.  Development of silicone matrix-based advanced composites for thermal protection , 1994 .

[25]  K. M. Kiser,et al.  DOUBLE CHAIN POLYMERS OF PHENYLSILSESQUIOXANE , 1960 .