公共管理 = Public management

Public management is an internationally recognized field of research, teaching, and practice owing in significant measure to the leading role played by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management (APPAM) and its journal, the Journal of Public Policy and Management (JPAM) for over 30 years. The term “public management” had been familiar in, although not central to, the field of public administration for decades—the cognate term in public policy schools was “policy implementation.” The contribution of APPAM’s public management scholars was to add a “strategic, political” dimension to the concept of public management, in effect negating the dichotomy between “politics” and “administration,” which had dominated the older field. As Richard Elmore was to put it in his classic article (discussed below; Elmore, 1986, p. 69):

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