Magnetic nanoparticles: design and characterization, toxicity and biocompatibility, pharmaceutical and biomedical applications.

Biocompatibility, Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications L. Harivardhan Reddy,†,‡ Jose ́ L. Arias, Julien Nicolas,† and Patrick Couvreur*,† †Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie, Pharmacotechnie et Biopharmacie, Universite ́ Paris-Sud XI, UMR CNRS 8612, Faculte ́ de Pharmacie, IFR 141, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Cleḿent, F-92296 Chat̂enay-Malabry, France Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmaceútica, Facultad de Farmacia, Campus Universitario de Cartuja s/n, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain ‡Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Sanofi, 13 Quai Jules Guesdes, F-94403 Vitry-sur-Seine, France

[1]  D. Müller-Schulte,et al.  Biotinylated Stealth magnetoliposomes. , 2002, Chemistry and physics of lipids.

[2]  R L Magin,et al.  Blood Clearance of Dextran Magnetite Particles Determined by a noninvasive in vivo ESR method , 1991, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[3]  Eunkeu Oh,et al.  Magnetophoretic immunoassay of allergen-specific IgE in an enhanced magnetic field gradient. , 2007, Analytical chemistry.

[4]  T. Matsunaga,et al.  Magnetic cell separation using nano‐sized bacterial magnetic particles with reconstructed magnetosome membrane , 2008, Biotechnology and bioengineering.

[5]  J A Frank,et al.  Neurotransplantation of magnetically labeled oligodendrocyte progenitors: magnetic resonance tracking of cell migration and myelination. , 1999, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[6]  A. Jordan,et al.  Magnetic nanoparticles for intracranial thermotherapy. , 2007, Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology.

[7]  K. Ino,et al.  Plasmid DNA transfection using magnetite cationic liposomes for construction of multilayered gene‐engineered cell sheet , 2008, Biotechnology and bioengineering.

[8]  Alan P Koretsky,et al.  Sizing it up: Cellular MRI using micron‐sized iron oxide particles , 2005, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[9]  Christoph Alexiou,et al.  Targeting cancer cells: magnetic nanoparticles as drug carriers , 2006, European Biophysics Journal.

[10]  Heather Kalish,et al.  Comparison of Transfection Agents in Forming Complexes with Ferumoxides, Cell Labeling Efficiency, and Cellular Viability , 2004, Molecular imaging.

[11]  Werner Weitschies,et al.  Determination of the magneto-optical relaxation of magnetic nanoparticles as a homogeneous immunoassay. , 2007, Analytical chemistry.

[12]  A. Teja,et al.  Continuous hydrothermal crystallization of α–Fe_2O_3 and Co_3O_4 nanoparticles , 2003 .

[13]  J. Bacri,et al.  Ionic ferrofluids: A crossing of chemistry and physics , 1990 .

[14]  J. Bonneterre,et al.  Transferrin receptors in cultured breast cancer cells , 2004, Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology.

[15]  Hana Macková,et al.  Preparation and properties of magnetic nano- and microsized particles for biological and environmental separations. , 2007, Journal of separation science.

[16]  W. Bentley,et al.  Towards oriented assembly of proteins onto magnetic nanoparticles , 2008 .

[17]  M. Dewhirst,et al.  Enhanced delivery of a monoclonal antibody F(ab')2 fragment to subcutaneous human glioma xenografts using local hyperthermia. , 1990, Cancer research.

[18]  V. Torchilin,et al.  Magnetically driven thrombolytic preparation containing immobilized streptokinase-targeted transport and action. , 1988, Haemostasis.

[19]  Andreas Manz,et al.  On-chip free-flow magnetophoresis: Separation and detection of mixtures of magnetic particles in continuous flow , 2006 .

[20]  Ralph Weissleder,et al.  Magnetic Nanosensors for the Detection of Oligonucleotide Sequences. , 2001, Angewandte Chemie.

[21]  G. Denardo,et al.  Development of multivalent radioimmunonanoparticles for cancer imaging and therapy. , 2008, Cancer biotherapy & radiopharmaceuticals.

[22]  Jin Xie,et al.  Synthesis and stabilization of monodisperse Fe nanoparticles. , 2006, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[23]  C. Ozkan,et al.  Dendrimer-modified magnetic nanoparticles enhance efficiency of gene delivery system. , 2007, Cancer research.

[24]  Joseph Irudayaraj,et al.  Magnetic and gold-coated magnetic nanoparticles as a DNA sensor. , 2006, Analytical chemistry.

[25]  Patrick Couvreur,et al.  Fe3O4/chitosan nanocomposite for magnetic drug targeting to cancer , 2012 .

[26]  H. Gu,et al.  Facile synthesis and morphology evolution of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in different polyol processes , 2011 .

[27]  Gary D. Enright,et al.  Multifunctional Nano-Architecture for Biomedical Applications , 2006 .

[28]  Bartley P. Griffith,et al.  Macrophage Accumulation Associated With Rat Cardiac Allograft Rejection Detected by Magnetic Resonance Imaging With Ultrasmall Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Particles , 2001, Circulation.

[29]  S. Davis,et al.  Preparation of ultrafine silica- and PEG-coated magnetite particles , 2001 .

[30]  A. Heck,et al.  Selective isolation at the femtomole level of phosphopeptides from proteolytic digests using 2D-NanoLC-ESI-MS/MS and titanium oxide precolumns. , 2004, Analytical chemistry.

[31]  William J. Gallagher,et al.  Magnetic tunnel junctions fabricated at tenth-micron dimensions by electron beam lithography , 1997 .

[32]  C. Serna,et al.  Synthesis of Nanomagnets Dispersed in Colloidal Silica Cages with Applications in Chemical Separation , 2002 .

[33]  Dwight G Nishimura,et al.  FeCo/graphitic-shell nanocrystals as advanced magnetic-resonance-imaging and near-infrared agents , 2006, Nature materials.

[34]  P Wust,et al.  Morbidity and quality of life during thermotherapy using magnetic nanoparticles in locally recurrent prostate cancer: Results of a prospective phase I trial , 2007, International journal of hyperthermia : the official journal of European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology, North American Hyperthermia Group.

[35]  In vivo MR imaging of magnetically labeled human embryonic stem cells. , 2006 .

[36]  W Zingg,et al.  Protein adsorption to polymer particles: role of surface properties. , 1987, Journal of biomedical materials research.

[37]  F. .. Nieves,et al.  Electrosteric Stabilization of Polymer Colloids with Different Functionality , 2001 .

[38]  R. Bucci,et al.  Structural analysis of the solid amorphous binuclear complexes of iron(III) and aluminum(III) with chromium(III)-DTPA chelator using energy dispersive X-ray diffraction. , 2002, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[39]  Jie Ren,et al.  Preparation and characterization of magnetic PLA–PEG composite particles , 2005 .

[40]  J. Viovy,et al.  Magnetic enzyme reactors for isolation and study of heterogeneous glycoproteins , 2005 .

[41]  C. Freire,et al.  Superparamagnetic gamma-Fe2O3@SiO2 nanoparticles: a novel support for the immobilization of [VO(acac)2]. , 2010, Dalton transactions.

[42]  Weihong Tan,et al.  Synthesis and Characterization of Silica-Coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Microemulsion: The Effect of Nonionic Surfactants , 2001 .

[43]  M. A. Holgado,et al.  Drug targeting to cancer by nanoparticles surface functionalized with special biomolecules. , 2012, Current medicinal chemistry.

[44]  R. Müller,et al.  A Novel Formulation for Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide (SPIO) Particles Enhancing MR Lymphography: Comparison of Physicochemical Properties and The In Vivo Behaviour , 2002, Journal of drug targeting.

[45]  S. Jacobsen,et al.  Intra-articular depot formulation principles: role in the management of postoperative pain and arthritic disorders. , 2008, Journal of pharmaceutical sciences.

[46]  K. Foon.  Biological response modifiers: the new immunotherapy. , 1989, Cancer research.

[47]  S. Barry,et al.  Challenges in the development of magnetic particles for therapeutic applications , 2008, International journal of hyperthermia : the official journal of European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology, North American Hyperthermia Group.

[48]  P. Reimer,et al.  Ferucarbotran (Resovist): a new clinically approved RES-specific contrast agent for contrast-enhanced MRI of the liver: properties, clinical development, and applications , 2003, European Radiology.

[49]  B. Grady,et al.  Magnetic Nanoparticles: Inner Ear Targeted Molecule Delivery and Middle Ear Implant , 2006, Audiology and Neurotology.

[50]  A Tampieri,et al.  A novel route in bone tissue engineering: magnetic biomimetic scaffolds. , 2010, Acta biomaterialia.

[51]  R. Campbell.  Battling tumors with magnetic nanotherapeutics and hyperthermia: turning up the heat. , 2007, Nanomedicine.

[52]  D. Nesbeth,et al.  Metabolic biotinylation of lentiviral pseudotypes for scalable paramagnetic microparticle-dependent manipulation. , 2006, Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy.

[53]  Younan Xia,et al.  Modifying the Surface Properties of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles through A Sol−Gel Approach , 2002 .

[54]  J. Bacri,et al.  Intracellular uptake of anionic superparamagnetic nanoparticles as a function of their surface coating. , 2003, Biomaterials.

[55]  Yun Chi,et al.  Iridium-complex-functionalized Fe3O4/SiO2 core/shell nanoparticles: a facile three-in-one system in magnetic resonance imaging, luminescence imaging, and photodynamic therapy. , 2008, Small.

[56]  E. Shin,et al.  HRTEM characterization of phase changes and the occurrence of maghemite during catalysis by an iron oxide , 2004 .

[57]  Yu-Chie Chen,et al.  Rapid enrichment of phosphopeptides from tryptic digests of proteins using iron oxide nanocomposites of magnetic particles coated with zirconia as the concentrating probes. , 2007, Journal of proteome research.

[58]  German Salazar-Alvarez,et al.  Novel flow injection synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles with narrow size distribution , 2006 .

[59]  C. N. Ramchand,et al.  Direct binding of protein to magnetic particles , 1997 .

[60]  P. Couvreur,et al.  Nanocarriers’ entry into the cell: relevance to drug delivery , 2009, Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences.

[61]  Ohshima.  Dynamic Electrophoretic Mobility of Spherical Colloidal Particles in Concentrated Suspensions , 1997, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[62]  T. Matsunaga,et al.  Fully automated immunoassay for detection of prostate-specific antigen using nano-magnetic beads and micro-polystyrene bead composites, 'Beads on Beads'. , 2007, Analytica chimica acta.

[63]  Manuel Arruebo,et al.  Development of Magnetic Nanostructured Silica-Based Materials as Potential Vectors for Drug-Delivery Applications , 2006 .

[64]  N Toub,et al.  Innovative nanotechnologies for the delivery of oligonucleotides and siRNA. , 2006, Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie.

[65]  Zeev Rosenzweig,et al.  Glucose oxidase–magnetite nanoparticle bioconjugate for glucose sensing , 2004, Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry.

[66]  S. Ribeiro,et al.  Electro-precipitation of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in ethanol , 2008 .

[67]  H. Ohshima.  Approximate expression for the electrophoretic mobility of a spherical colloidal particle in a solution of general electrolytes , 2005 .

[68]  Stefan Gustafsson,et al.  Tailored magnetic nanoparticles for direct and sensitive detection of biomolecules in biological samples. , 2008, Nano letters.

[69]  H. Küchenhoff,et al.  Neoadjuvant gene delivery of feline granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor using magnetofection for the treatment of feline fibrosarcomas: a phase I trial , 2008, The journal of gene medicine.

[70]  R. Langer,et al.  Exploring polyethylenimine‐mediated DNA transfection and the proton sponge hypothesis , 2005, The journal of gene medicine.

[71]  M Ferrari,et al.  The adhesive strength of non-spherical particles mediated by specific interactions. , 2006, Biomaterials.

[72]  Q. Pankhurst,et al.  Applications of magnetic nanoparticles in biomedicine , 2003 .

[73]  Á. Delgado,et al.  Engineering of an antitumor (core/shell) magnetic nanoformulation based on the chemotherapy agent ftorafur , 2011 .

[74]  Lee R. White,et al.  Electrophoretic mobility of a spherical colloidal particle , 1978 .

[75]  H Putzar,et al.  Applications of magnetic targeting in diagnosis and therapy--possibilities and limitations: a mini-review. , 1997, Hybridoma.

[76]  Mukesh G Harisinghani,et al.  Overview of nanoparticle use in cancer imaging. , 2009, Cancer biomarkers : section A of Disease markers.

[77]  Hiroyuki Honda,et al.  Tissue engineering using magnetite nanoparticles and magnetic force: heterotypic layers of cocultured hepatocytes and endothelial cells. , 2004, Tissue engineering.

[78]  Yuehe Lin,et al.  A renewable electrochemical magnetic immunosensor based on gold nanoparticle labels. , 2005, Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology.

[79]  Ji-Hee Kim,et al.  Multifunctional doxorubicin loaded superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for chemotherapy and magnetic resonance imaging in liver cancer. , 2010, Biomaterials.

[80]  I. Lucet,et al.  Development of superparamagnetic nanoparticles for MRI: effect of particle size, charge and surface nature on biodistribution. , 1996, Journal of microencapsulation.

[81]  Ajay Kumar Gupta,et al.  Synthesis and surface engineering of iron oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications. , 2005, Biomaterials.

[82]  Ralph Weissleder,et al.  Colloidal magnetic resonance contrast agents : effect of particle surface on biodistribution , 1993 .

[83]  Ajay Kumar Gupta,et al.  Recent advances on surface engineering of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and their biomedical applications. , 2007, Nanomedicine.

[84]  Ortega-Vinuesa,et al.  Colloidal Stability of Polymer Colloids with Different Interfacial Properties: Mechanisms , 1996, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[85]  U. Sharma,et al.  Evaluation of folate conjugated pegylated thermosensitive magnetic nanocomposites for tumor imaging and therapy. , 2011, Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces.

[86]  Yi Lu,et al.  MRI detection of thrombin with aptamer functionalized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. , 2008, Bioconjugate chemistry.

[87]  A. Arbab,et al.  Labeling of cells with ferumoxides–protamine sulfate complexes does not inhibit function or differentiation capacity of hematopoietic or mesenchymal stem cells , 2005, NMR in biomedicine.

[88]  J Bittoun,et al.  Cell internalization of anionic maghemite nanoparticles: Quantitative effect on magnetic resonance imaging , 2003, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[89]  Chen Jie,et al.  PVP magnetic nanospheres: biocompatibility, in vitro and in vivo bleomycin release. , 2007, International journal of pharmaceutics.

[90]  C. Sangregorio,et al.  Characterization of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in an Fe2O3−SiO2 Composite Prepared by a Sol−Gel Method , 1998 .

[91]  N. Dhalla,et al.  Role of oxidative stress in cardiovascular diseases , 2000, Journal of hypertension.

[92]  San-Yuan Chen,et al.  Preparation and characterization of magnetic ferroscaffolds for tissue engineering , 2007 .

[93]  Andreas Saleh,et al.  In vivo MRI of brain in ̄ ammation in human ischaemic stroke , 2004 .

[94]  K. Kataoka,et al.  Iron hydroxide nanoparticles coated with poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(aspartic acid) block copolymer as novel magnetic resonance contrast agents for in vivo cancer imaging. , 2007, Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces.

[95]  Mansoo Choi,et al.  Body Distribution of Inhaled Fluorescent Magnetic Nanoparticles in the Mice , 2008, Journal of occupational health.

[96]  Miqin Zhang,et al.  Folic acid-PEG conjugated superparamagnetic nanoparticles for targeted cellular uptake and detection by MRI. , 2006, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A.

[97]  T J Brady,et al.  MR receptor imaging: ultrasmall iron oxide particles targeted to asialoglycoprotein receptors. , 1990, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[98]  S. A. Gómez-Lopera,et al.  Loading of 5-Fluorouracil to Poly(ethyl-2-cyanoacrylate) Nanoparticles with a Magnetic Core , 2005 .

[99]  Steven F Dowdy,et al.  Transmembrane delivery of protein and peptide drugs by TAT-mediated transduction in the treatment of cancer. , 2005, Advanced drug delivery reviews.

[100]  Xiaomin Fu.  Magnetic-controlled non-competitive enzyme-linked voltammetric immunoassay for carcinoembryonic antigen , 2008 .

[101]  Ernst J. Rummeny,et al.  Capacity of human monocytes to phagocytose approved iron oxide MR contrast agents in vitro , 2004, European Radiology.

[102]  T. Ishida,et al.  Accelerated blood clearance of PEGylated liposomes upon repeated injections: effect of doxorubicin-encapsulation and high-dose first injection. , 2006, Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society.

[103]  S. Schmitz,et al.  Superparamagnetic iron oxide-enhanced MRI of atherosclerotic plaques in Watanabe hereditable hyperlipidemic rabbits. , 2000, Investigative radiology.

[104]  Behrens,et al.  Absolute Aggregation Rate Constants of Hematite Particles in Aqueous Suspensions: A Comparison of Two Different Surface Morphologies. , 1997, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[105]  P. Couvreur,et al.  Nanoparticles in cancer therapy and diagnosis. , 2002, Advanced drug delivery reviews.

[106]  Guillaume Viau,et al.  Monodisperse iron-based particles: precipitation in liquid polyols , 1996 .

[107]  J. Ramsden,et al.  DBT degradation enhancement by decorating Rhodococcus erythropolis IGST8 with magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles , 2009, Biotechnology and bioengineering.

[108]  A. Gaharwar,et al.  Magnetic nanoparticles encapsulated within a thermoresponsive polymer. , 2009, Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology.

[109]  G. Hadjipanayis,et al.  Particle size effect on phase and magnetic properties of polymer-coated magnetic nanoparticles , 2009 .

[110]  R. Massart,et al.  Preparation of aqueous magnetic liquids in alkaline and acidic media , 1981 .

[111]  Yongxiao Bai,et al.  Study on immobilization of lipase onto magnetic microspheres with epoxy groups , 2009 .

[112]  Á. Delgado,et al.  Study of the magnetorheological response of aqueous magnetite suspensions stabilized by acrylic acid polymers. , 2008, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[113]  M. Muhammed,et al.  Superparamagnetism of magnetite nanoparticles: dependence on surface modification. , 2004, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[114]  Nathan Kohler,et al.  Surface modification of superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles and their intracellular uptake. , 2002, Biomaterials.

[115]  A. Gedanken,et al.  Sonochemical synthesis and characterization of pure nanometer-sized Fe3O4 particles , 2000 .

[116]  Pradeep Tyagi,et al.  Anisamide‐targeted stealth liposomes: A potent carrier for targeting doxorubicin to human prostate cancer cells , 2004, International journal of cancer.

[117]  Jinwoo Cheon,et al.  Artificially engineered magnetic nanoparticles for ultra-sensitive molecular imaging , 2007, Nature Medicine.

[118]  Weihong Tan,et al.  Aptamer-conjugated nanoparticles for selective collection and detection of cancer cells. , 2006, Analytical chemistry.

[119]  Sarah S. Staniland,et al.  Controlled formation of magnetite crystal by partial oxidation of ferrous hydroxide in the presence of recombinant magnetotactic bacterial protein Mms6. , 2007, Biomaterials.

[120]  A. Curtis,et al.  Lactoferrin and ceruloplasmin derivatized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for targeting cell surface receptors. , 2004, Biomaterials.

[121]  Antony K. Chen,et al.  Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Probes for Molecular Imaging , 2006, Annals of Biomedical Engineering.

[122]  M. A. Holgado,et al.  Possibilities of poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) in the formulation of nanomedicines against cancer. , 2011, Current drug targets.

[123]  H. A. Therese,et al.  Superparamagnetic γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles with tailored functionality for protein separation , 2007 .

[124]  A. Ito,et al.  Magnetic force-based cell patterning using Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide-conjugated magnetite cationic liposomes. , 2007, Journal of bioscience and bioengineering.

[125]  Z. Fayad,et al.  Clearance of Iron Oxide Particles in Rat Liver: Effect of Hydrated Particle Size and Coating Material on Liver Metabolism , 2006, Investigative radiology.

[126]  P Wust,et al.  Clinical hyperthermia of prostate cancer using magnetic nanoparticles: Presentation of a new interstitial technique , 2005, International journal of hyperthermia : the official journal of European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology, North American Hyperthermia Group.

[127]  S. Song,et al.  Magnetic poly ε-caprolactone nanoparticles containing Fe3O4 and gemcitabine enhance anti-tumor effect in pancreatic cancer xenograft mouse model , 2007 .

[128]  Wei-Yu Chen,et al.  Iron oxide/niobium oxide core-shell magnetic nanoparticle-based phosphopeptide enrichment from biological samples for MALDI MS analysis. , 2009, Journal of biomedical nanotechnology.

[129]  E. Neuwelt,et al.  Single-dose contrast agent for intraoperative MR imaging of intrinsic brain tumors by using ferumoxtran-10. , 2005, AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology.

[130]  Jin-Sil Choi,et al.  In vivo magnetic resonance detection of cancer by using multifunctional magnetic nanocrystals. , 2005, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[131]  S. Armes,et al.  Synthesis of biocompatible poly[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl phosphorylcholine]-coated magnetite nanoparticles. , 2006, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[132]  Robert Langer,et al.  Magnetically-Responsive Polymerized Liposomes as Potential Oral Delivery Vehicles , 1997, Pharmaceutical Research.

[133]  J. Xing,et al.  In situ magnetic separation and immobilization of dibenzothiophene-desulfurizing bacteria. , 2009, Bioresource technology.

[134]  Sheng-Fu Wang,et al.  A novel amperometric immunosensor based on Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles/chitosan composite film for determination of ferritin , 2007, Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry.

[135]  P. Moroz,et al.  Magnetically mediated hyperthermia: current status and future directions , 2002, International journal of hyperthermia : the official journal of European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology, North American Hyperthermia Group.

[136]  Hongbo Liu,et al.  Fabrication and functionalization of dendritic poly(amidoamine)-immobilized magnetic polymer composite microspheres. , 2008, The journal of physical chemistry. B.

[137]  R. Hidalgo-Álvarez,et al.  Zeta-potential of polystyrene latex determined using different electrokinetic techniques in binary liquid mixtures , 2006 .

[138]  C. Feldmann,et al.  Polyol-Mediated Preparation of Nanoscale Oxide Particles. , 2001, Angewandte Chemie.

[139]  A. Tedesco,et al.  Cell toxicity studies of albumin-based nanosized magnetic beads. , 2006, Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology.

[140]  Mingyuan Gao,et al.  Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: from preparations to in vivo MRI applications , 2009 .

[141]  J. Vicente,et al.  Preparation of stable magnetorheological fluids based on extremely bimodal iron–magnetite suspensions , 2005 .

[142]  Xu Ma,et al.  A novel method to prepare water-dispersible magnetic nanoparticles and their biomedical applications: magnetic capture probe and specific cellular uptake. , 2008, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A.

[143]  Hakho Lee,et al.  Microelectromagnets for the control of magnetic nanoparticles , 2001 .

[144]  K. Bouchemal,et al.  PEGylation and preliminary biocompatibility evaluation of magnetite-silica nanocomposites obtained by high energy ball milling. , 2010, International journal of pharmaceutics.

[145]  Ralph Weissleder,et al.  Magnetic nanoparticles for MR imaging: agents, techniques and cardiovascular applications , 2008, Basic Research in Cardiology.

[146]  Toshinobu Yogo,et al.  High-frequency, magnetic-field-responsive drug release from magnetic nanoparticle/organic hybrid based on hyperthermic effect. , 2010, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[147]  F. Favier,et al.  Electrochemical Synthesis for the Control of γ-Fe2O3 Nanoparticle Size. Morphology, Microstructure, and Magnetic Behavior , 1999 .

[148]  S. Ghosh,et al.  Design of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle for purification of recombinant proteins. , 2007, Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology.

[149]  Damien Faivre,et al.  Synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles for bio- and nanotechnology: genetic engineering and biomimetics of bacterial magnetosomes. , 2007, Macromolecular bioscience.

[150]  I. Chourpa,et al.  Optimization of iron oxide nanoparticles encapsulation within poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) sub-micron particles. , 2007, European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics : official journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V.

[151]  E. Matijević,et al.  Formation of uniform spherical magnetite particles by crystallization from ferrous hydroxide gels , 1980 .

[152]  P Reichardt,et al.  Clinical experiences with magnetic drug targeting: a phase I study with 4'-epidoxorubicin in 14 patients with advanced solid tumors. , 1996, Cancer research.

[153]  J. Richie,et al.  Targeted nanoparticle-aptamer bioconjugates for cancer chemotherapy in vivo. , 2006, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[154]  Á. Delgado,et al.  Magnetite/poly(alkylcyanoacrylate) (core/shell) nanoparticles as 5-Fluorouracil delivery systems for active targeting. , 2008, European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics : official journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V.

[155]  Sandeep Arora,et al.  Breast cancers: MR imaging of folate-receptor expression with the folate-specific nanoparticle P1133. , 2010, Radiology.

[156]  Taeghwan Hyeon,et al.  Multifunctional uniform nanoparticles composed of a magnetite nanocrystal core and a mesoporous silica shell for magnetic resonance and fluorescence imaging and for drug delivery. , 2008, Angewandte Chemie.

[157]  S. Goldberg,et al.  Predictors of diffuse and aggressive intra-stent restenosis. , 2001, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[158]  Yu Zhang,et al.  Therapeutic effect of Fe2O3 nanoparticles combined with magnetic fluid hyperthermia on cultured liver cancer cells and xenograft liver cancers. , 2005, Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology.

[159]  Jian-hui Jiang,et al.  Ag/SiO2 core-shell nanoparticle-based surface-enhanced Raman probes for immunoassay of cancer marker using silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles as separation tools. , 2007, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[160]  A. Perrin,et al.  Immunomagnetic concentration of antigens and detection based on a scanning force microscopic immunoassay. , 1999, Journal of immunological methods.

[161]  C. Bergemann,et al.  Magnetic ion-exchange nano- and microparticles for medical, biochemical and molecular biological applications , 1999 .

[162]  H. Honda,et al.  Effective cell-seeding technique using magnetite nanoparticles and magnetic force onto decellularized blood vessels for vascular tissue engineering. , 2007, Journal of bioscience and bioengineering.

[163]  C. Alexiou,et al.  Magnetic drug targeting: biodistribution and dependency on magnetic field strength ☆ , 2002 .

[164]  Paula M Jacobs,et al.  Preclinical Safety and Pharmacokinetic Profile of Ferumoxtran-10, an Ultrasmall Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Magnetic Resonance Contrast Agent , 2006, Investigative radiology.

[165]  Wolfhard Semmler,et al.  Silica- and alkoxysilane-coated ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide particles: a promising tool to label cells for magnetic resonance imaging. , 2007, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[166]  J. Lyklema,et al.  Measurement and Interpretation of Electrokinetic Phenomena (IUPAC Technical Report) , 2005 .

[167]  H. Chiriac,et al.  New magnetic organic-inorganic composites based on hydrotalcite-like anionic clays for drug delivery , 2007 .

[168]  Michael D Kaminski,et al.  Synthesis and characterization of highly-magnetic biodegradable poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) nanospheres. , 2007, Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society.

[169]  R. Klausner,et al.  Regulating the fate of mRNA: The control of cellular iron metabolism , 1993, Cell.

[170]  S. Dutz,et al.  INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS PUBLISHING JOURNAL OF PHYSICS: CONDENSED MATTER , 2005 .

[171]  M. Chastellain,et al.  Superparamagnetic Silica‐Iron Oxide Nanocomposites for Application in Hyperthermia , 2004 .

[172]  Á. Delgado,et al.  Study of carbonyl iron/poly(butylcyanoacrylate) (core/shell) particles as anticancer drug delivery systems Loading and release properties. , 2008, European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences.

[173]  Shouheng Sun,et al.  Dumbbell-like bifunctional Au-Fe3O4 nanoparticles. , 2005, Nano letters.

[174]  K. Sun,et al.  A Facile Hydrothermal Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles with Tunable Magnetic Properties. , 2009, The journal of physical chemistry. C, Nanomaterials and interfaces.

[175]  R. Fernández-Lafuente,et al.  Detecting minimal traces of DNA using DNA covalently attached to superparamagnetic nanoparticles and direct PCR-ELISA. , 2006, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[176]  H. Tsai,et al.  Detection of C-reactive protein based on immunoassay using antibody-conjugated magnetic nanoparticles. , 2007, Analytical chemistry.

[177]  Joseph Irudayaraj,et al.  Separation and detection of multiple pathogens in a food matrix by magnetic SERS nanoprobes , 2011, Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry.

[178]  Wolfhard Semmler,et al.  Specific targeting of tumor angiogenesis by RGD-conjugated ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide particles using a clinical 1.5-T magnetic resonance scanner. , 2007, Cancer research.

[179]  K. Arihiro,et al.  A novel cell delivery system using magnetically labeled mesenchymal stem cells and an external magnetic device for clinical cartilage repair. , 2008, Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association.

[180]  J. Arias.  Advanced methodologies to formulate nanotheragnostic agents for combined drug delivery and imaging , 2011, Expert opinion on drug delivery.

[181]  Hiroyuki Honda,et al.  Novel methodology for fabrication of tissue-engineered tubular constructs using magnetite nanoparticles and magnetic force. , 2005, Tissue engineering.

[182]  Jae Hoon Kim,et al.  Simple, efficient, and reproducible gene transfection of mouse embryonic stem cells by magnetofection. , 2008, Stem cells and development.

[183]  Kai-Yi Wang,et al.  Ethylene glycol-protected magnetic nanoparticles for a multiplexed immunoassay in human plasma. , 2006, Small.

[184]  R Weissleder,et al.  In vivo imaging of proteolytic enzyme activity using a novel molecular reporter. , 2000, Cancer research.

[185]  Philippe Robert,et al.  Recent advances in iron oxide nanocrystal technology for medical imaging. , 2006, Advanced drug delivery reviews.

[186]  Hiroyuki Honda,et al.  Construction of multi‐layered cardiomyocyte sheets using magnetite nanoparticles and magnetic force , 2007, Biotechnology and bioengineering.

[187]  D. Perrier,et al.  Evaluation of drug delivery following the administration of magnetic albumin microspheres containing adriamycin to the rat. , 1989, Journal of pharmaceutical sciences.

[188]  C Alexiou,et al.  Clinical applications of magnetic drug targeting. , 2001, The Journal of surgical research.

[189]  Á. Delgado,et al.  Stabilization of magnetorheological suspensions by polyacrylic acid polymers. , 2005, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[190]  Vasilis Ntziachristos,et al.  Fluorescence Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Myocardial Macrophage Infiltration in Infarcted Myocardium In Vivo , 2007, Circulation.

[191]  W. L. Tan,et al.  A simple synthesis of size-reduce magnetite nano-crystals via aqueous to toluene phase-transfer method , 2007 .

[192]  P. Wust,et al.  Magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH): Cancer treatment with AC magnetic field induced excitation of biocompatible superparamagnetic nanoparticles , 1999 .

[193]  P. Couvreur,et al.  New magnetic drug carrier , 1983, The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology.

[194]  R. Felix,et al.  MRI after magnetic drug targeting in patients with advanced solid malignant tumors , 2004, European Radiology.

[195]  W. Weitschies,et al.  The effect of field parameters, nanoparticle properties and immobilization on the specific heating power in magnetic particle hyperthermia , 2006 .

[196]  Sébastien Lecommandoux,et al.  Smart hybrid magnetic self-assembled micelles and hollow capsules , 2005 .

[197]  Huaping Peng,et al.  Ferrocene-modified Fe3O4@SiO2 magnetic nanoparticles as building blocks for construction of reagentless enzyme-based biosensors , 2007 .

[198]  J C Gore,et al.  Pharmacokinetics of superparamagnetic iron-oxide MR contrast agents in the rat. , 1990, Investigative radiology.

[199]  Dongmei Xu,et al.  Conjugation of α-chymotrypsin on a polymeric hydrophilic nanolayer covering magnetic nanoparticles , 2006 .

[200]  V. Torchilin,et al.  Biodegradable long-circulating polymeric nanospheres. , 1994, Science.

[201]  F. Ris,et al.  Clinical Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Pancreatic Islet Grafts After Iron Nanoparticle Labeling , 2008, American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons.

[202]  J Henke,et al.  Magnetofection: enhancing and targeting gene delivery by magnetic force in vitro and in vivo , 2002, Gene Therapy.

[203]  Jui-Sheng Sun,et al.  Ex vivo magnetofection with magnetic nanoparticles: a novel platform for nonviral tissue engineering. , 2008, Artificial organs.

[204]  Wei Jiang,et al.  Embedding magnetic nanoparticles into polysaccharide-based hydrogels for magnetically assisted bioseparation. , 2007, Chemphyschem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry.

[205]  Hatem Fessi,et al.  Elaboration of PLLA-based superparamagnetic nanoparticles: characterization, magnetic behaviour study and in vitro relaxivity evaluation. , 2007, International journal of pharmaceutics.

[206]  Tae Song Kim,et al.  Development of a peptide inhibitor-based cantilever sensor assay for cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase. , 2007, Analytica chimica acta.

[207]  M. Borkovec,et al.  Coagulation Rate Measurements of Colloidal Particles by Simultaneous Static and Dynamic Light Scattering , 1996 .

[208]  R. Weissleder,et al.  In vivo imaging of tumors with protease-activated near-infrared fluorescent probes , 1999, Nature Biotechnology.

[209]  C. Marx,et al.  SPIO‐enhanced 2D‐TOF MR angiography of the portal venous system: Results of an intraindividual comparison , 1997, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[210]  Ruo Yuan,et al.  Ultrasensitive electrochemical immunosensor for clinical immunoassay using thionine-doped magnetic gold nanospheres as labels and horseradish peroxidase as enhancer. , 2008, Analytical chemistry.

[211]  D. Leslie-Pelecky,et al.  Biodistribution, clearance, and biocompatibility of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles in rats. , 2008, Molecular pharmaceutics.

[212]  Jin Y. Xie,et al.  Human serum albumin coated iron oxide nanoparticles for efficient cell labeling. , 2010, Chemical communications.

[213]  Xingping Zhou,et al.  Studies on Preparation of Photosensitizer Loaded Magnetic Silica Nanoparticles and Their Anti-Tumor Effects for Targeting Photodynamic Therapy , 2009, Nanoscale research letters.

[214]  T. A. Hatton,et al.  Structure of polymer-stabilized magnetic fluids: small-angle neutron scattering and mean-field lattice modeling. , 2004, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[215]  Sangjin Park,et al.  Drug-loaded superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for combined cancer imaging and therapy in vivo. , 2008, Angewandte Chemie.

[216]  W. Dittmer,et al.  Sensitive and rapid immunoassay for parathyroid hormone using magnetic particle labels and magnetic actuation. , 2008, Journal of immunological methods.

[217]  Hong-Zhuan Chen,et al.  In vivo tumor targeting of tumor necrosis factor-alpha-loaded stealth nanoparticles: effect of MePEG molecular weight and particle size. , 2006, European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences.

[218]  Ralph Weissleder,et al.  Magnetic relaxation switches capable of sensing molecular interactions , 2002, Nature Biotechnology.

[219]  Alex M. Fichtenholtz,et al.  Methotrexate-immobilized poly(ethylene glycol) magnetic nanoparticles for MR imaging and drug delivery. , 2006, Small.

[220]  R. Kole,et al.  Antisense Pharmacodynamics: Critical Issues in the Transport and Delivery of Antisense Oligonucleotides , 1999, Pharmaceutical Research.

[221]  Kang Sun,et al.  Cell-specific cytotoxicity of dextran-stabilized magnetite nanoparticles. , 2010, Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces.

[222]  Jan Grimm,et al.  Drug/dye-loaded, multifunctional iron oxide nanoparticles for combined targeted cancer therapy and dual optical/magnetic resonance imaging. , 2009, Small.

[223]  C. Posten,et al.  Characterization of magnetic ion-exchange composites for protein separation from biosuspensions. , 2008, Journal of bioscience and bioengineering.

[224]  H. Pizem,et al.  Alkyl Phosphonate/Phosphate Coating on Magnetite Nanoparticles: A Comparison with Fatty Acids , 2001 .

[225]  Borys Shuter,et al.  Solvent-free atom transfer radical polymerization for the preparation of poly(poly(ethyleneglycol) monomethacrylate)-grafted Fe3O4 nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization and cellular uptake. , 2007, Biomaterials.

[226]  S. Zahler,et al.  Magnetofection--a highly efficient tool for antisense oligonucleotide delivery in vitro and in vivo. , 2003, Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy.

[227]  Jeff W. M. Bulte,et al.  Synthesis and Characterization of Soluble Iron Oxide−Dendrimer Composites , 2001 .

[228]  Robert J Levy,et al.  Endothelial delivery of antioxidant enzymes loaded into non-polymeric magnetic nanoparticles. , 2010, Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society.

[229]  Eva Syková,et al.  Poly(L-lysine)-modified iron oxide nanoparticles for stem cell labeling. , 2008, Bioconjugate chemistry.

[230]  S. Caruthers,et al.  Three‐dimensional MR mapping of angiogenesis with α5β1(αvβ3)‐targeted theranostic nanoparticles in the MDA‐MB‐435 xenograft mouse model , 2008, FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.

[231]  Jinwoo Cheon,et al.  Biocompatible heterostructured nanoparticles for multimodal biological detection. , 2006, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[232]  H. Karlsson,et al.  Size-dependent toxicity of metal oxide particles--a comparison between nano- and micrometer size. , 2009, Toxicology letters.

[233]  C. Reutelingsperger,et al.  Annexin V-affinity assay: a review on an apoptosis detection system based on phosphatidylserine exposure. , 1998, Cytometry.

[234]  Guodong Liu,et al.  Sensitive electrochemical immunoassay for 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene based on functionalized silica nanoparticle labels. , 2008, Analytica chimica acta.

[235]  Ralph Weissleder,et al.  Viral-induced self-assembly of magnetic nanoparticles allows the detection of viral particles in biological media. , 2003, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[236]  Emmanuel Trizac,et al.  Hydrodynamics within the electric double layer on slipping surfaces. , 2004, Physical review letters.

[237]  Raimon Sabaté,et al.  Preparation and characterization of extruded magnetoliposomes. , 2008, International journal of pharmaceutics.

[238]  Myung-Hyun Lee,et al.  Surface-modified magnetite nanoparticles for hyperthermia: Preparation, characterization, and cytotoxicity studies , 2006 .

[239]  C. Lasseur,et al.  USPIO-enhanced MR imaging of macrophage infiltration in native and transplanted kidneys: initial results in humans , 2007, European Radiology.

[240]  Peter Wust,et al.  Endocytosis of dextran and silan-coated magnetite nanoparticles and the effect of intracellular hyperthermia on human mammary carcinoma cells in vitro , 1999 .

[241]  J. H. Kim,et al.  Biological and thermic effects of magnetic fluids for photodynamic therapy and hyperthermia , 2006 .

[242]  Á. Delgado,et al.  Tegafur loading and release properties of magnetite/poly(alkylcyanoacrylate) (core/shell) nanoparticles. , 2008, Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society.

[243]  R. Misra,et al.  Magnetic drug-targeting carrier encapsulated with thermosensitive smart polymer: core-shell nanoparticle carrier and drug release response. , 2007, Acta biomaterialia.

[244]  J. Bulte,et al.  Preparation, relaxometry, and biokinetics of PEGylated magnetoliposomes as MR contrast agent , 1999 .

[245]  M. Port,et al.  Physicochemical characterization of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (USPIO) for biomedical application as MRI contrast agents , 2007, International journal of nanomedicine.

[246]  J. Frank,et al.  Optimization and Validation of FePro Cell Labeling Method , 2009, PloS one.

[247]  S. Müller.  Magnetic fluid hyperthermia therapy for malignant brain tumors--an ethical discussion. , 2009, Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine.

[248]  J. Santamaría,et al.  Sustained release of doxorubicin from zeolite–magnetite nanocomposites prepared by mechanical activation , 2006, Nanotechnology.

[249]  Martin A M Gijs,et al.  Full on-chip nanoliter immunoassay by geometrical magnetic trapping of nanoparticle chains. , 2008, Analytical chemistry.

[250]  A. Tedesco,et al.  Binding and photophysical studies of biocompatible magnetic fluid in biological medium and development of magnetic nanoemulsion: A new candidate for cancer treatment , 2007 .

[251]  Atle Bjørnerud,et al.  Hepatic cellular distribution and degradation of iron oxide nanoparticles following single intravenous injection in rats: implications for magnetic resonance imaging , 2004, Cell and Tissue Research.

[252]  Y. Li,et al.  In vitro and in vivo antitumor effects of doxorubicin loaded with bacterial magnetosomes (DBMs) on H22 cells: the magnetic bio-nanoparticles as drug carriers. , 2007, Cancer letters.

[253]  Giles Richardson,et al.  Mathematical modelling of magnetically targeted drug delivery , 2005 .

[254]  Aloke V. Finn,et al.  Atherosclerotic Plaque Progression and Vulnerability to Rupture: Angiogenesis as a Source of Intraplaque Hemorrhage , 2005, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

[255]  K. Widder,et al.  Magnetic guidance of drug‐carrying microspheres , 1978 .

[256]  D. K. Kim,et al.  The Effect of Biocompatible Coating Layers on Magnetic Properties of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles , 2004 .

[257]  P. Adriaensens,et al.  Visualisation of the kinetics of macrophage infiltration during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by magnetic resonance imaging , 2008, Journal of Neuroimmunology.

[258]  L. J. Lee,et al.  Cationic lipid-coated magnetic nanoparticles associated with transferrin for gene delivery. , 2008, International journal of pharmaceutics.

[259]  W. Oyen,et al.  Factors affecting the accelerated blood clearance of polyethylene glycol-liposomes upon repeated injection. , 2001, The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics.

[260]  Dongmei Xu,et al.  Stabilization of alpha-chymotrypsin by covalent immobilization on amine-functionalized superparamagnetic nanogel. , 2007, Journal of biotechnology.

[261]  Mark W. Dewhirst,et al.  Review Hyperthermia and liposomes , 1999 .

[262]  D. Pang,et al.  Visual recognition and efficient isolation of apoptotic cells with fluorescent-magnetic-biotargeting multifunctional nanospheres. , 2007, Clinical chemistry.

[263]  C. Marquina,et al.  Magnetic nanoparticles for local drug delivery using magnetic implants , 2007 .

[264]  H. Honda,et al.  Augmentation of MHC class I antigen presentation via heat shock protein expression by hyperthermia , 2001, Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy.

[265]  M. Antonietti,et al.  Elastic magnets: Template-controlled mineralization of iron oxide colloids in a sponge-like gel matrix. , 1998 .

[266]  M. Young,et al.  Targeting of cancer cells with ferrimagnetic ferritin cage nanoparticles. , 2006, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[267]  E. Neuwelt,et al.  Imaging of iron oxide nanoparticles by MR and light microscopy in patients with malignant brain tumours , 2004, Neuropathology and applied neurobiology.

[268]  L. Rossi,et al.  Methylene blue-containing silica-coated magnetic particles: a potential magnetic carrier for photodynamic therapy. , 2007, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[269]  Enzo Terreno,et al.  Challenges for molecular magnetic resonance imaging. , 2010, Chemical reviews.

[270]  A. V. Gelder,et al.  Kinetics of magnetic flocculation. II. Flocculation of coarse particles , 1990 .

[271]  S. Haam,et al.  Multifunctional magneto-polymeric nanohybrids for targeted detection and synergistic therapeutic effects on breast cancer. , 2007, Angewandte Chemie.

[272]  Shuxian Bi,et al.  In-situ formation of Fe3O4 nanoparticles within the thermosensitive hairy hybrid particles , 2008 .

[273]  Anna Cristina S. Samia,et al.  Synthesis, assembly and physical properties of magnetic nanoparticles , 2006 .

[274]  J. Bacri,et al.  Size-sorted anionic iron oxide nanomagnets as colloidal mediators for magnetic hyperthermia. , 2007, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[275]  Everett E. Carpenter,et al.  Iron nanoparticles as potential magnetic carriers , 2001 .

[276]  H. Küchenhoff,et al.  Intra-tumoral gene delivery of feIL-2, feIFN-gamma and feGM-CSF using magnetofection as a neoadjuvant treatment option for feline fibrosarcomas: a phase-I study. , 2007, Journal of veterinary medicine. A, Physiology, pathology, clinical medicine.

[277]  L. Vlahos,et al.  Diagnostic efficacy and safety of MRI of the liver with superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (SH U 555 A) , 2001, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[278]  Jain Kk,et al.  Nanodiagnostics: application of nanotechnology in molecular diagnostics , 2003, Expert review of molecular diagnostics.

[279]  Ralph Weissleder,et al.  Differential conjugation of tat peptide to superparamagnetic nanoparticles and its effect on cellular uptake. , 2002, Bioconjugate chemistry.

[280]  O. Kuznetsov,et al.  Application of magnetic liposomes for magnetically guided transport of muscle relaxants and anti-cancer photodynamic drugs , 2001 .

[281]  H. Hofmann,et al.  Please Scroll down for Article Journal of Microencapsulation Co-encapsulation of Dexamethasone 21-acetate and Spions into Biodegradable Polymeric Microparticles Designed for Intra-articular Delivery Co-encapsulation of Dexamethasone 21-acetate and Spions into Biodegradable Polymeric Microparticles D , 2022 .

[282]  R. Liu,et al.  Toxicology Studies of a Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticle In Vivo , 2008 .

[283]  Mansoor Amiji,et al.  Targeting stents with local delivery of paclitaxel-loaded magnetic nanoparticles using uniform fields , 2010, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[284]  Sungho Jin,et al.  Magnetic nanoparticles for theragnostics. , 2009, Advanced drug delivery reviews.

[285]  H. Itoh,et al.  Systematic control of size, shape, structure, and magnetic properties of uniform magnetite and maghemite particles. , 2003, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[286]  Abraham Ulman,et al.  Activity of Candida rugosa lipase immobilized on gamma-Fe2O3 magnetic nanoparticles. , 2003, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[287]  D. Schüler,et al.  Formation of magnetosomes in magnetotactic bacteria. , 1999, Journal of molecular microbiology and biotechnology.

[288]  Sabino Veintemillas-Verdaguer,et al.  Surface and Internal Spin Canting in γ-Fe2O3 Nanoparticles , 1999 .

[289]  A. Kondo,et al.  Separation of Murine Neutrophils and Macrophages by Thermoresponsive Magnetic Nanoparticles , 2007, Biotechnology progress.

[290]  You Qiang,et al.  Iron/iron oxide core-shell nanoclusters for biomedical applications , 2006 .

[291]  Jens Ricke,et al.  Magnetic nanoparticles for interstitial thermotherapy – feasibility, tolerance and achieved temperatures , 2006, International journal of hyperthermia : the official journal of European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology, North American Hyperthermia Group.

[292]  E. Mallon,et al.  Poor survival outcomes in HER2-positive breast cancer patients with low-grade, node-negative tumours , 2008, British Journal of Cancer.

[293]  J. Xing,et al.  Surface functionalization and characterization of magnetic polystyrene microbeads. , 2008, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[294]  Hiroshi Maeda,et al.  Tumor-selective delivery of macromolecular drugs via the EPR effect: background and future prospects. , 2010, Bioconjugate chemistry.

[295]  D. Goodman,et al.  Nucleation and Growth of Phosphate on Metal Oxide Thin Films , 1998 .

[296]  Xiuping Jiang,et al.  Rapid detection of Listeria monocytogenes by nanoparticle-based immunomagnetic separation and real-time PCR. , 2007, International journal of food microbiology.

[297]  Gregory F Payne,et al.  Magnetic nanofactories: localized synthesis and delivery of quorum-sensing signaling molecule autoinducer-2 to bacterial cell surfaces. , 2007, Metabolic engineering.

[298]  San-Yuan Chen,et al.  Study on controlled drug permeation of magnetic-sensitive ferrogels: effect of Fe3O4 and PVA. , 2008, Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society.

[299]  D Needham,et al.  A new temperature-sensitive liposome for use with mild hyperthermia: characterization and testing in a human tumor xenograft model. , 2000, Cancer research.

[300]  V. Torchilin.  Recent advances with liposomes as pharmaceutical carriers , 2005, Nature Reviews Drug Discovery.

[301]  P. Low,et al.  Folate receptor-targeted drugs for cancer and inflammatory diseases. , 2004, Advanced drug delivery reviews.

[302]  Miqin Zhang,et al.  Methotrexate-modified superparamagnetic nanoparticles and their intracellular uptake into human cancer cells. , 2005, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[303]  M Laird Forrest,et al.  Effects of nanomaterial physicochemical properties on in vivo toxicity. , 2009, Advanced drug delivery reviews.

[304]  Tae-Jong Yoon,et al.  Toxicity and tissue distribution of magnetic nanoparticles in mice. , 2006, Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology.

[305]  Á. Delgado,et al.  Magnetic colloids as drug vehicles. , 2008, Journal of pharmaceutical sciences.

[306]  H. Ohshima,et al.  Approximate analytic expressions for the electrophoretic mobility of spherical colloidal particles and the conductivity of their dilute suspensions , 1983 .

[307]  W. Smith,et al.  Immunoassay for P38 MAPK using surface enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy (SERRS). , 2008, The Analyst.

[308]  W. Pegios,et al.  Superparamagnetic iron oxide--enhanced versus gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging for differential diagnosis of focal liver lesions. , 1996, Radiology.

[309]  S M Moghimi,et al.  Long-circulating and target-specific nanoparticles: theory to practice. , 2001, Pharmacological reviews.

[310]  A. Curtis,et al.  Surface modified superparamagnetic nanoparticles for drug delivery: Interaction studies with human fibroblasts in culture , 2004, Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine.

[311]  B. Griffith,et al.  A novel approach with magnetic resonance imaging used for the detection of lung allograft rejection. , 2000, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[312]  M. D. Rowe,et al.  Polymer-modified gadolinium metal-organic framework nanoparticles used as multifunctional nanomedicines for the targeted imaging and treatment of cancer. , 2009, Biomacromolecules.

[313]  Claire Wilhelm,et al.  The effect of magnetic targeting on the uptake of magnetic-fluid-loaded liposomes by human prostatic adenocarcinoma cells. , 2008, Biomaterials.

[314]  Á. Delgado,et al.  Magnetic properties of extremely bimodal magnetite suspensions , 2007 .

[315]  Hakho Lee,et al.  Magnetic nanoparticle biosensors. , 2010, Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology.

[316]  K. Widder,et al.  Selective targeting of magnetic albumin microspheres containing low-dose doxorubicin: total remission in Yoshida sarcoma-bearing rats. , 1983, European journal of cancer & clinical oncology.

[317]  S. Zurn,et al.  Self-heating characteristics of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles for hyperthermia application , 2007 .

[318]  S. Charles,et al.  Properties and applications of magnetic liquids , 1982 .

[319]  Ralph Weissleder,et al.  Tat peptide directs enhanced clearance and hepatic permeability of magnetic nanoparticles. , 2002, Bioconjugate chemistry.

[320]  Eva Syková,et al.  Imaging the fate of implanted bone marrow stromal cells labeled with superparamagnetic nanoparticles , 2003, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[321]  F. Szoka,et al.  Lipid-based Nanoparticles for Nucleic Acid Delivery , 2007, Pharmaceutical Research.

[322]  R. Weissleder,et al.  Molecular Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Cardiovascular Medicine , 2007, Circulation.

[323]  R J van der Geest,et al.  Ultrasmall superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide (USPIO) MR imaging of infarcted myocardium in pigs. , 1998, Magnetic resonance imaging.

[324]  S. Sharma,et al.  Activity and stability of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) immobilized onto magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4). , 2007, Journal of biotechnology.

[325]  Dai-Wen Pang,et al.  Biofunctionalization of fluorescent-magnetic-bifunctional nanospheres and their applications. , 2005, Chemical communications.

[326]  Ivo Vávra,et al.  Encapsulation of indomethacin in magnetic biodegradable polymer nanoparticles , 2007 .

[327]  S. B. Deshpande,et al.  Microwave hydrothermal preparation of submicron-sized spherical magnetite (Fe3O4) powders , 2002 .

[328]  H. Honda,et al.  Mag-seeding of rat bone marrow stromal cells into porous hydroxyapatite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. , 2007, Journal of bioscience and bioengineering.

[329]  C. Nakamura,et al.  Application of bacterial magnetic particles as novel DNA carriers for ballistic transformation of a marine cyanobacterium , 1995 .

[330]  J. Caillé,et al.  MR imaging of relapsing multiple sclerosis patients using ultra-small-particle iron oxide and compared with gadolinium. , 2006, AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology.

[331]  G. Borchard,et al.  Interaction of serum components with poly(methylmethacrylate) nanoparticles and the resulting body distribution after intravenous injection in rats. , 1993, Journal of drug targeting.

[332]  R. Nelson,et al.  Superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (SH U 555 A): evaluation of efficacy in three doses for hepatic MR imaging. , 1998, Radiology.

[333]  Omid C. Farokhzad,et al.  Nanoparticle-Aptamer Bioconjugates , 2004, Cancer Research.

[334]  S. Haam,et al.  Magnetic PECA nanoparticles as drug carriers for targeted delivery: Synthesis and release characteristics , 2006, Journal of microencapsulation.

[335]  Dmitri Artemov,et al.  Magnetic resonance molecular imaging of the HER-2/neu receptor. , 2003, Cancer research.

[336]  C. Sangregorio,et al.  Structural and Magnetic Properties of Fe2O3 Nanoparticles Dispersed over a Silica Matrix , 1998 .

[337]  A. Darzi,et al.  Diagnostic precision of nanoparticle-enhanced MRI for lymph-node metastases: a meta-analysis. , 2006, The Lancet Oncology.

[338]  R Weissleder,et al.  Superparamagnetic iron oxide: pharmacokinetics and toxicity. , 1989, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[339]  A. Curtis,et al.  Dextran and albumin derivatised iron oxide nanoparticles: influence on fibroblasts in vitro. , 2003, Biomaterials.

[340]  Jin Chang,et al.  PEGlated magnetic polymeric liposome anchored with TAT for delivery of drugs across the blood-spinal cord barrier. , 2010, Biomaterials.

[341]  Y. Chai,et al.  Magneto-controlled bioelectronics for the antigen–antibody interaction based on magnetic-core/gold-shell nanoparticles functionalized biomimetic interface , 2008, Bioprocess and biosystems engineering.

[342]  H. Tsai,et al.  Determination of hepatitis B surface antigen using magnetic immunoassays in a thin channel. , 2010, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[343]  R. Misra,et al.  On the chemical synthesis and drug delivery response of folate receptor-activated, polyethylene glycol-functionalized magnetite nanoparticles. , 2008, Acta biomaterialia.

[344]  G. Barratt,et al.  Nanotechnologies and controlled release systems for the delivery of antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering RNA , 2009, British journal of pharmacology.

[345]  S. A. Gómez-Lopera,et al.  Synthesis and characterization of poly(ethyl-2-cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles with a magnetic core. , 2001, Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society.

[346]  Y. Leconte,et al.  Continuous production of inorganic magnetic nanocomposites for biomedical applications by laser pyrolysis , 2007 .

[347]  H. Maeda.  The enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect in tumor vasculature: the key role of tumor-selective macromolecular drug targeting. , 2001, Advances in enzyme regulation.

[348]  M. Senna,et al.  Preparation of Ultrafine Fe3O4Particles by Precipitation in the Presence of PVA at High pH , 1996 .

[349]  Gareth J.S. Jenkins,et al.  Potential toxicity of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) , 2010, Nano reviews.

[350]  C. Alexiou,et al.  In vitro and in vivo investigations of targeted chemotherapy with magnetic nanoparticles , 2005 .

[351]  R. Weissleder,et al.  Ferumoxtran-10-enhanced MR lymphangiography: does contrast-enhanced imaging alone suffice for accurate lymph node characterization? , 2006, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[352]  Joshua E. Smith,et al.  Aptamer-conjugated nanoparticles for the collection and detection of multiple cancer cells. , 2007, Analytical chemistry.

[353]  Ke‐long Huang,et al.  Preparation and characterization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae alcohol dehydrogenase immobilized on magnetic nanoparticles. , 2008, International journal of biological macromolecules.

[354]  Feng Gao,et al.  Fluoroimmunoassay for antigen based on fluorescence quenching signal of gold nanoparticles. , 2006, Analytical chemistry.

[355]  J. Gillard,et al.  Identifying Inflamed Carotid Plaques Using In Vivo USPIO-Enhanced MR Imaging to Label Plaque Macrophages , 2006, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

[356]  M. Nakajima,et al.  Production of chitosan oligosaccharides using chitosanase immobilized on amylose-coated magnetic nanoparticles , 2008 .

[357]  James I. Cohen,et al.  Comparison of two superparamagnetic viral-sized iron oxide particles ferumoxides and ferumoxtran-10 with a gadolinium chelate in imaging intracranial tumors. , 2002, AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology.

[358]  H. Winnischofer,et al.  Structure and morphology of spinel MFe2O4 (M=Fe, Co, Ni) nanoparticles chemically synthesized from heterometallic complexes. , 2011, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[359]  Ralph Weissleder,et al.  Tat peptide-derivatized magnetic nanoparticles allow in vivo tracking and recovery of progenitor cells , 2000, Nature Biotechnology.

[360]  B. Künnecke,et al.  Monoclonal antibody‐coated magnetite particles as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging of tumors , 1989, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[361]  Bruce D Hammock,et al.  Multiplexed immunoassays for proteins using magnetic luminescent nanoparticles for internal calibration. , 2007, Analytical biochemistry.

[362]  Arend Heerschap,et al.  Magnetic resonance tracking of dendritic cells in melanoma patients for monitoring of cellular therapy , 2005, Nature Biotechnology.

[363]  J. Leor,et al.  Iron-Oxide Labeling and Outcome of Transplanted Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Infarcted Myocardium , 2007, Circulation.

[364]  Yu-Chuan Su,et al.  Iron-oxide embedded solid lipid nanoparticles for magnetically controlled heating and drug delivery , 2008, Biomedical microdevices.

[365]  J. Molina-Bolívar,et al.  Study of the colloidal stability of an amphoteric latex , 2003 .

[366]  Hiroyuki Honda,et al.  Complete regression of mouse mammary carcinoma with a size greater than 15 mm by frequent repeated hyperthermia using magnetite nanoparticles. , 2003, Journal of bioscience and bioengineering.

[367]  Gil U. Lee,et al.  Synthesis and characterization of paramagnetic microparticles through emulsion-templated free radical polymerization. , 2006, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[368]  Anna Moore,et al.  In vivo imaging of islet transplantation , 2006, Nature Medicine.

[369]  Abdallah,et al.  Gene transfer with lipospermines and polyethylenimines. , 1998, Advanced drug delivery reviews.

[370]  J. Arias,et al.  Drug targeting strategies in cancer treatment: an overview. , 2011, Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry.

[371]  K. Eichler,et al.  Superparamagnetic iron oxide-enhanced MR imaging of head and neck lymph nodes. , 2002, Radiology.

[372]  Dario Kriz,et al.  Rapid one-step whole blood C–reactive protein magnetic permeability immunoassay with monoclonal antibody conjugated nanoparticles as superparamagnetic labels and enhanced sedimentation , 2006, Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry.

[373]  D. Huhn,et al.  Preclinical experiences with magnetic drug targeting: tolerance and efficacy. , 1996, Cancer research.

[374]  Donghoon Lee,et al.  Optical and MRI multifunctional nanoprobe for targeting gliomas. , 2005, Nano letters.

[375]  G. Barratt,et al.  Colloidal drug carriers: achievements and perspectives , 2003, Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences CMLS.

[376]  Dong-Hwang Chen,et al.  Rapid removal of heavy metal cations and anions from aqueous solutions by an amino-functionalized magnetic nano-adsorbent. , 2009, Journal of hazardous materials.

[377]  Hiroyuki Honda,et al.  The effect of RGD peptide-conjugated magnetite cationic liposomes on cell growth and cell sheet harvesting. , 2005, Biomaterials.

[378]  T. Ishida,et al.  Accelerated blood clearance (ABC) phenomenon upon repeated injection of PEGylated liposomes. , 2008, International journal of pharmaceutics.

[379]  Rashmi R. Gupta,et al.  Magnetically Guided Release of Ciprofloxacin from Superparamagnetic Polymer Nanocomposites , 2011, Journal of biomaterials science. Polymer edition.

[380]  Chenjie Xu,et al.  Monodisperse magnetic nanoparticles for biomedical applications , 2006 .

[381]  M. Hashida,et al.  Control of in vivo fate of albumin derivatives utilizing combined chemical modification. , 1994, Journal of drug targeting (Print).

[382]  Christof M Niemeyer,et al.  Magneto immuno-PCR: a novel immunoassay based on biogenic magnetosome nanoparticles. , 2007, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[383]  Zheng Guo,et al.  Resolution of (±)-menthol by immobilized Candida rugosa lipase on superparamagnetic nanoparticles , 2006 .

[384]  Gabriele Multhoff,et al.  A stress‐inducible 72‐kDa heat‐shock protein (HSP72) is expressed on the surface of human tumor cells, but not on normal cells , 1995, International journal of cancer.

[385]  T. Ohta,et al.  Inorganic nanocrystal self-assembly via the inclusion interaction of beta-cyclodextrins: toward 3D spherical magnetite. , 2005, The journal of physical chemistry. B.

[386]  G. M. Costa,et al.  Synthesis and Characterization of Some Iron Oxides by Sol-Gel Method , 1994 .

[387]  N. Enomoto,et al.  Sonochemical powder processing of iron hydroxides , 1996 .

[388]  Ying Li,et al.  Temperature-responsive magnetite/PEO-PPO-PEO block copolymer nanoparticles for controlled drug targeting delivery. , 2007, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[389]  E. Plow,et al.  Integrin-ligand interactions: a year in review. , 1994, Current opinion in cell biology.

[390]  L. Tiefenauer,et al.  Antibody-magnetite nanoparticles: in vitro characterization of a potential tumor-specific contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging. , 1993, Bioconjugate chemistry.

[391]  Á. Delgado,et al.  Development of carbonyl iron/ethylcellulose core/shell nanoparticles for biomedical applications. , 2007, International journal of pharmaceutics.

[392]  Paras N Prasad,et al.  Diacyllipid micelle-based nanocarrier for magnetically guided delivery of drugs in photodynamic therapy. , 2006, Molecular pharmaceutics.

[393]  K. Jang,et al.  N-hexanoyl chitosan-stabilized magnetic nanoparticles: enhancement of adenoviral-mediated gene expression both in vitro and in vivo. , 2008, Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine.

[394]  Ingrid Hilger,et al.  Thermal Ablation of Tumors Using Magnetic Nanoparticles: An In Vivo Feasibility Study , 2002, Investigative radiology.

[395]  Hiroyuki Honda,et al.  Enhanced Angiogenesis by Transplantation of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Sheet Created by a Novel Magnetic Tissue Engineering Method , 2011, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

[396]  Jean-Paul Fortin,et al.  Intracellular heating of living cells through Néel relaxation of magnetic nanoparticles , 2008, European Biophysics Journal.

[397]  Hao Zeng,et al.  Monodisperse MFe2O4 (M = Fe, Co, Mn) nanoparticles. , 2004, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[398]  C. Serna,et al.  Uniform colloidal particles in solution: Formation mechanisms , 1995 .

[399]  Do Kyung Kim,et al.  Antibiofouling polymer-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as potential magnetic resonance contrast agents for in vivo cancer imaging. , 2006, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[400]  Dongmei Xu,et al.  Covalent binding of α-chymotrypsin on the magnetic nanogels covered by amino groups , 2007 .

[401]  C. Xie,et al.  Using anti-VEGF McAb and magnetic nanoparticles as double-targeting vector for the radioimmunotherapy of liver cancer. , 2006, Cancer letters.

[402]  G. Frija,et al.  MR lymphography with superparamagnetic iron nanoparticles in rats: pathologic basis for contrast enhancement. , 1994, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[403]  E. Pujade-Lauraine,et al.  HER-2 overexpression is an independent marker of poor prognosis of advanced primary ovarian carcinoma: a multicenter study of the GINECO group. , 2004, Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology.

[404]  R. Xu.  Shear plane and hydrodynamic diameter of microspheres in suspension , 1998 .

[405]  J. Rivas,et al.  Preparation of magnetic fluids with particles obtained in microemulsions , 1997 .

[406]  K. Krishnan,et al.  Synthesis of magnetoliposomes with monodisperse iron oxide nanocrystal cores for hyperthermia , 2005 .

[407]  H. Hofmann,et al.  Superparamagnetic nanoparticles for biomedical applications: Possibilities and limitations of a new drug delivery system , 2005 .

[408]  C. Claussen,et al.  MR imaging of the liver with Resovist: safety, efficacy, and pharmacodynamic properties. , 1997, Radiology.

[409]  M. Mandal,et al.  Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Assisted Purification and Mass Spectrometry Based Proteolytic Mapping of Intact CD4+T Cells from Human Blood , 2008, Preparative biochemistry & biotechnology.

[410]  Jeremy N Skepper,et al.  Effect of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Ferumoxtran-10) on human monocyte-macrophages in vitro. , 2007, Biomaterials.

[411]  Feng Dang,et al.  Sonochemical synthesis of monodispersed magnetite nanoparticles by using an ethanol-water mixed solvent. , 2009, Ultrasonics sonochemistry.

[412]  C. Kaittanis,et al.  Rapid Nanoparticle-Mediated Monitoring of Bacterial Metabolic Activity and Assessment of Antimicrobial Susceptibility in Blood with Magnetic Relaxation , 2008, PloS one.

[413]  W Andrä,et al.  Electromagnetic heating of breast tumors in interventional radiology: in vitro and in vivo studies in human cadavers and mice. , 2001, Radiology.

[414]  William E Bentley,et al.  AI‐2 biosynthesis module in a magnetic nanofactory alters bacterial response via localized synthesis and delivery , 2009, Biotechnology and bioengineering.

[415]  Juan de Vicente,et al.  Evidence of direct crystal growth and presence of hollow microspheres in magnetite particles prepared by oxidation of Fe(OH)2. , 2008, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[416]  Jan Grimm,et al.  Novel Nanosensors for Rapid Analysis of Telomerase Activity , 2004, Cancer Research.

[417]  R Weissleder,et al.  High-efficiency intracellular magnetic labeling with novel superparamagnetic-Tat peptide conjugates. , 1999, Bioconjugate chemistry.

[418]  Xiang-ke Du,et al.  Specific targeting of breast tumor by octreotide-conjugated ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide particles using a clinical 3.0-tesla magnetic resonance scanner , 2009, Acta radiologica.

[419]  Tsuneji Nagai,et al.  Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles stabilized by alginate: pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and applications in detecting liver cancers. , 2008, International journal of pharmaceutics.

[420]  Jin Luo,et al.  Fabrication of magnetic core@shell Fe oxide@Au nanoparticles for interfacial bioactivity and bio-separation. , 2007, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[421]  A. Tsourkas,et al.  Imaging circulating cells and lymphoid tissues with iron oxide nanoparticles. , 2009, Hematology. American Society of Hematology. Education Program.

[422]  Eric Pridgen,et al.  Factors Affecting the Clearance and Biodistribution of Polymeric Nanoparticles , 2008, Molecular pharmaceutics.

[423]  J. A. Ritter,et al.  Analysis of magnetic drug carrier particle capture by a magnetizable intravascular stent: 1. Parametric study with single wire correlation , 2004 .

[424]  J. Holcombe,et al.  Magnetic gamma-Fe(2)O(3) nanoparticles coated with poly-l-cysteine for chelation of As(III), Cu(II), Cd(II), Ni(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II). , 2009, Journal of hazardous materials.

[425]  P. Couvreur,et al.  Nanotechnology for therapy and imaging of liver diseases. , 2011, Journal of hepatology.

[426]  F. Farzaneh,et al.  Streptavidin paramagnetic particles provide a choice of three affinity-based capture and magnetic concentration strategies for retroviral vectors. , 2001, Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy.

[427]  R. Weissleder,et al.  Cellular Uptake and Trafficking of a Prototypical Magnetic Iron Oxide Label In Vitro , 1995, Investigative radiology.

[428]  G. Frija,et al.  Liver positive enhancement after injection of superparamagnetic nanoparticles: respective role of circulating and uptaken particles. , 1997, Magnetic resonance imaging.

[429]  Sungho Jin,et al.  Nanotoxicity of iron oxide nanoparticle internalization in growing neurons. , 2007, Biomaterials.

[430]  Wenwei Lu,et al.  Tracking Intrahepatically Transplanted Islets Labeled With Feridex-Polyethyleneimine Complex Using a Clinical 3.0-T Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scanner , 2009, Pancreas.

[431]  C. Frommen,et al.  Synthesis of gadolinium oxide magnetoliposomes for magnetic resonance imaging , 2000 .

[432]  J. Dietemann,et al.  MRI of macrophages in infectious knee synovitis. , 2010, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[433]  Conroy Sun,et al.  Self-Assembled Coatings on Individual Monodisperse Magnetite Nanoparticles for Efficient Intracellular Uptake , 2004, Biomedical microdevices.

[434]  J. Kjems,et al.  Size-Dependent Accumulation of PEGylated Silane-Coated Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Murine Tumors. , 2009, ACS nano.

[435]  R. Venkatasubramanian,et al.  A stimulus-responsive magnetic nanoparticle drug carrier: magnetite encapsulated by chitosan-grafted-copolymer. , 2008, Acta biomaterialia.

[436]  Y. Yamashita,et al.  The value of fast and ultrafast T2-weighted MR imaging sequences in hepatic enhancement with ferumoxides: comparison with conventional spin-echo sequence. , 2000, Radiation medicine.

[437]  S. A. Gómez-Lopera,et al.  Colloidal stability of magnetite/poly(lactic acid) core/shell nanoparticles. , 2006, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[438]  C. W. Jung.  Surface properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide MR contrast agents: ferumoxides, ferumoxtran, ferumoxsil. , 1995, Magnetic resonance imaging.

[439]  S. A. Gómez-Lopera,et al.  Synthesis and Characterization of Spherical Magnetite/Biodegradable Polymer Composite Particles. , 2001, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[440]  Jae-pyoung Ahn,et al.  Synthesis and surface modification of hydrophobic magnetite to processible magnetite@silica-propylamine , 2005 .

[441]  Robert Langer,et al.  Quantum dot-aptamer conjugates for synchronous cancer imaging, therapy, and sensing of drug delivery based on bi-fluorescence resonance energy transfer. , 2007, Nano letters.

[442]  O. Marinică,et al.  Iron/iron oxides core–shell nanoparticles by laser pyrolysis: Structural characterization and enhanced particle dispersion , 2007 .

[443]  R. Gurny,et al.  State of the art in the delivery of photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy. , 2002, Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology.

[444]  P. Weidler,et al.  Ferromagnetic resonance and magnetic characteristics of intact magnetosome chains in Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense , 2008 .

[445]  P. Dumas,et al.  Poly(ethylene glycol) Surface Coated Magnetic Particles , 2005 .

[446]  J. Rosenecker,et al.  Insights into the mechanism of magnetofection using PEI‐based magnetofectins for gene transfer , 2004, The journal of gene medicine.

[447]  E. Rummeny,et al.  Migration of iron oxide-labeled human hematopoietic progenitor cells in a mouse model: in vivo monitoring with 1.5-T MR imaging equipment. , 2005, Radiology.

[448]  C. Robic,et al.  Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: synthesis, stabilization, vectorization, physicochemical characterizations, and biological applications. , 2008, Chemical reviews.

[449]  R. Ramanujan,et al.  Magnetic PNIPA hydrogels for hyperthermia applications in cancer therapy , 2007 .

[450]  Christian Bergemann,et al.  Physiological aspects in magnetic drug-targeting , 1999 .

[451]  E. Neuwelt,et al.  In vivo leukocyte labeling with intravenous ferumoxides/protamine sulfate complex and in vitro characterization for cellular magnetic resonance imaging. , 2007, American journal of physiology. Cell physiology.

[452]  G. Link,et al.  Action of chelators in iron-loaded cardiac cells: Accessibility to intracellular labile iron and functional consequences. , 2006, Blood.

[453]  Etienne Duguet,et al.  Magnetic nanoparticle design for medical applications , 2006 .

[454]  Werner A. Kaiser,et al.  Towards breast cancer treatment by magnetic heating , 2005 .

[455]  Forrest M Kievit,et al.  PEI–PEG–Chitosan‐Copolymer‐Coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Safe Gene Delivery: Synthesis, Complexation, and Transfection , 2009, Advanced functional materials.

[456]  E. Alocilja,et al.  Electrically active polyaniline coated magnetic (EAPM) nanoparticle as novel transducer in biosensor for detection of Bacillus anthracis spores in food samples. , 2009, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[457]  P. Morais,et al.  Biological effects of magnetic fluids: toxicity studies , 1999 .

[458]  Barbara L. Knutson,et al.  Supercritical fluids as solvents for chemical and materials processing , 1996, Nature.

[459]  R Weissleder,et al.  Monocrystalline iron oxide nanocompounds (MION): Physicochemical properties , 1993, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[460]  Vladimir Mironov,et al.  Nanotechnology in vascular tissue engineering: from nanoscaffolding towards rapid vessel biofabrication. , 2008, Trends in biotechnology.

[461]  Maria Helena M. Rocha-Leão,et al.  In situ synthesis and magnetic studies of iron oxide nanoparticles in calcium-alginate matrix for biomedical applications , 2008 .

[462]  Yi-Sheng Wang,et al.  Efficient enrichment of phosphopeptides by magnetic TiO2‐coated carbon‐encapsulated iron nanoparticles , 2012, Proteomics.

[463]  J. Karp,et al.  Nanocarriers as an Emerging Platform for Cancer Therapy , 2022 .

[464]  G. Frija,et al.  Superparamagnetic iron oxides as positive MR contrast agents: in vitro and in vivo evidence. , 1993, Magnetic resonance imaging.

[465]  Ralph Weissleder,et al.  Annexin V–CLIO: A Nanoparticle for Detecting Apoptosis by MRI , 2002, Academic radiology.

[466]  Á. Delgado,et al.  Development of iron/ethylcellulose (core/shell) nanoparticles loaded with diclofenac sodium for arthritis treatment. , 2009, International journal of pharmaceutics.

[467]  Stefan Miltenyi,et al.  Specific MR imaging of human lymphocytes by monoclonal antibody‐guided dextran‐magnetite particles , 1992, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[468]  Joseph Rosenecker,et al.  Enhancing and targeting nucleic acid delivery by magnetic force , 2003, Expert opinion on biological therapy.

[469]  G. Stucky,et al.  Self-assembled virus-like particles with magnetic cores. , 2007, Nano letters.

[470]  A. Ulman,et al.  Self-Assembled Monolayers of Alkanesulfonic and -phosphonic Acids on Amorphous Iron Oxide Nanoparticles , 1999 .

[471]  Y Onoyama,et al.  Effect of hyperthermia on tumor uptake of radiolabeled anti-neural cell adhesion molecule antibody in small-cell lung cancer xenografts. , 1994, Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine.

[472]  C. Sangregorio,et al.  A new method for the synthesis of magnetoliposomes , 1999 .

[473]  Kemin Wang,et al.  Bionanotechnology based on silica nanoparticles , 2004, Medicinal research reviews.

[474]  S. Nishimura,et al.  Magnetic nanoparticles for improving cell invasion in tissue engineering. , 2008, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A.

[475]  W. Möller,et al.  Magnetic nanoparticle formulations for DNA and siRNA delivery , 2007 .

[476]  Thomas Wisniewski,et al.  Detection of amyloid plaques targeted by USPIO-Aβ1–42 in Alzheimer's disease transgenic mice using magnetic resonance microimaging , 2011, NeuroImage.

[477]  R. Fernández-Lafuente,et al.  Dextran aldehyde coating of glucose oxidase immobilized on magnetic nanoparticles prevents its inactivation by gas bubbles , 2005 .

[478]  O. Acher,et al.  MONODISPERSE FERROMAGNETIC PARTICLES FOR MICROWAVE APPLICATIONS , 1998 .

[479]  R. Ivkov,et al.  Short communication: nanoparticle thermotherapy and external beam radiation therapy for human prostate cancer cells. , 2008, Cancer biotherapy & radiopharmaceuticals.

[480]  P. Liljeroth,et al.  Physicochemical evaluation of the hot-injection method, a synthesis route for monodisperse nanocrystals. , 2005, Small.

[481]  S. Barth,et al.  Chemical Vapor Growth of One‐dimensional Magnetite Nanostructures , 2008 .

[482]  U. Peuker,et al.  Characterization of Protein Capacity of Nanocation Exchanger Particles as Filling Material for Functional Magnetic Beads for Bioseparation Purposes , 2008, Biotechnology progress.

[483]  T. Dey.  Polymer-coated magnetic nanoparticles: surface modification and end-functionalization. , 2006, Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology.

[484]  T L Phillips,et al.  Survival benefit of hyperthermia in a prospective randomized trial of brachytherapy boost +/- hyperthermia for glioblastoma multiforme. , 1998, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[485]  H. Honda,et al.  Heat immunotherapy using magnetic nanoparticles and dendritic cells for T-lymphoma. , 2005, Journal of bioscience and bioengineering.

[486]  E. Neuwelt,et al.  Imaging, Distribution, and Toxicity of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Magnetic Resonance Nanoparticles in the Rat Brain and Intracerebral Tumor , 2005, Neurosurgery.

[487]  I. Chourpa,et al.  Development and characterization of sub-micron poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) particles loaded with magnetite/maghemite nanoparticles. , 2005, International journal of pharmaceutics.

[488]  Taeghwan Hyeon,et al.  Wrap-bake-peel process for nanostructural transformation from beta-FeOOH nanorods to biocompatible iron oxide nanocapsules. , 2008, Nature materials.

[489]  J. Bulte,et al.  Instant MR labeling of stem cells using magnetoelectroporation , 2005, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[490]  Yujun Wang,et al.  In situ preparation of magnetic chitosan/Fe3O4 composite nanoparticles in tiny pools of water-in-oil microemulsion , 2006 .

[491]  Christoph Alexiou,et al.  Magnetic Drug Targeting—Biodistribution of the Magnetic Carrier and the Chemotherapeutic agent Mitoxantrone after Locoregional Cancer Treatment , 2003 .

[492]  J. Santamaría,et al.  Highly magnetic silica-coated iron nanoparticles prepared by the arc-discharge method , 2006 .

[493]  Hiroyuki Honda,et al.  Magnetite nanoparticle-loaded anti-HER2 immunoliposomes for combination of antibody therapy with hyperthermia. , 2004, Cancer Letters.

[494]  San-Yuan Chen,et al.  Nano-ferrosponges for controlled drug release. , 2007, Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society.

[495]  Tommy Olsson,et al.  The use of magnetite nanoparticles for implant-assisted magnetic drug targeting in thrombolytic therapy. , 2010, Biomaterials.

[496]  G. Whitesides,et al.  Formation of monolayer films by the spontaneous assembly of organic thiols from solution onto gold , 1989 .

[497]  M. Zanoni,et al.  Multifunctional antitumor magnetite/chitosan-l-glutamic acid (core/shell) nanocomposites , 2011 .

[498]  S. Soenen,et al.  Surface functionalization of magnetoliposomes in view of improving iron oxide-based magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents: anchoring of gadolinium ions to a lipophilic chelate. , 2007, Analytical biochemistry.

[499]  G. Whitesides,et al.  Self-assembled organic monolayers: model systems for studying adsorption of proteins at surfaces , 1991, Science.

[500]  Jerry S. H. Lee,et al.  Magnetic nanoparticles in MR imaging and drug delivery. , 2008, Advanced drug delivery reviews.

[501]  R. Schlögl,et al.  Bulk and surface phases of iron oxides in an oxygen and water atmosphere at low pressure , 2001 .

[502]  C. Alexiou,et al.  Locoregional cancer treatment with magnetic drug targeting. , 2000, Cancer research.

[503]  J. Bacri,et al.  Some biomedical applications of ferrofluids , 1999 .

[504]  P. Morais,et al.  In vitro biological activities of anionic gamma-Fe2O3 nanoparticles on human melanoma cells. , 2008, Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology.

[505]  Guillaume Bierry,et al.  Septic arthritis: monitoring with USPIO-enhanced macrophage MR imaging. , 2011, Radiology.

[506]  Xin Yu Wang,et al.  Accelerated blood clearance of PEGylated liposomes following preceding liposome injection: effects of lipid dose and PEG surface-density and chain length of the first-dose liposomes. , 2005, Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society.

[507]  J. Zhang,et al.  Lyophilized Paclitaxel Magnetoliposomes as a Potential Drug Delivery System for Breast Carcinoma via Parenteral Administration: In Vitro and in Vivo Studies , 2005, Pharmaceutical Research.

[508]  S. Loening,et al.  Presentation of a new magnetic field therapy system for the treatment of human solid tumors with magnetic fluid hyperthermia , 2001 .

[509]  C. Bergemann,et al.  In Vitro Analysis of Cisplatin Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles in Combined Cancer Chemotherapy and Electromagnetic Hyperthermia , 2008, IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience.

[510]  M. López-López,et al.  Stability and magnetic characterization of oleate-covered magnetite ferrofluids in different nonpolar carriers. , 2005, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[511]  Jyh-Ping Chen,et al.  Sol-gel powders and supported sol-gel polymers for immobilization of lipase in ester synthesis , 2003 .

[512]  P. J. Goetz,et al.  Electroacoustics for Concentrated Dispersions , 1999 .

[513]  Yongmin Chang,et al.  Surface modification of magnetite nanoparticles using lactobionic acid and their interaction with hepatocytes. , 2007, Biomaterials.

[514]  E. Tronc,et al.  Magnetic order in ? - Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles: a XMCD study , 2005 .

[515]  P. Couvreur,et al.  Magnetoresponsive squalenoyl gemcitabine composite nanoparticles for cancer active targeting. , 2008, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[516]  Gregory Fridman,et al.  Validation of High Gradient Magnetic Field Based Drug Delivery to Magnetizable Implants Under Flow , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[517]  Ulrich Pison,et al.  One-pot synthesis of pegylated ultrasmall iron-oxide nanoparticles and their in vivo evaluation as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents. , 2006, Biomacromolecules.

[518]  P. Couvreur,et al.  Nanotechnology: Intelligent Design to Treat Complex Disease , 2006, Pharmaceutical Research.

[519]  Morteza Mahmoudi,et al.  A new approach for the in vitro identification of the cytotoxicity of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. , 2010, Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces.

[520]  N. Karalezlİ,et al.  The pain associated with intraarticular hyaluronic acid injections for trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis , 2007, Clinical Rheumatology.

[521]  Wassana Yantasee,et al.  Direct detection of Pb in urine and Cd, Pb, Cu, and Ag in natural waters using electrochemical sensors immobilized with DMSA functionalized magnetic nanoparticles. , 2008, The Analyst.

[522]  M. Davies,et al.  Human serum albumin as a probe for protein adsorption to nanoparticles: relevance to biodistribution. , 1997, Journal of drug targeting.

[523]  G Pradal,et al.  Electron microscopy study of intrahepatic ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide kinetics in the rat. Relation with magnetic resonance imaging , 1999, Biology of the cell.

[524]  Hao Zeng,et al.  Size-controlled synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles. , 2002, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[525]  W. Weitschies,et al.  Polyaspartate coated magnetite nanoparticles for biomedical applications , 2007 .

[526]  J. Ni,et al.  Synthesis and characterization of magnetite dodecahedron nanostructure by hydrothermal method , 2008 .

[527]  A. Lu,et al.  Magnetic nanoparticles: synthesis, protection, functionalization, and application. , 2007, Angewandte Chemie.

[528]  B. Tombach,et al.  Hepatic MRI with SPIO: detection and characterization of focal liver lesions , 1998, European Radiology.

[529]  Bruno Brochet,et al.  Macrophage Imaging in Central Nervous System and in Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque Using Ultrasmall Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide in Magnetic Resonance Imaging , 2004, Investigative radiology.

[530]  J. Krupiński,et al.  Nanotechnology for the treatment of coronary in stent restenosis: a clinical perspective , 2011, Vascular cell.

[531]  Sun,et al.  Monodisperse FePt nanoparticles and ferromagnetic FePt nanocrystal superlattices , 2000, Science.

[532]  J. Phair,et al.  Detection of HIV-1 p24 Gag in plasma by a nanoparticle-based bio-barcode-amplification method. , 2008, Nanomedicine.

[533]  Y Zhang,et al.  Magnetic resonance imaging detection of rat renal transplant rejection by monitoring macrophage infiltration. , 2000, Kidney international.

[534]  Roland Felix,et al.  The effect of thermotherapy using magnetic nanoparticles on rat malignant glioma , 2006, Journal of Neuro-Oncology.

[535]  Chang-Ha Lee,et al.  Immobilization of lipase on hydrophobic nano-sized magnetite particles , 2009 .

[536]  K. Byrappa,et al.  Nanoparticles synthesis using supercritical fluid technology - towards biomedical applications. , 2008, Advanced drug delivery reviews.

[537]  T. Brill,et al.  Advances in magnetofection—magnetically guided nucleic acid delivery , 2005 .

[538]  R. Tan,et al.  Formulation of Fe3O4/Acrylate Co-Polymer Nanocomposites as Potential Drug Carriers , 2008 .

[539]  H. Fine,et al.  Noninvasive MR imaging of magnetically labeled stem cells to directly identify neovasculature in a glioma model. , 2005, Blood.

[540]  Ruo Yuan,et al.  Direct Electrochemical Immunoassay Based on Immobilization of Protein-Magnetic Nanoparticle Composites on to Magnetic Electrode Surfaces by Sterically Enhanced Magnetic Field Force , 2006, Biotechnology Letters.

[541]  H. Honda,et al.  Construction and delivery of tissue-engineered human retinal pigment epithelial cell sheets, using magnetite nanoparticles and magnetic force. , 2005, Tissue engineering.

[542]  N. Foster,et al.  Processing of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles by Supercritical Fluids , 2008 .

[543]  R. Ivkov,et al.  NanoFerrite particle based radioimmunonanoparticles: binding affinity and in vivo pharmacokinetics. , 2008, Bioconjugate chemistry.

[544]  Pratibhash Chattopadhyay,et al.  Supercritical CO2 Based Production of Magnetically Responsive Micro- and Nanoparticles for Drug Targeting , 2002 .

[545]  Yu-Chie Chen,et al.  Iron oxide/tantalum oxide core–shell magnetic nanoparticle-based microwave-assisted extraction for phosphopeptide enrichment from complex samples for MALDI MS analysis , 2009, Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry.

[546]  P. Jallet,et al.  Nonpolymeric Coatings of Iron Oxide Colloids for Biological Use as Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents. , 2001, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[547]  S. Santra,et al.  Role of nanoparticle valency in the nondestructive magnetic-relaxation-mediated detection and magnetic isolation of cells in complex media. , 2009, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[548]  M. Dewhirst,et al.  Rationale for and measurement of liposomal drug delivery with hyperthermia using non-invasive imaging techniques , 2008, International journal of hyperthermia : the official journal of European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology, North American Hyperthermia Group.

[549]  D. Bazile,et al.  Stealth Me.PEG-PLA nanoparticles avoid uptake by the mononuclear phagocytes system. , 1995, Journal of pharmaceutical sciences.

[550]  Jyh-Ping Chen,et al.  Intra-arterial application of magnetic nanoparticles for targeted thrombolytic therapy: A rat embolic model , 2007 .

[551]  T. Pellegrino,et al.  Magnetic-fluorescent colloidal nanobeads: preparation and exploitation in cell separation experiments. , 2009, Macromolecular bioscience.

[552]  Hariharan Srikanth,et al.  Superparamagnetic Polymer Nanocomposites with Uniform Fe3O4 Nanoparticle Dispersions , 2006 .

[553]  J. Wei,et al.  Purified and sterilized magnetosomes from Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MSR‐1 were not toxic to mouse fibroblasts in vitro , 2007, Letters in applied microbiology.

[554]  R. Müller,et al.  'Stealth' corona-core nanoparticles surface modified by polyethylene glycol (PEG): influences of the corona (PEG chain length and surface density) and of the core composition on phagocytic uptake and plasma protein adsorption. , 2000, Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces.

[555]  J. A. Ritter,et al.  In vitro study of magnetic particle seeding for implant assisted-magnetic drug targeting , 2008 .

[556]  H. Gu,et al.  Development of SM5-1-conjugated ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for hepatoma detection. , 2008, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[557]  H. Ohshima,et al.  Colloidal stability of aqueous polymeric dispersions: effect of pH and salt concentration. , 2005, Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces.

[558]  Eva Syková,et al.  Nanotechnologies in regenerative medicine , 2010, Minimally invasive therapy & allied technologies : MITAT : official journal of the Society for Minimally Invasive Therapy.

[559]  Zhenghe Xu,et al.  Asialoglycoprotein receptor-targeted superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. , 2008, International journal of pharmaceutics.

[560]  J. Chalmers,et al.  Evaluation of Eluents from Separations of CD34+ Cells from Human Cord Blood Using a Commerical, Immunomagnetic Cell Separation System , 2001, Biotechnology progress.

[561]  Peter Wust,et al.  Thermotherapy of prostate cancer using magnetic nanoparticles: feasibility, imaging, and three-dimensional temperature distribution. , 2007, European urology.

[562]  M. Morales,et al.  Magnetite nanoparticles: Electrochemical synthesis and characterization , 2008 .

[563]  T. Murakami,et al.  Targeted gene delivery to human osteosarcoma cells with magnetic cationic liposomes under a magnetic field. , 2003, International journal of oncology.

[564]  A. Curtis,et al.  Cell response to dextran-derivatised iron oxide nanoparticles post internalisation. , 2004, Biomaterials.

[565]  J. Overgaard,et al.  Can mild hyperthermia improve tumour oxygenation? , 1997, International journal of hyperthermia : the official journal of European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology, North American Hyperthermia Group.

[566]  B. Goins,et al.  Repeat Injection Studies of Technetium-99M-Labeled Peg-Liposomes in the Same Animal , 1998 .

[567]  H. Honda,et al.  Heat shock protein 70 expression induces antitumor immunity during intracellular hyperthermia using magnetite nanoparticles , 2003, Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy.

[568]  D. Cheresh,et al.  Integrins and cancer. , 1996, Current opinion in cell biology.

[569]  M. Rausch,et al.  Dynamic patterns of USPIO enhancement can be observed in macrophages after ischemic brain damage , 2001, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[570]  Z. Gan,et al.  Immobilization of homing peptide on magnetite nanoparticles and its specificity in vitro. , 2008, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A.

[571]  J. Bacri,et al.  Interaction of Anionic Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles with Cells: Kinetic Analyses of Membrane Adsorption and Subsequent Internalization , 2002 .

[572]  Guangjian Huang,et al.  Synthesis and characterization of carbon-coated iron core/shell nanostructures , 2008 .

[573]  G. Shan,et al.  Synthesis of amino-silane modified superparamagnetic silica supports and their use for protein immobilization , 2004 .

[574]  J. Chalmers,et al.  Flow Through, Immunomagnetic Cell Separation , 1998, Biotechnology progress.

[575]  Raoul Kopelman,et al.  Multifunctional nanoparticle platforms for in vivo MRI enhancement and photodynamic therapy of a rat brain cancer , 2005 .

[576]  D. Huber,et al.  Synthesis, properties, and applications of iron nanoparticles. , 2005, Small.

[577]  A. Sbarbati,et al.  In Vitro and In Vivo Study of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Loaded with Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide , 2003, Journal of drug targeting.

[578]  M. E. Kooi,et al.  Accumulation of Ultrasmall Superparamagnetic Particles of Iron Oxide in Human Atherosclerotic Plaques Can Be Detected by In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging , 2003, Circulation.

[579]  Carl K. Hoh,et al.  Targeting and retention of magnetic targeted carriers (MTCs) enhancing intra-arterial chemotherapy , 1999 .

[580]  Y. Matsumura.  Poly (amino acid) micelle nanocarriers in preclinical and clinical studies. , 2008, Advanced drug delivery reviews.

[581]  Yi Lu,et al.  Smart “Turn‐on” Magnetic Resonance Contrast Agents Based on Aptamer‐Functionalized Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles , 2007, Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology.

[582]  Yoshimi Anzai,et al.  Evaluation of neck and body metastases to nodes with ferumoxtran 10-enhanced MR imaging: phase III safety and efficacy study. , 2003, Radiology.

[583]  J. Santamaría,et al.  Magnetic nanoparticles for drug delivery , 2007 .

[584]  H. Vali,et al.  Microbial preparation of metal-substituted magnetite nanoparticles. , 2007, Journal of microbiological methods.

[585]  In Su Lee,et al.  Functional expression and magnetic nanoparticle-based Immobilization of a protein-engineered marine fish epoxide hydrolase of Mugil cephalus for enantioselective hydrolysis of racemic styrene oxide , 2010, Biotechnology Letters.

[586]  C. Robic,et al.  Colloidal stability of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) particles with different coatings. , 2007, International journal of pharmaceutics.

[587]  P. Couvreur,et al.  Squalene based nanocomposites: a new platform for the design of multifunctional pharmaceutical theragnostics. , 2011, ACS nano.

[588]  Takashi Nakamura,et al.  Purification and separation of carbon nanocapsules as a magnetic carrier for drug delivery systems , 2008 .

[589]  R. Ivkov,et al.  Development of Tumor Targeting Bioprobes (111In-Chimeric L6 Monoclonal Antibody Nanoparticles) for Alternating Magnetic Field Cancer Therapy , 2005, Clinical Cancer Research.

[590]  S. Pratsinis,et al.  Direct synthesis of maghemite, magnetite and wustite nanoparticles by flame spray pyrolysis , 2009 .

[591]  Hiroyuki Honda,et al.  Medical application of functionalized magnetic nanoparticles. , 2005, Journal of bioscience and bioengineering.

[592]  P. Jacobs,et al.  Physical and chemical properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide MR contrast agents: ferumoxides, ferumoxtran, ferumoxsil. , 1995, Magnetic resonance imaging.

[593]  P. Kulkarni,et al.  Monitoring of magnetic targeting to tumor vasculature through MRI and biodistribution. , 2010, Nanomedicine.

[594]  Yu Zhang,et al.  Protective coating of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles , 2003 .

[595]  J. Arias,et al.  Maghemite/poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolyde) composite nanoplatform for therapeutic applications , 2012, Journal of Nanoparticle Research.

[596]  Y. Lim,et al.  Plasmonic Magnetic Nanostructure for Bimodal Imaging and Photonic‐Based Therapy of Cancer Cells , 2007, Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology.

[597]  M. Port,et al.  Structural characterization of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) particles in aqueous suspension by energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDXD). , 2006, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[598]  Su-il Park,et al.  Preparation of poly ɛ-caprolactone nanoparticles containing magnetite for magnetic drug carrier , 2006 .

[599]  M. Shinkai,et al.  Antibody‐conjugated magnetoliposomes for targeting cancer cells and their application in hyperthermia , 1995, Biotechnology and applied biochemistry.

[600]  Sophie Neveu,et al.  Synthesis of very fine maghemite particles , 1995 .

[601]  Y. Haik,et al.  Modification and characterization of polystyrene-based magnetic microspheres and comparison with albumin-based magnetic microspheres , 2001 .

[602]  Christopher J. Destache,et al.  Nanotechnology: A Focus on Nanoparticles as a Drug Delivery System , 2006, Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology.

[603]  Jinming Gao,et al.  Folate-encoded and Fe3O4-loaded polymeric micelles for dual targeting of cancer cells , 2008 .

[604]  Hiroyuki Honda,et al.  Bone tissue engineering with human mesenchymal stem cell sheets constructed using magnetite nanoparticles and magnetic force. , 2007, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials.

[605]  M. Ochi,et al.  Enhancement of bone formation in an experimental bony defect using ferumoxide-labelled mesenchymal stromal cells and a magnetic targeting system. , 2010, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume.

[606]  Valérie Cabuil,et al.  Generation of superparamagnetic liposomes revealed as highly efficient MRI contrast agents for in vivo imaging. , 2005, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[607]  A. Roch,et al.  Transverse relaxivity of particulate MRI contrast media: From theories to experiments , 1991, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[608]  R. Weissleder,et al.  Uptake and metabolism of a dual fluorochrome Tat-nanoparticle in HeLa cells. , 2003, Bioconjugate chemistry.

[609]  G. Borchard,et al.  The Role of Serum Complement on the Organ Distribution of Intravenously Administered Poly (methyl methacrylate) Nanoparticles: Effects of Pre-Coating with Plasma and with Serum Complement , 1996, Pharmaceutical Research.

[610]  K. Briley-Saebo,et al.  Crystal size and properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) particles. , 1997, Magnetic resonance imaging.

[611]  D. Schüler,et al.  Biochemical and Proteomic Analysis of the Magnetosome Membrane in Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense , 2004, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

[612]  Hyo-Sook Lee,et al.  Synthesis of ferrofluid with magnetic nanoparticles by sonochemical method for MRI contrast agent , 2005 .

[613]  T. Ishida,et al.  Evasion of the accelerated blood clearance phenomenon by coating of nanoparticles with various hydrophilic polymers. , 2010, Biomacromolecules.

[614]  Dario Kriz,et al.  Detection of C-reactive protein utilizing magnetic permeability detection based immunoassays. , 2005, Analytical chemistry.

[615]  Feasibility of induction heating using a sintered MgFe2O4 needle for minimally invasive breast cancer therapy. , 2008, Anticancer research.

[616]  Selective targeting of magnetic albumin microspheres to the Yoshida sarcoma: ultrastructural evaluation of microsphere disposition. , 1983, European journal of cancer & clinical oncology.

[617]  J. Dobson.  Magnetic nanoparticles for drug delivery , 2006 .

[618]  Peter Wust,et al.  Intracranial Thermotherapy using Magnetic Nanoparticles Combined with External Beam Radiotherapy: Results of a Feasibility Study on Patients with Glioblastoma Multiforme , 2006, Journal of Neuro-Oncology.

[619]  Isabelle Raynal,et al.  Macrophage Endocytosis of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Mechanisms and Comparison of Ferumoxides and Ferumoxtran-10 , 2004, Investigative radiology.

[620]  M. Dewhirst,et al.  Hyperthermia enables tumor-specific nanoparticle delivery: effect of particle size. , 2000, Cancer research.

[621]  C. Serna,et al.  Surface characterisation of dextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles prepared by laser pyrolysis and coprecipitation , 2005 .

[622]  R. Blakemore,et al.  Characterization of the bacterial magnetosome membrane , 1988, Journal of bacteriology.

[623]  Mauro Ferrari,et al.  Hemocompatible Polyethylene Glycol Films on Silicon , 1998 .

[624]  C. Lokhande,et al.  Synthesis of nanocrystalline nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) thin films using low temperature modified chemical method , 2008 .

[625]  Heather Kalish,et al.  Efficient magnetic cell labeling with protamine sulfate complexed to ferumoxides for cellular MRI. , 2004, Blood.

[626]  Thommey P. Thomas,et al.  Design and Function of a Dendrimer-Based Therapeutic Nanodevice Targeted to Tumor Cells Through the Folate Receptor , 2002, Pharmaceutical Research.

[627]  A. Tedesco,et al.  Magnetic nanoemulsions as drug delivery system for Foscan ® : Skin permeation and retention in vitro assays for topical application in photodynamic therapy (PDT) of skin cancer , 2007 .

[628]  R. Müller,et al.  Two-time window and multiangle photon correlation spectroscopy size and zeta potential analysis--highly sensitive rapid assay for dispersion stability. , 2000, Journal of pharmaceutical sciences.

[629]  Victor C Yang,et al.  Polyethyleneimine-modified iron oxide nanoparticles for brain tumor drug delivery using magnetic targeting and intra-carotid administration. , 2010, Biomaterials.

[630]  C. Wilkinson,et al.  Magnetic properties of magnetite arrays produced by the method of electron beam lithography , 1996 .

[631]  Jing Lin,et al.  Photosensitizer-conjugated magnetic nanoparticles for in vivo simultaneous magnetofluorescent imaging and targeting therapy. , 2011, Biomaterials.

[632]  B. Marincek,et al.  Detection of synovial macrophages in an experimental rabbit model of antigen-induced arthritis: ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide-enhanced MR imaging. , 2004, Radiology.

[633]  J. Holgersson,et al.  A novel and rapid method for quantification of magnetic nanoparticle?cell interactions using a desktop susceptometer , 2004 .

[634]  Hua Ai,et al.  Multifunctional polymeric micelles as cancer-targeted, MRI-ultrasensitive drug delivery systems. , 2006, Nano letters.

[635]  M. Espin,et al.  Aging effects in the electrokinetics of colloidal iron oxides. , 2002, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[636]  B Quesson,et al.  In vivo macrophage activity imaging in the central nervous system detected by magnetic resonance , 1999, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[637]  Wang Xiaoliang,et al.  Acute toxicity and irritation of water-based dextran-coated magnetic fluid injected in mice. , 2008, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A.

[638]  S. Chaleawlert-umpon,et al.  Preparation of Iron Oxide-Entrapped Chitosan Nanoparticles for Stem Cell Labeling , 2010, Journal of biomaterials science. Polymer edition.

[639]  R. Weissleder,et al.  Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide: characterization of a new class of contrast agents for MR imaging. , 1990, Radiology.

[640]  Ralph Weissleder,et al.  Long-circulating iron oxides for MR imaging , 1995 .

[641]  P. Dumas,et al.  Synthesis of colloidal superparamagnetic nanocomposites by grafting poly(e-caprolactone) from the surface of organosilane-modified maghemite nanoparticles. , 2005 .

[642]  J. Arias.  Novel Strategies to Improve the Anticancer Action of 5-Fluorouracil by Using Drug Delivery Systems , 2008, Molecules.

[643]  J. Horton,et al.  Competitive adsorption of phosphate and carboxylate with natural organic matter on hydrous iron oxides as investigated by chemical force microscopy , 2003 .

[644]  Donhee Ham,et al.  Chip–NMR biosensor for detection and molecular analysis of cells , 2008, Nature Medicine.

[645]  M. Maeta,et al.  Experimental studies of the effects of local hyperthermia on blood flow, oxygen pressure and pH in tumors , 1988, The Japanese journal of surgery.

[646]  Charalambos Kaittanis,et al.  One-step, nanoparticle-mediated bacterial detection with magnetic relaxation. , 2007, Nano letters.

[647]  X. Ledoux,et al.  Deuteron stripping on beryllium target in the 100–2300 MeV energy range , 1999 .

[648]  R. Weissleder,et al.  Cell-specific targeting of nanoparticles by multivalent attachment of small molecules , 2005, Nature Biotechnology.

[649]  D. Hochstrasser,et al.  Colloidal carriers for intravenous drug targeting: Plasma protein adsorption patterns on surface‐modified latex particles evaluated by two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis , 1993, Electrophoresis.

[650]  Tohru Mizushima,et al.  Accelerated Blood Clearance Phenomenon Upon Repeated Injection of PEG-modified PLA-nanoparticles , 2009, Pharmaceutical Research.

[651]  M. Bawendi,et al.  Renal clearance of quantum dots , 2007, Nature Biotechnology.

[652]  M. E. Morales,et al.  Lipid-based drug delivery systems for cancer treatment. , 2011, Current drug targets.

[653]  C. Serna,et al.  Single‐Step Nanoengineering of Silica Coated Maghemite Hollow Spheres with Tunable Magnetic Properties , 2001 .

[654]  A. Fischman,et al.  Polyclonal human immunoglobulin G labeled with polymeric iron oxide: antibody MR imaging. , 1991, Radiology.

[655]  Young Keun Kim,et al.  Synthesis of streptavidin-FITC-conjugated core-shell Fe3O4-Au nanocrystals and their application for the purification of CD4+ lymphocytes. , 2008, Biomaterials.

[656]  K. S. Pillai,et al.  Ultrasonically controlled release and targeted delivery of diclofenac sodium via gelatin magnetic microspheres. , 2004, International journal of pharmaceutics.

[657]  K. Arihiro,et al.  Augmentation of degenerated human cartilage in vitro using magnetically labeled mesenchymal stem cells and an external magnetic device. , 2009, Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association.

[658]  Á. Delgado,et al.  Preparation and characterization of carbonyl iron/poly(butylcyanoacrylate) core/shell nanoparticles. , 2006, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[659]  Á. Delgado,et al.  Iron/ethylcellulose (core/shell) nanoplatform loaded with 5-fluorouracil for cancer targeting. , 2010, Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces.

[660]  Hiroyuki Honda,et al.  Enhanced cell-seeding into 3D porous scaffolds by use of magnetite nanoparticles. , 2006, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials.

[661]  Angus P. Wilkinson,et al.  Continuous hydrothermal synthesis and crystallization of magnetic oxide nanoparticles , 2002 .

[662]  Jinyoung Jeong,et al.  Enhanced reusability of hexa-arginine-tagged esterase immobilized on gold-coated magnetic nanoparticles , 2006 .

[663]  Hai-Li Zhang,et al.  An amperometric hydrogen peroxide biosensor based on immobilization of horseradish peroxidase on an electrode modified with magnetic dextran microspheres , 2008, Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry.

[664]  C. Deng,et al.  Development of core-shell structure Fe3O4@Ta2O5 microspheres for selective enrichment of phosphopeptides for mass spectrometry analysis. , 2009, Journal of chromatography. A.

[665]  E. Gu,et al.  Zinc tetraaminophthalocyanine-Fe3O4 nanoparticle composite for laccase immobilization , 2007, International journal of nanomedicine.

[666]  A. Bjørnerud,et al.  Long‐term imaging effects in rat liver after a single injection of an iron oxide nanoparticle based MR contrast agent , 2004, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[667]  H. Yang,et al.  Combined magnetic and chemical covalent immobilization of pectinase on composites membranes improves stability and activity , 2007 .

[668]  A. Bée,et al.  Thiolation of Maghemite Nanoparticles by Dimercaptosuccinic Acid , 1997, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[669]  C. Serna,et al.  Preparation of uniform γ-Fe2O3 particles with nanometer size by spray pyrolysis , 1993 .

[670]  J. Debatin,et al.  Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Atherosclerotic Plaque With Ultrasmall Superparamagnetic Particles of Iron Oxide in Hyperlipidemic Rabbits , 2001, Circulation.

[671]  C. Plank,et al.  Magnetofection: Enhancing and Targeting Gene Delivery with Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles and Magnetic Fields , 2003, Journal of liposome research.

[672]  Sangsig Kim,et al.  Sub 5 nm magnetite nanoparticles: Synthesis, microstructure, and magnetic properties , 2007 .

[673]  Christian Plank,et al.  Generation of magnetic nonviral gene transfer agents and magnetofection in vitro , 2007, Nature Protocols.

[674]  Arben Merkoçi,et al.  Double-codified gold nanolabels for enhanced immunoanalysis. , 2007, Analytical chemistry.

[675]  N. Willmott.  Chemoembolization in regional cancer chemotherapy: a rationale. , 1987, Cancer treatment reviews.

[676]  M. Neri,et al.  Efficient In Vitro Labeling of Human Neural Precursor Cells with Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Particles: Relevance for In Vivo Cell Tracking , 2008, Stem cells.

[677]  D. Jaillard,et al.  Folate-conjugated iron oxide nanoparticles for solid tumor targeting as potential specific magnetic hyperthermia mediators: synthesis, physicochemical characterization, and in vitro experiments. , 2005, Bioconjugate chemistry.

[678]  K. Narayanan,et al.  Biological synthesis of metal nanoparticles by microbes. , 2010, Advances in colloid and interface science.

[679]  Dmitri Artemov,et al.  MR molecular imaging of the Her‐2/neu receptor in breast cancer cells using targeted iron oxide nanoparticles , 2003, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[680]  D. Baldomir,et al.  Structural and magnetic characterization of Co particles coated with Ag , 1994 .

[681]  I Horikoshi,et al.  Magnetic targeting of thermosensitive magnetoliposomes to mouse livers in an in situ on-line perfusion system. , 1995, Life sciences.

[682]  Y. Kaneda,et al.  Magnetic nanoparticles with surface modification enhanced gene delivery of HVJ-E vector. , 2005, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[683]  L. Love,et al.  Large-scale production of magnetic nanoparticles using bacterial fermentation , 2010, Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology.

[684]  Jeff W. M. Bulte,et al.  Magnetic nanoparticles as markers for cellular MR imaging , 2005 .

[685]  S. Fu,et al.  Mass synthesis of nanocrystalline spinel ferrites by a polymer-pyrolysis route , 2007 .

[686]  Nathan Kohler,et al.  A bifunctional poly(ethylene glycol) silane immobilized on metallic oxide-based nanoparticles for conjugation with cell targeting agents. , 2004, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[687]  C. Benoist,et al.  A powerful nonviral vector for in vivo gene transfer into the adult mammalian brain: polyethylenimine. , 1996, Human gene therapy.