Toxicological profile for styrene

DISCLAIMER The use of company or product name(s) is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. A Toxicological Profile for Styrene, Draft for Public Comment was released in October 2007. This edition supersedes any previously released draft or final profile. Toxicological profiles are revised and republished as necessary. For information regarding the update status of previously released profiles, contact ATSDR at: FOREWORD This toxicological profile is prepared in accordance with guidelines* developed by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The original guidelines were published in the Federal Register on April 17, 1987. Each profile will be revised and republished as necessary. The ATSDR toxicological profile succinctly characterizes the toxicologic and adverse health effects infonnation for these toxic substances described therein. Each peer-reviewed profile identifies and reviews the key literature that describes a substance's toxicologic properties. Other pertinent literature is also presented, but is described in less detail than the key studies. The profile is not intended to be an exhaustive document; however, more comprehensive sources of specialty information are referenced. The focus of the profiles is on health and toxicologic infonnation; therefore, each toxicological profile begins with a public health statement that describes, in nontechnical language, a substance's relevant toxicological properties. Following the public health statement is infonnation concerning levels of significant human exposure and, where known, significant health effects. The adequacy of infonnation to detennine a substance's health effects is described in a health effects summary. Data needs that are of significance to protection of public health are identified by ATSDR. Each profile includes the following: (A) The examination, summary, and interpretation of available toxicologic infonnation and epidemiologic evaluations on a toxic substance to ascertain the levels of significant human exposure for the substance and the associated acute, subacute, and chronic health effects; (B) A determination of whether adequate infonnation on the health effects of each substance is available or in the process of development to detennine levels of exposure that present a significant risk to human health of acute, subacute, and chronic health effects; and (C) Where appropriate, identification of toxicologic testing needed to identifY the types or levels of exposure that may present significant risk of adverse health effects in humans. The principal audiences for the toxicological profiles are health professionals at the Federal, State, and local levels; …

[1]  L. Sheldon,et al.  Organic compounds in the Delaware River , 1978 .

[2]  J. Chang-Claude,et al.  Mortality of short-term workers in two international cohorts. , 1998, Journal of occupational and environmental medicine.

[3]  T. Bjerkedal,et al.  Delivery outcome among women employed in the plastics industry in Sweden and Norway. , 1987, American journal of industrial medicine.

[4]  C. W. Sweet,et al.  Toxic volatile organic compounds in urban air in Illinois , 1992 .

[5]  Exploring QSAR. , 1995, Environmental science & technology.

[6]  C. Rebert,et al.  Solvent-induced ototoxicity in rats: An atypical selective mid-frequency hearing deficit , 1994, Hearing Research.

[7]  F. Sarto,et al.  Chromosome aberrations and micronuclei in lymphocytes of workers exposed to low and medium levels of styrene , 1992, International archives of occupational and environmental health.

[8]  S. Rappaport,et al.  Use of the glycophorin A human mutation assay to study workers exposed to styrene. , 1993, Environmental health perspectives.

[9]  P. Holmberg Central nervous defects in two children of mothers exposed to chemicals in the reinforced plastics industry. Chance or a causal relation? , 1977, Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health.

[10]  Ş. Şardaş,et al.  Evaluation of genotoxic potential of styrene in furniture workers using unsaturated polyester resins. , 1997, Mutation research.

[11]  J. Mäki‐Paakkanen Chromosome aberrations, micronuclei and sister-chromatid exchanges in blood lymphocytes after occupational exposure to low levels of styrene. , 1987, Mutation research.

[12]  H. Norppa,et al.  Monitoring occupational exposure to styrene from hemoglobin adducts and metabolites in blood. , 1993, Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health.

[13]  G. Carlson,et al.  METABOLISM OF THE STYRENE METABOLITE 4-VINYLPHENOL BY RAT AND MOUSE LIVER AND LUNG , 2001, Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A.

[14]  R. Preston,et al.  A re-evaluation of the cytogenetic effects of styrene. , 1994, Mutation research.

[15]  R. Rathbun,et al.  Transport, Behavior, and Fate of Volatile Organic Compounds in Streams , 2000 .

[16]  C. E. Becker,et al.  Modeling the acute neurotoxicity of styrene. , 1998, Journal of occupational and environmental medicine.

[17]  Fugacity Calculations Using Estimated Physicochemical Properties , 1993 .

[18]  J. Ross Ullman's encyclopedia of industrial chemistry , 1986 .

[19]  B. Kulig The neurobehavioral effects of chronic styrene exposure in the rat. , 1988, Neurotoxicology and teratology.

[20]  G. Carlson Comparison of the susceptibility of wild-type and CYP2E1 knockout mice to the hepatotoxic and pneumotoxic effects of styrene and styrene oxide. , 2004, Toxicology letters.

[21]  C. A. Fewson,et al.  Microbial metabolism and biotransformations of styrene. , 1994, The Journal of applied bacteriology.

[22]  G. Loquet,et al.  Toluene and styrene intoxication route in the rat cochlea. , 1999, Neurotoxicology and teratology.

[23]  J. Bonde,et al.  Sperm chromatin structure and semen quality following occupational styrene exposure. Asclepios. , 1999, Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health.

[24]  Shelley R. Antoine,et al.  Environmentally significant volatile organic pollutants in human blood , 1986, Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology.

[25]  D. Henderson,et al.  Relation between outer hair cell loss and hearing loss in rats exposed to styrene , 2008, Hearing Research.

[26]  Michael D Hays,et al.  Speciation of gas-phase and fine particle emissions from burning of foliar fuels. , 2002, Environmental science & technology.

[27]  J. Withey,et al.  Styrene monomer in foods a limited Canadian survey , 1978, Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology.

[28]  R. Reid,et al.  Indirect food additive migration from polymeric food packaging materials. , 1987, Critical reviews in toxicology.

[29]  J. Pankow,et al.  Determination of volatile compounds in water by purging directly to a capillary column with whole column cryotrapping , 1988 .

[30]  Charles J. Weschler,et al.  Indoor chemistry. Ozone, volatile organic compounds, and carpets , 1992 .

[31]  E. J. Schneider,et al.  A mortality survey of employees engaged in the development or manufacture of styrene-based products. , 1980, Journal of occupational medicine. : official publication of the Industrial Medical Association.

[32]  T. Brüning,et al.  Association Between Genetic Polymorphisms in Styrene-Metabolizing Enzymes and Biomarkers in Styrene-Exposed Workers , 2008, Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A.

[33]  C. H. Pierce,et al.  Partition coefficients between human blood or adipose tissue and air for aromatic solvents. , 1996, Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health.

[34]  P. Seth,et al.  Hepatic effects of orally administered styrene in rats , 1982, Journal of applied toxicology : JAT.

[35]  Man-Goo Kim,et al.  Simultaneous determination of natural and styrene-butadiene rubber tire tread particles in atmospheric dusts by pyrolysis-gas chromatography , 1989 .

[36]  S. Candura,et al.  Occupational asthma due to styrene: two case reports. , 1987, Journal of occupational medicine. : official publication of the Industrial Medical Association.

[37]  D. Henderson,et al.  Styrene induced alterations in biomarkers of exposure and effects in the cochlea: mechanisms of hearing loss. , 2007, Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology.

[38]  E. Levin,et al.  Effects of dopaminergic drugs on working and reference memory in rats , 1993, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

[39]  P. Seth,et al.  Some behavioral effects of early styrene intoxication in experimental animals , 1985, Archives of Toxicology.

[40]  D. Ashley,et al.  Measurement of volatile organic compounds in human blood. , 1996, Environmental health perspectives.

[41]  T. Bruckner,et al.  Occupational styrene exposure and hearing loss: a cohort study with repeated measurements , 2009, International archives of occupational and environmental health.

[42]  P. Lioy,et al.  The New Jersey Project on Airborne Toxic Elements and Organic Substances (ATEOS): A Summary of the 1981 Summer and 1982 Winter Studies , 1983 .

[43]  A. Rossi,et al.  Bone marrow cell chromosomal aberrations and styrene biotransformation in mice given styrene on a repeated oral schedule. , 1983, Chemico-biological interactions.

[44]  S. Bonassi,et al.  Cytogenetic biomonitoring of styrene-exposed plastic boat builders , 1995, Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology.

[45]  M. Guillemin,et al.  Human exposure to styrene , 1979, International archives of occupational and environmental health.

[46]  A T Hodgson,et al.  Emissions of volatile organic compounds from new carpets measured in a large-scale environmental chamber. , 1993, Air & waste : journal of the Air & Waste Management Association.

[47]  S M Rappaport,et al.  Air sampling and analysis in a rubber vulcanization area. , 1977, American Industrial Hygiene Association journal.

[48]  S. Chakrabarti,et al.  Simultaneous Ion-Pairing Liquid Chromatographic Determination of the Major Metabolites of Styrene and Carbamazepine, and of Unchanged Carbamazepine in Urine , 1987 .

[49]  A. Seppäläinen,et al.  Exposure-response relationship between styrene exposure and central nervous functions. , 1978, Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health.

[50]  R. Harrison,et al.  Levels and sources of personal inhalation exposure to volatile organic compounds. , 2002, Environmental science & technology.

[51]  R J Smith,et al.  A re-examination of risk estimates from the NIOSH Occupational Noise and Hearing Survey (ONHS) , 1997, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

[52]  Robert Matthews,et al.  Chemical Exposures in the Synthetic Rubber Industry and Lymphohematopoietic Cancer Mortality , 2005, Journal of occupational and environmental medicine.

[53]  C. Edling,et al.  Increase in neuropsychiatric symptoms after occupational exposure to low levels of styrene. , 1993, British journal of industrial medicine.

[54]  Patrick Wäger,et al.  Volatile organic compounds and some very volatile organic compounds in new and recently renovated buildings in Switzerland , 1992 .

[55]  P. Dalton,et al.  Exposure assessment for study of olfactory function in workers exposed to styrene in the reinforced-plastics industry. , 2003, American journal of industrial medicine.

[56]  E. Bayer,et al.  Styrene metabolism in man: gas chromatographic separation of mandelic acid enantiomers in the urine of exposed persons , 1984, Archives of Toxicology.

[57]  M. Riederer,et al.  Sorption of Volatile Organic Chemicals in Plant Surfaces , 1998 .

[58]  P. Seth,et al.  Effect of styrene on levels of serotonin, noradrenaline, dopamine and activity of acetyl cholinesterase and monoamine oxidase in rat brain. , 1980, Toxicology letters.

[59]  G. R. Kelman,et al.  Choice Reaction Time in Workers Exposed to Styrene Vapour , 1986, Human toxicology.

[60]  Carol R. Johnson,et al.  Effect of Sorption on Biodegradation of Soil Pollutants , 1996 .

[61]  J M Ward,et al.  Factors in the evaluation of 200 National Cancer Institute carcinogen bioassays. , 1981, Journal of toxicology and environmental health.

[62]  Malgorzata Pawlaczyk-Luszczynska,et al.  Ototoxic Effects of Occupational Exposure to Styrene and Co-Exposure to Styrene and Noise , 2003, Journal of occupational and environmental medicine.

[63]  Ravi Moysore Shanker,et al.  Immunomodulation due to coexposure to styrene and dioctyl phthalate in mice. , 1993, Immunopharmacology and immunotoxicology.

[64]  E. Capodaglio,et al.  Urinary excretion of specific mercapturic acids in workers exposed to styrene. , 1997, American journal of industrial medicine.

[65]  W. K. D. Raat Induction of sister chromatid exchanges by styrene and its presumed metabolite styrene oxide in the presence of rat liver homogenate , 1978 .

[66]  G. Loquet,et al.  Styrene-induced hearing loss: a membrane insult , 2001, Hearing Research.

[67]  T Skov,et al.  National survey on the use of chemicals in the working environment: estimated exposure events. , 1995, Occupational and environmental medicine.

[68]  G T Pryor,et al.  Hearing loss in rats caused by inhalation of mixed xylenes and styrene , 1987, Journal of applied toxicology : JAT.

[69]  Larry T. Cupitt,et al.  Fate of toxic and hazardous materials in the air environment , 1981 .

[70]  L. Wallace,et al.  Breath measurements as volatile organic compound biomarkers. , 1996, Environmental health perspectives.

[71]  A. Bernard,et al.  Lack of nephrotoxicity of styrene at current TLV level (50 ppm) , 1989, International archives of occupational and environmental health.

[72]  A. Prentice Epidemiology of endometriosis. , 1993, BMJ.

[73]  M. Sakly,et al.  Male reproductive impacts of styrene in rat , 2006, Toxicology and industrial health.

[74]  J. Huff,et al.  Emergency care for hazardous materials exposure , 1990 .

[75]  F. Mitelman,et al.  Increased frequency of chromosome aberrations in workers exposed to styrene. , 1979, Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health.

[76]  S. A. Solveig Walles,et al.  Single-strand breaks in DNA of various organs of mice induced by styrene and styrene oxide. , 1983, Cancer letters.

[77]  E. Söderman,et al.  Application of a single-compartment model for estimation of styrene uptake from measurements of urinary excretion of mandelic and phenylglyoxylic acids after occupational exposure , 1996, International archives of occupational and environmental health.

[78]  C. Ong,et al.  Determination of mandelic acid and phenylglyoxylic acid in the urine and its use in monitoring of styrene exposure. , 1993, Journal of analytical toxicology.

[79]  Sethi Pk,et al.  Effect of styrene on testicular enzymes of growing rat. , 1992, Indian journal of experimental biology.

[80]  A. Cardona,et al.  Analysis of styrene and its metabolites in blood and urine of workers exposed to both styrene and acetone. , 2002, Journal of analytical toxicology.

[81]  A. Zuckerman,et al.  IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans , 1995, IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans.

[82]  B. Moen,et al.  Exposure to organic solvents among car painters in Bergen, Norway. , 2000, Annals of Occupational Hygiene.

[83]  R. Clark,et al.  Styrene-induced peripheral neuropathy. , 1999, Journal of toxicology. Clinical toxicology.

[84]  J. R. Cushman,et al.  Subchronic inhalation studies of styrene in CD rats and CD-1 mice. , 1997, Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology.

[85]  A. Thiess,et al.  Morbidity among persons employed in styrene production, polymerization and processing plants. , 1978, Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health.

[86]  Erickson,et al.  Environmental monitoring near industrial sites: brominated chemicals. Part II: appendix. Final report 19 Jul-16 Dec 77 , 1978 .

[87]  G. Carlson,et al.  Comparison of styrene and its metabolites styrene oxide and 4-vinylphenol on cytotoxicity and glutathione depletion in Clara cells of mice and rats. , 2006, Toxicology.

[88]  D. Morgan,et al.  Styrene inhalation toxicity studies in mice. III. Strain differences in susceptibility. , 1993, Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology.

[89]  T. Tozer,et al.  Styrene in adipose tissue of nonoccupationally exposed persons. , 1992, Environmental research.

[90]  P. Seth,et al.  Biochemical and morphological studies in testes of rat offspring of mothers exposed to styrene during lactation. , 1992, Pharmacology & toxicology.

[91]  H. Norppa,et al.  Chromosomal aberrations in bone marrow of Chinese hamsters exposed to styrene and ethanol. , 1980, Toxicology letters.

[92]  G. Speit,et al.  Review of the genotoxicity of styrene in humans. , 2005, Mutation research.

[93]  B. Hellman,et al.  Detection of styrene and styrene oxide-induced DNA damage in various organs of mice using the comet assay. , 1998, Pharmacology & toxicology.

[94]  M. Kirsch‐Volders,et al.  Influence of genetic polymorphisms on biomarkers of exposure and genotoxic effects in styrene‐exposed workers , 2004, Environmental and molecular mutagenesis.

[95]  A. Tates,et al.  Association between genetic polymorphisms and biomarkers in styrene-exposed workers. , 2001, Mutation research.

[96]  Ashok J. Gadgil,et al.  Modeling Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds from New Carpets , 1994 .

[97]  D. Morgan,et al.  Effects of various pretreatments on the hepatotoxicity of inhaled styrene in the B6C3F1 mouse. , 1997, Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems.

[98]  Daniel A Axelrad,et al.  National Estimates of Outdoor Air Toxics Concentrations. , 1999, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association.

[99]  P N Breysse,et al.  An evaluation of employee exposure to volatile organic compounds in three photocopy centers. , 2000, Environmental research.

[100]  P. Mozzo,et al.  Biological exposure index of styrene suggested by a physiologico-mathematical model , 1988, International archives of occupational and environmental health.

[101]  G. B. Bartolucci,et al.  Biomonitoring of Occupational Exposure to Styrene , 1986 .

[102]  P. Baveye,et al.  Bacterial influence on partitioning rate during the biodegradation of styrene in a biphasic aqueous-organic system , 1996, Biodegradation.

[103]  H. T. Badings,et al.  Automatic system for rapid analysis of volatile compounds by purge‐and‐cold‐trapping/capillary gas chromatography , 1985 .

[104]  A. Olshan,et al.  NTP-CERHR Expert Panel Report on the reproductive and developmental toxicity of styrene. , 2006, Birth defects research. Part B, Developmental and reproductive toxicology.

[105]  Xiao-bai Xu,et al.  Characterization of the combustion products of polyethylene , 1999 .

[106]  A. Löf,et al.  Exposure to styrene. Uptake, distribution, metabolism and elimination in man. , 1983, Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health.

[107]  Donald D. Rosebrook,et al.  Total exposure assessment methodology (team) study: Personal exposures, indoor-outdoor relationships, and breath levels of volatile organic compounds in New Jersey , 1993 .

[108]  K. Brown,et al.  An estimation of the risk associated with the organic constituents of hazardous and municipal waste landfill leachates , 1988 .

[109]  D. Mergler,et al.  Cumulative exposure to styrene and visual functions. , 2001, American journal of industrial medicine.

[110]  Robert P. Streicher,et al.  The identification and measurement of components in gasoline, kerosene, and no. 2 fuel oil that partition into the aqueous phase after mixing , 1984 .

[111]  G. Matanoski,et al.  Cancer epidemiology among styrene-butadiene rubber workers. , 1993, IARC scientific publications.

[112]  C. Ong,et al.  Kinetics of styrene urinary metabolites: a study in a low-level occupational exposure setting in Singapore , 1994, International archives of occupational and environmental health.

[113]  J. Lillehaug,et al.  In vitro transformation and tumor promotion studies of styrene and styrene oxide. , 1985, Carcinogenesis.

[114]  Chemical composition of the body , 2007 .

[115]  H. Vainio,et al.  A study on the mutagenic activity of styrene and styrene oxide. , 1976, Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health.

[116]  Joshua T. Cohen,et al.  A COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION OF THE POTENTIAL HEALTH RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE TO STYRENE , 2002, Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part B, Critical reviews.

[117]  J. Morris Uptake of styrene in the upper respiratory tract of the CD mouse and Sprague-Dawley rat. , 2000, Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology.

[118]  Jay M. Arena,et al.  Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products , 1964 .

[119]  Mustafa Dosemeci,et al.  Occupational Exposures and Female Breast Cancer Mortality in the United States , 1995, Journal of occupational and environmental medicine.

[120]  G. Stoner,et al.  Lung tumors in mice: application to carcinogenesis bioassay. , 1975, Advances in cancer research.

[121]  V. Lund,et al.  The toxicity of styrene to the nasal epithelium of mice and rats: studies on the mode of action and relevance to humans. , 2001, Chemico-biological interactions.

[122]  A. Smargiassi,et al.  Immunological changes among workers occupationally exposed to styrene , 1995, International archives of occupational and environmental health.

[123]  L. Fuortes,et al.  Biomonitoring of occupational exposure to styrene in a plastics lamination plant. , 1999, Mutation research.

[124]  G. Carlson,et al.  Metabolism of styrene by human liver and lung. , 2000, Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A.

[125]  Barbara Zielinska,et al.  The composition and concentration of hydrocarbons in the range of C2 to C18 emitted from motor vehicles , 1994 .

[126]  M. Ishidate,et al.  Chromosomal aberration tests on 29 chemicals combined with S9 mix in vitro. , 1979, Mutation research.

[127]  W. Roy,et al.  Mobility of organic solvents in water-saturated soil materials , 1985 .

[128]  P. Pfäffli,et al.  Accumulation of styrene monomer and neurochemical effects of long-term inhalation exposure in rats. , 1978, Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health.

[129]  F. Oyen,et al.  Toxicological studies of certain alkylated benzenes and benzene; experiments on laboratory animals. , 1956, A.M.A. archives of industrial health.

[130]  Antti Tossavainen,et al.  Occupational Exposure to Chemical Agents in Finland , 1994 .

[131]  K. Hemminki,et al.  Persistence of O6-guanine DNA adducts in styrene-exposed lamination workers determined by 32P-postlabelling. , 1994, Carcinogenesis.

[132]  H K Wilson,et al.  An investigation of the acute behavioural effects of styrene on factory workers. , 1980, British journal of industrial medicine.

[133]  P. Dalton,et al.  Evaluation of long-term occupational exposure to styrene vapor on olfactory function. , 2007, Chemical senses.

[134]  J. Bonde Occupational risk to male reproduction , 1999, Giornale italiano di medicina del lavoro ed ergonomia.

[135]  Y. Saijo,et al.  Influence of genetic polymorphisms of styrene-metabolizing enzymes and smoking habits on levels of urinary metabolites after occupational exposure to styrene. , 2005, Toxicology letters.

[136]  K. Reijula,et al.  Measurement and analysis of nicotine and other VOCs in indoor air as an indicator of passive smoking. , 1998, The Annals of occupational hygiene.

[137]  Bioassay of Styrene for Possible Carcinogenicity (CAS No.100-42-5). , 1979, National Toxicology Program technical report series.

[138]  C. Maltoni,et al.  Long‐Term Carcinogenicity Bioassays on Styrene Administered by Inhalation, Ingestion and Injection and Styrene Oxide Administered by Ingestion in Sprague‐Dawley Rats, and Para‐Methylstyrene Administered by Ingestion in Sprague‐Dawley Rats and Swiss Mice , 1988, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[139]  K. Kurppa,et al.  Screening for occupational exposures and congenital malformations Preliminary results from a nationwide case-referent study , 1983 .

[140]  L. Bisanti,et al.  Time to pregnancy among male workers of the reinforced plastics industry in Denmark, Italy and The Netherlands. ASCLEPIOS. , 2000, Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health.

[141]  R. Preston,et al.  A critical review of the cytogenetic effects of styrene with an emphasis on human population monitoring: a synopsis. , 1994, Critical reviews in toxicology.

[142]  D. Jégaden,et al.  Study of the neurobehavioural toxicity of styrene at low levels of exposure , 1993, International archives of occupational and environmental health.

[143]  T. Bruckner,et al.  Occupational styrene exposure and neurobehavioural functions: a cohort study with repeated measurements , 2009, International archives of occupational and environmental health.

[144]  A. Alford-Stevens,et al.  MEASUREMENT OF PURGEABLE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN WATER BY CAPILLARY COLUMN GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMETRY , 1992 .

[145]  B. Eitzer,et al.  Emissions of volatile organic chemicals from municipal solid waste composting facilities. , 1995, Environmental science & technology.

[146]  A. Cavalleri,et al.  Urinary styrene in the biological monitoring of styrene exposure. , 1993, Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health.

[147]  K. Hemminki,et al.  Biomarkers of styrene exposure in lamination workers: levels of O6-guanine DNA adducts, DNA strand breaks and mutant frequencies in the hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase gene in T-lymphocytes. , 1995, Carcinogenesis.

[148]  Humood F. Al-Mudhaf,et al.  A survey of organic contaminants in household and bottled drinking waters in Kuwait. , 2009, The Science of the total environment.

[149]  L. Wallace,et al.  The Total Exposure Assessment Methodology (Team) Study: Direct Measurement of Personal Exposures through Air and Water for 600 Residents of Several U.S. Cities , 1986 .

[150]  T. Katoh,et al.  Sub-chronic effects of styrene and styrene oxide on lipid peroxidation and the metabolism of glutathione in rat liver and brain. , 1989, The Journal of toxicological sciences.

[151]  S. Hernberg,et al.  Disturbances in psychological functions of workers occupationally exposed to styrene. , 1976, Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health.

[152]  W. Kessler,et al.  Direct determination of styrene-7,8-oxide in blood by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. , 1990, Journal of chromatography.

[153]  R. Barale,et al.  The genetic toxicology of styrene and styrene oxide. , 1991, Mutation research.

[154]  W. P. Watson,et al.  Quantification of DNA adducts formed in liver, lungs, and isolated lung cells of rats and mice exposed to (14)C-styrene by nose-only inhalation. , 2000, Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology.

[155]  M. Kogevinas,et al.  Exposure to styrene and mortality from nervous system diseases and mental disorders. , 1996, American journal of epidemiology.

[156]  P. van Bladeren,et al.  Stereoselective oxidation of styrene to styrene oxide in rats as measured by mercapturic acid excretion. , 1981, Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems.

[157]  R. Kishi,et al.  Relation between colour vision loss and occupational styrene exposure level , 2002, Occupational and environmental medicine.

[158]  M. Kogevinas,et al.  Exposure to styrene and mortality from nonmalignant diseases of the genitourinary system. , 1996, Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health.

[159]  Keith A. Johnson,et al.  Two generation reproduction study of styrene by inhalation in Crl-CD rats. , 2005, Birth defects research. Part B, Developmental and reproductive toxicology.

[160]  F. Gobba Color vision: a sensitive indicator of exposure to neurotoxins. , 2000, Neurotoxicology.

[161]  David A. Sabatini,et al.  Contamination of public ground water supplies by Superfund sites , 1994 .

[162]  A. Yasuhara,et al.  Screening of Volatile Organic Compounds in River Sediment , 1997, Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology.

[163]  C. S. Ford,et al.  A review of organic emissions from selected combustion processes , 1980 .

[164]  H. Utsumi,et al.  Mutagenicity Characteristics of 255 Environmental Chemicals , 2002 .

[165]  M. Sorsa Butadiene and styrene : assessment of health hazards , 1993 .

[166]  M. Jakubowski,et al.  Assessment of biotransformation of the arene moiety of styrene in volunteers and occupationally exposed workers. , 2003, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology.

[167]  M. Imbriani,et al.  Determination of specific mercapturic acids as an index of exposure to environmental benzene, toluene, and styrene. , 1997, Industrial health.

[168]  H. Bolt,et al.  Intervention study on the influence of reduction of occupational exposure to styrene on sister chromatid exchanges in lymphocytes , 1994, International archives of occupational and environmental health.

[169]  J. Young,et al.  Pharmacokinetics of inhaled styrene in rats and humans. , 1978, Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health.

[170]  J. S. Leeder,et al.  Pharmacogenetics in pediatrics. Implications for practice. , 1997, Pediatric clinics of North America.

[171]  W. S. Updegrove,et al.  Hydrocarbon gases emitted from vehicles on the road. 1. A qualitative gas chromatography/mass spectrometry survey. , 1982, Environmental science & technology.

[172]  G. Matanoski,et al.  Mortality of workers in styrene-butadiene polymer production. , 1987, Journal of occupational medicine. : official publication of the Industrial Medical Association.

[173]  K. Hemminki,et al.  32P-postlabeling of DNA adducts of styrene-exposed lamination workers. , 1993, Carcinogenesis.

[174]  G. Carlson Influence of Selected Inhibitors on the Metabolism of the Styrene Metabolite 4-Vinylphenol in Wild-Type and CYP2E1 Knockout Mice , 2004, Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A.

[175]  Y. Alarie,et al.  Sister chromatid exchange in murine alveolar macrophages, bone marrow, and regenerating liver cells induced by styrene inhalation. , 1980, Toxicology and applied pharmacology.

[176]  L. Odkvist,et al.  Influence of vapours on the nasal mucosa among industry workers. , 1985, Rhinology.

[177]  G. Loquet,et al.  Cochlear pathology induced by styrene. , 2001, Neurotoxicology and teratology.

[178]  R. D. Waddell,et al.  Purgeable organic compounds in mother's milk , 1982, Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology.

[179]  L. Beckman,et al.  Chromosomal aberrations in lymphocytes of workers exposed to low levels of styrene. , 1984, Human heredity.

[180]  P. Marraccini,et al.  Urinary determination of N-acetyl-S-(N-methylcarbamoyl)cysteine and N-methylformamide in workers exposed to N,N-dimethylformamide , 2002, International archives of occupational and environmental health.

[181]  R. Preston,et al.  Studies of the induction of chromosomal aberration and sister chromatid exchange in rats exposed to styrene by inhalation. , 1993, IARC scientific publications.

[182]  U. Mayr,et al.  Validation of two in vitro test systems for estrogenic activities with zearalenone, phytoestrogens and cereal extracts. , 1992, Toxicology.

[183]  H. Norppa,et al.  Induction of chromosome aberrations by styrene and vinylacetate in cultured human lymphocytes: dependence on erythrocytes. , 1986, Mutation research.

[184]  A. Aitio,et al.  Analysis and stability of phenylglyoxylic and mandelic acids in the urine of styrene-exposed people , 1993, International archives of occupational and environmental health.

[185]  H. Prommer,et al.  Modelling the fate of styrene in a mixed petroleum hydrocarbon plume. , 2009, Journal of contaminant hydrology.

[186]  J. Young,et al.  PHARMACOKINETICS OF INHALED OR INTRAPERITONEALLY ADMINISTERED STYRENE IN RATS , 1979 .

[187]  P. Seth,et al.  Effect of gestational and neonatal styrene exposure on dopamine receptors. , 1985, Neurobehavioral toxicology and teratology.

[188]  M. Andersen,et al.  Inhalation pharmacokinetics: evaluating systemic extraction, total in vivo metabolism, and the time course of enzyme induction for inhaled styrene in rats based on arterial blood:inhaled air concentration ratios. , 1984, Toxicology and applied pharmacology.

[189]  N. Ozawa,et al.  Studies on metabolism and toxicity of styrene. IV. 1-Vinylbenzene 3, 4-oxide, a potent mutagen formed as a possible intermediate in the metabolism in vivo of styrene to 4-vinylphenol. , 1982, Mutation research.

[190]  Michael E. Barsan,et al.  NIOSH pocket guide to chemical hazards , 2007 .

[191]  T Dutkiewicz,et al.  Skin absorption of toluene, styrene, and xylene by man. , 1968, British journal of industrial medicine.

[192]  H. Norppa,et al.  Mutagenicity Studies on Styrene and Vinyl Acetate a , 1988, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[193]  R. L. Adams,et al.  Cytogenetic evaluation of bone marrow cells from rats exposed to styrene vapor for one year. , 1983, Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology.

[194]  W R Ott,et al.  Everyday exposure to toxic pollutants. , 1998, Scientific American.

[195]  Bing-qing Chen,et al.  Effect of prenatal exposure to styrene on the neurobehavioral development, activity, motor coordination, and learning behavior of rats. , 1995, Neurotoxicology and teratology.

[196]  H. Andersson,et al.  Chromosomal aberrations and sister-chromatid exchanges in lymphocytes of men occupationally exposed to styrene in a plastic-boat factory. , 1980, Mutation research.

[197]  J. Bozzelli,et al.  Monitoring volatile organic compounds at hazardous and sanitary landfills in New jersey , 1985 .

[198]  R. Srivastava,et al.  Emissions of organic hazardous air pollutants from the combustion of pulverized coal in a small-scale combustor. , 1994, Environmental science & technology.

[199]  L. Costa,et al.  Effects of ethanol administration on cerebral non-protein sulfhydryl content in rats exposed to styrene vapour. , 1996, Toxicology.

[200]  L. Knudsen,et al.  Human biological monitoring of occupational genotoxic exposures. , 1993, Pharmacology & toxicology.

[201]  T. Ng,et al.  Impairment of color vision among workers exposed to low concentrations of styrene. , 1994, American journal of industrial medicine.

[202]  H. Vainio,et al.  Occupational styrene exposure and chromosomal aberrations , 1977 .

[203]  A. Mazzucchi,et al.  Exposure-effect and exposure-response relationships between occupational exposure to styrene and neuropsychological functions. , 1984, American journal of industrial medicine.

[204]  Susan Budavari,et al.  The Merck index : an encyclopedia of chemicals, drugs, and biologicals , 1983 .

[205]  A. Okun,et al.  Mortality patterns among workers exposed to styrene in the reinforced plastic boatbuilding industry: an update. , 2004, American journal of industrial medicine.

[206]  Lance Wallace,et al.  Personal exposures, indoor and outdoor air concentrations, and exhaled breath concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds measured for 600 residents of New Jersey, North Dakota, North Carolina and California† , 1986 .

[207]  L. Perbellini,et al.  Biological monitoring of styrene exposure and possible interference of acetone co-exposure , 1997, International archives of occupational and environmental health.

[208]  P. Clay Styrene monomer does not induce unscheduled DNA synthesis in the mouse liver following inhalation exposure. , 2004, Mutagenesis.

[209]  M. W. Ogden,et al.  Determination of volatile organic compounds and ETS apportionment in 49 homes , 1995 .

[210]  M. Guillemin,et al.  Study of some hepatic effects (induction and toxicity) caused by occupational exposure to styrene in the polyester industry. , 1980, Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health.

[211]  H. Norppa,et al.  Genetic toxicity of 1,3-butadiene and styrene. , 1993, IARC scientific publications.

[212]  Jia-Lin Wang,et al.  Concentration Variability of Anthropogenic Halocarbons and Applications as Internal Reference in Volatile Organic Compound Measurements , 2000 .

[213]  许旱峤,et al.  Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology数据库介绍及实例 , 2007 .

[214]  Wendell L. Dilling,et al.  Interphase transfer processes. II. Evaporation rates of chloro methanes, ethanes, ethylenes, propanes, and propylenes from dilute aqueous solutions. Comparisons with theoretical predictions , 1977 .

[215]  M. Kogevinas,et al.  Acute health effects after accidental exposure to styrene from drinking water in Spain , 2003, Environmental health : a global access science source.

[216]  R. Frentzel-Beyme,et al.  An application of the challenge assay in boat builders exposed to low levels of styrene--a feasibility study of a possible biomarker for acquired susceptibility. , 2001, International journal of hygiene and environmental health.

[217]  W. Bouhamra Determination of volatile organic compounds in indoor and ambient air of residences in Kuwait , 1997 .

[218]  G. Eisenbrand,et al.  Estimation of human exposure to styrene and ethylbenzene. , 2000, Toxicology.

[219]  R. Sram,et al.  Cytogenetic analysis of human peripheral blood lymphocytes in culture exposed in vitro to styrene and styrene oxide. , 1984, Journal of hygiene, epidemiology, microbiology, and immunology.

[220]  J. Siemiatycki,et al.  Associations between several sites of cancer and occupational exposure to benzene, toluene, xylene, and styrene: results of a case-control study in Montreal. , 1998, American journal of industrial medicine.

[221]  Gurumurthy Ramachandran,et al.  Children’s Exposure to Volatile Organic Compounds as Determined by Longitudinal Measurements in Blood , 2004, Environmental health perspectives.

[222]  J. Filser,et al.  Pharmacokinetic interaction between 1,3-butadiene and styrene in Sprague-Dawley rats , 2005, Archives of Toxicology.

[223]  E. Nestmann,et al.  Perspectives On The Genotoxic Risk Of Styrene , 2005, Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part B, Critical reviews.

[224]  P. Kyyrönen,et al.  Spontaneous abortions among women employed in the plastics industry. , 1985, American journal of industrial medicine.

[225]  R. Newhook,et al.  Exposure to styrene in the general Canadian population. , 1993, IARC scientific publications.

[226]  Roger Atkinson,et al.  Atmospheric degradation of volatile organic compounds. , 2003, Chemical reviews.

[227]  R. R. Albee,et al.  Abnormal Auditory Brainstem Responses and Cochlear Pathology in Rats Induced by an Exaggerated Styrene Exposure Regimen , 1992, Toxicologic pathology.

[228]  P. Campo,et al.  Solvent ototoxicity in the rat and guinea pig. , 2003, Neurotoxicology and teratology.

[229]  G. Matanoski,et al.  Lymphohematopoietic Cancers and Butadiene and Styrene Exposure in Synthetic Rubber Manufacture a , 1997, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[230]  B. Mannervik,et al.  Detoxification of Styrene Oxide by Human Liver Glutathione Transferase , 1987, Human toxicology.

[231]  T. Ikeda,et al.  Neurochemical effects in rats following gestational exposure to styrene. , 1992, Toxicology letters.

[232]  J. Chmielewski,et al.  Clinical and experimental studies on the pathogenesis of toxic effects of styrene. II. The effect of styrene on the respiratory system. , 1975, Bulletin of the Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine in Gdynia.

[233]  S. Rappaport,et al.  Measurement of styrene-oxide cysteine adducts in hemoglobin by selective catalytic reduction. , 1991, Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology.

[234]  M. Gibney,et al.  Use of a food-consumption database with packaging information to estimate exposure to food-packaging migrants: expoxidized soybean oil and styrene monomer , 2007, Food additives and contaminants.

[235]  J. Withey Quantitative analysis of styrene monomer in polystyrene and foods including some preliminary studies of the uptake and pharmacodynamics of the monomer in rats. , 1976, Environmental health perspectives.

[236]  G. Carlson,et al.  Comparison of mouse strains for susceptibility to styrene-induced hepatotoxicity and pneumotoxicity. , 1997, Journal of toxicology and environmental health.

[237]  K. Hemminki,et al.  Reproductive hazards and plastics industry. , 1984, Progress in clinical and biological research.

[238]  S. Oparil,et al.  The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III , 2001 .

[239]  Stephen S. Chang,et al.  Isolation and identification of volatile compounds from fried chicken , 1983 .

[240]  S. M. Brooks,et al.  Reproductive outcomes of pregnant workers employed at 36 reinforced plastics companies. II. Lowered birth weight. , 1989, Journal of occupational medicine. : official publication of the Industrial Medical Association.

[241]  Shing-Bong Chen,et al.  Characterization of Volatile Organic Chemical Emissions From Carpet Cushions. , 1996, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association.

[242]  J. Withey,et al.  Fetal distribution of styrene in rats after vapor phase exposures. , 1985, Biological research in pregnancy and perinatology.

[243]  Robert Matthews,et al.  1,3-Butadiene and leukemia among synthetic rubber industry workers: exposure-response relationships. , 2007, Chemico-biological interactions.

[244]  P. Biswas,et al.  Characterization of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Particulate and Gaseous Emissions from Polystyrene Combustion , 1998 .

[245]  L. Costa,et al.  Effect of subchronic ethanol ingestion on styrene‐induced damage to the tracheal and pulmonary epithelium of the rat , 1998, Journal of applied toxicology : JAT.

[246]  J. A. Bond,et al.  Pharmacokinetic model describing the disposition of butadiene and styrene in mice. , 1996, Toxicology.

[247]  Henk J. M. Verhaar,et al.  QSAR modelling of soil sorption. Improvements and systematics of log KOC vs. log KOW correlations , 1995 .

[248]  P. Brown-Woodman,et al.  In vitro assessment of individual and interactive effects of aromatic hydrocarbons on embryonic development of the rat. , 1994, Reproductive toxicology.

[249]  S. Durham,et al.  Occupational asthma due to styrene. , 1991, Thorax.

[250]  Frederick W. Pontius,et al.  Appendix A: Summary Tables of Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories , 2003 .

[251]  F. Register National primary and secondary drinking water regulations , 1989 .

[252]  Volatile organic compounds in drinking water , 1998 .

[253]  Shuji Fujii,et al.  Indoor air quality for chemical and ultrafine particle contaminants from printers , 2007 .

[254]  H. Järventaus,et al.  Influence of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes on sister chromatid exchange induction by styrene in cultured human lymphocytes. , 2002, Carcinogenesis.

[255]  W. Kessler,et al.  Styrene-7,8-oxide in blood of workers exposed to styrene , 2009, Archives of Toxicology.

[256]  T. Kawai,et al.  Effects of low-level occupational exposure to styrene on color vision: dose relation with a urinary metabolite. , 2001, Environmental research.

[257]  H. Kromhout,et al.  Trends in Occupational Exposure to Styrene in the European Glass Fibre-Reinforced Plastics Industry , 2008, The Annals of occupational hygiene.

[258]  M. Soma,et al.  Fetus-specific expression of a form of cytochrome P-450 in human livers. , 1990, Biochemistry.

[259]  W. Yuan,et al.  Investigation of bioactivation and toxicity of styrene in CYP2E1 transgenic cells. , 2006, Toxicology.

[260]  G. Truchon,et al.  Visual dysfunction among styrene-exposed workers. , 1995, Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health.

[261]  S. Theobald BEVERAGES , 1931, Medizinische Monatsschrift fur Pharmazeuten.

[262]  R. Herber,et al.  Effects on the kidney of occupational exposure to styrene , 1998, International archives of occupational and environmental health.

[263]  D. Morgan,et al.  Comparison of styrene hepatotoxicity in B6C3F1 and Swiss mice. , 1995, Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology.

[264]  R. Baker,et al.  Evaluation of the atmosphere as a source of volatile organic compounds in shallow groundwater , 1999 .

[265]  M. Heitz,et al.  Trace gas compound emissions from municipal landfill sanitary sites , 1994 .

[266]  R. Tardif,et al.  Effects of peak concentrations on the neurotoxicity of styrene in volunteers , 2003, Human & experimental toxicology.

[267]  S. Minotti,et al.  Assessment of the neurotoxicity of styrene, styrene oxide, and styrene glycol in primary cultures of motor and sensory neurons. , 1995, Toxicology letters.

[268]  E. E. Kenaga Predicted bioconcentration factors and soil sorption coefficients of pesticides and other chemicals. , 1980, Ecotoxicology and environmental safety.

[269]  M. Shamy,et al.  Chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei in reinforced plastics workers exposed to styrene. , 1995, Mutation research.

[270]  M. Kogevinas,et al.  Cancer mortality in a historical cohort study of workers exposed to styrene. , 1994, Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health.

[271]  D. D. Irish,et al.  The Response of Laboratory Animals to Monomeric Styrene. , 1942 .

[272]  Robert E Smith,et al.  Volatile organic compounds in foods: a five year study. , 2003, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[273]  A. Löf,et al.  Kinetics of styrene in workers from a plastics industry after controlled exposure: a comparison with subjects not previously exposed. , 1986, British journal of industrial medicine.

[274]  A. Smargiassi,et al.  Peripheral markers of catecholaminergic dysfunction and symptoms of neurotoxicity among styrene-exposed workers , 1997, International archives of occupational and environmental health.

[275]  K. Markides,et al.  Supercritical fluid chromatography , 1987, Nature.

[276]  K. Lindström,et al.  Alcohol consumption and tolerance of workers exposed to styrene in relation to level of exposure and psychological symptoms and signs. , 1978, Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health.

[277]  M. Kogevinas,et al.  Cancer mortality in an international cohort of workers exposed to styrene. , 1993, IARC scientific publications.

[278]  Y. Coyle,et al.  An ecological study of the association of environmental chemicals on breast cancer incidence in Texas , 2005, Breast Cancer Research and Treatment.

[279]  M. I C H A E,et al.  Volatile Organic Compounds in Untreated Ambient Groundwater of the United States , 1985-1995 , 1999 .

[280]  E. Capodaglio,et al.  Urinary elimination of styrene in experimental and occupational exposure. , 1985, Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health.

[281]  A Sato,et al.  Partition coefficients of some aromatic hydrocarbons and ketones in water, blood and oil. , 1979, British journal of industrial medicine.

[282]  Timo Assmuth,et al.  Concentrations and toxicological significance of trace organic compounds in municipal solid waste landfill gas , 1992 .

[283]  J. Fawell,et al.  Identification and assessment of hazardous compounds in drinking water. , 1985, The Science of the total environment.

[284]  T. Ledin,et al.  Otoneurological findings in workers exposed to styrene. , 1990, Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health.

[285]  G. Loquet,et al.  Combined effects of exposure to styrene and ethanol on the auditory function in the rat , 2000, Hearing Research.

[286]  B. Blount,et al.  An improved approach for accurate quantitation of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, and styrene in blood. , 2006, Analytical chemistry.

[287]  R. Kishi,et al.  Effects of styrene exposure on vibration perception threshold. , 2009, Neurotoxicology.

[288]  W. E. Wilson,et al.  Effect of acrylamide on neurotransmitter metabolism and neuropeptide levels in several brain regions and upon circulating hormones , 2004, Archives of Toxicology.

[289]  D. Ashley,et al.  Blood concentrations of volatile organic compounds in a nonoccupationally exposed US population and in groups with suspected exposure. , 1994, Clinical chemistry.

[290]  R. Lemen,et al.  Environmental epidemiologic investigation of the styrene-butadiene rubber industry. Mortality patterns with discussion of the hematopoietic and lymphatic malignancies. , 1982, Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health.

[291]  H. Veulemans,et al.  Neurobehavioural changes and persistence of complaints in workers exposed to styrene in a polyester boat building plant: influence of exposure characteristics and microsomal epoxide hydrolase phenotype , 2001, Occupational and environmental medicine.

[292]  A. Ihrig,et al.  Intervention Study on Acquired Color Vision Deficiencies in Styrene-Exposed Workers , 2001, Journal of occupational and environmental medicine.

[293]  Miss A.O. Penney (b) , 1974, The New Yale Book of Quotations.

[294]  G. Mastrangelo,et al.  Lung cancer risk in the vinyl chloride industry , 2005, Cancer Causes & Control.

[295]  M. Passeri,et al.  Impaired dopaminergic modulation of pituitary secretion in workers occupationally exposed to styrene: further evidence from PRL response to TRH stimulation. , 1987, Journal of occupational medicine. : official publication of the Industrial Medical Association.

[296]  B. W. Lawton,et al.  The ototoxicity of styrene: a review of occupational investigations , 2006, International archives of occupational and environmental health.

[297]  K. Hemminki,et al.  Reaction products of styrene oxide with deoxynucleosides and DNA in vitro. , 1986, Archives of toxicology. Supplement. = Archiv fur Toxikologie. Supplement.

[298]  Thomas J. Smith,et al.  Effects of Exposure to Organic Solvents on Menstrual Cycle Length , 2001, Journal of occupational and environmental medicine.

[299]  G. Loquet,et al.  Combined effects of noise and styrene exposure on hearing function in the rat , 2000, Hearing Research.

[300]  L. Fechter,et al.  Effects of acute styrene and simultaneous noise exposure on auditory function in the guinea pig. , 1993, Neurotoxicology and teratology.

[301]  J. Chao,et al.  Vapor Pressure of Coal Chemicals , 1983 .

[302]  U. Epa,et al.  The Exposure Factors Handbook , 1995 .

[303]  G. Carlson,et al.  Effects of inhibitors of CYP1A and CYP2B on styrene metabolism in mouse liver and lung microsomes. , 1998, Toxicology letters.

[304]  T. Bruckner,et al.  Occupational styrene exposure, colour vision and contrast sensitivity: a cohort study with repeated measurements , 2009, International archives of occupational and environmental health.

[305]  K. Golka,et al.  A note on individual differences in the urinary excretion of optical enantiomers of styrene metabolities and of styrene-derived mercapturic acids in humans , 2009, Archives of Toxicology.

[306]  L. Kupper,et al.  The relationship between environmental monitoring and biological markers in exposure assessment. , 1995, Environmental health perspectives.

[307]  S. Chakrabarti,et al.  Effects of different styrene metabolites on cytotoxicity, sister-chromatid exchanges and cell-cycle kinetics in human whole blood lymphocytes in vitro. , 1993, Mutation research.

[308]  K. Hemminki,et al.  DNA adducts, strand breaks and micronuclei in mice exposed to styrene by inhalation. , 2001, Chemico-biological interactions.

[309]  K Lenvik,et al.  Occupational exposure to styrene in Norway, 1972-1996. , 1999, Applied occupational and environmental hygiene.

[310]  C. Viau,et al.  Evaluation of the nephrotoxic potential of styrene in man and in rat , 1987, Journal of applied toxicology : JAT.

[311]  L. Costa,et al.  Effect of styrene on monoamine oxidase B activity in rat brain. , 1999, Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A.

[312]  M. Andersen,et al.  Risk Assessment Extrapolations and Physiological Modeling , 1985, Toxicology and industrial health.

[313]  A. Seppäläinen,et al.  Neurophysiological findings among workers occupationally exposed to styrene. , 1976, Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health.

[314]  Randall C.Baselt,et al.  Biological monitoring methods for industrial chemicals , 1980 .

[315]  R. Harley,et al.  Modeling the concentrations of gas-phase toxic organic air pollutants: direct emissions and atmospheric formation. , 1994, Environmental science & technology.

[316]  J. R. West,et al.  Glomerular filtration rate, effective renal blood flow, and maximal tubular excretory capacity in infancy. , 1948, The Journal of pediatrics.

[317]  K. Hemminki,et al.  The role of various biomarkers in the evaluation of styrene genotoxicity. , 2003, Cancer detection and prevention.

[318]  M. Ikeda,et al.  Effects of methanol on styrene metabolism among workers occupationally exposed at low concentrations , 1995, Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology.

[319]  P. Corey,et al.  An investigation of the association between exposure to styrene and hearing loss. , 1995, Annals of epidemiology.

[320]  J. Lamb,et al.  A review of the developmental and reproductive toxicity of styrene. , 2000, Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP.

[321]  J. F. McNabb,et al.  Biotransformation of selected organic pollutants in ground water , 1983 .

[322]  J Sakaguchi,et al.  Field survey of indoor air quality in detached houses in Niigata Prefecture. , 2003, Indoor air.

[323]  P. Campo,et al.  Consequences of noise- or styrene-induced cochlear damages on glutamate decarboxylase levels in the rat inferior colliculus , 2004, Hearing Research.

[324]  C. Edling,et al.  Exposure dependent increase in DNA single strand breaks in leucocytes from workers exposed to low concentrations of styrene. , 1993, British journal of industrial medicine.

[325]  G. B. Bartolucci,et al.  Biological monitoring of workers exposed to styrene and acetone , 1993, International archives of occupational and environmental health.

[326]  S. Dally,et al.  Subclinical impairment of colour vision among workers exposed to styrene. , 1992, British journal of industrial medicine.

[327]  H. Hodge,et al.  Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products , 1969 .

[328]  G. Speit,et al.  Review of the in vivo genotoxicity tests performed with styrene. , 2005, Mutation research.

[329]  R. Wiseman,et al.  Development and evaluation of a procedure for determining volatile organics in water. , 1988, Environmental science & technology.

[330]  M. Parkki The role of glutathione in the toxicity of styrene. , 1978, Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health.

[331]  S. Fregert,et al.  Contact allergy to styrene and related chemicals , 1984, Contact dermatitis.

[332]  Mitsuru Mori,et al.  The Blood-Testis Barrier , 1980 .

[333]  L. Erdreich,et al.  Interim methods for development of inhalation reference concentrations. Draft report , 1990 .

[334]  A. Mutti,et al.  Styrene-induced changes in amacrine retinal cells: an experimental study in the rat. , 2000, Neurotoxicology.

[335]  Wilson Rh HEALTH HAZARDS ENCOUNTERED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SYNTHETIC RUBBER , 1944 .

[336]  J. Bigby Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine , 1988 .

[337]  C. Galassi,et al.  Acquired Dyschromatopsia among Styrene-Exposed Workers , 1991, Journal of occupational medicine. : official publication of the Industrial Medical Association.

[338]  H. Schwegler,et al.  Chromosome investigations in lymphocytes of workers employed in areas in which styrene-containing unsaturated polyester resins are manufactured. , 1980, American journal of industrial medicine.

[339]  T. Ikeda,et al.  Effects of prenatal styrene exposure on postnatal development and brain serotonin and catecholamine levels in rats. , 2001, Environmental research.

[340]  K. Hemminki,et al.  Cancer incidence among Finnish workers exposed to aromatic hydrocarbons , 1998, Journal of occupational and environmental medicine.

[341]  M. Kogevinas,et al.  Exposure to styrene and mortality from nonmalignant respiratory diseases. , 1996, Occupational and environmental medicine.

[342]  Paul V. Roberts,et al.  A critical review of Henry's law constants for environmental applications , 1996 .

[343]  S. Vainiotalo,et al.  Measurement of 16 volatile organic compounds in restaurant air contaminated with environmental tobacco smoke. , 2008, Environmental research.

[344]  A. Mutti,et al.  Polymorphism of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes and excretion of styrene-specific mercapturic acids. , 2001, Chemical research in toxicology.

[345]  P. Boogaard,et al.  Disposition of [Ring-U-(14)C]styrene in rats and mice exposed by recirculating nose-only inhalation. , 2000, Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology.

[346]  R. Sielken,et al.  Dose-response implications of the University of Alabama study of lymphohematopoietic cancer among workers exposed to 1,3-butadiene and styrene in the synthetic rubber industry. , 2001, Chemico-biological interactions.

[347]  P. Seth,et al.  Effect of protein malnutrition on the neurobehavioural toxicity of styrene in young rats , 1994, Journal of applied toxicology : JAT.

[348]  H. Wieczorek,et al.  Kinetic interpretation of the exposure test for styrene , 1988, International archives of occupational and environmental health.

[349]  W. Lutz,et al.  DNA adducts of styrene-7,8-oxide in target and non-target organs for tumor induction in rat and mouse after repeated inhalation exposure to styrene. , 2002, Mutation research.

[350]  J. M. Christensen,et al.  Determination of the urinary metabolites of styrene: estimation of the method evaluation function and evaluation of reference values in Danish subjects , 1994, International archives of occupational and environmental health.

[351]  P. Bushnell,et al.  Human Neurobehavioral Effects of Long-Term Exposure to Styrene: A Meta-Analysis , 2005, Environmental health perspectives.

[352]  G. Loquet,et al.  Comparison of toluene-induced and styrene-induced hearing losses. , 1999, Neurotoxicology and teratology.

[353]  B. Samimi,et al.  Monitoring of workers exposure to low levels of airborne monomers in a polystyrene production plant. , 1982, American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal.

[354]  A. Endo,et al.  Mutagenic potential of styrene in man. , 1981, Industrial health.

[355]  S. Kežić,et al.  Stereochemical metabolism of styrene in volunteers , 2001, International archives of occupational and environmental health.

[356]  Sujit Banerjee,et al.  Water solubility and octanol/water partition coefficients of organics. Limitations of the solubility-partition coefficient correlation , 1980 .

[357]  L. Kupper,et al.  Comparison of average estimated metabolic rates for styrene in previously exposed and unexposed groups with pharmacokinetic modelling. , 1996, Occupational and environmental medicine.

[358]  Ramesh N. Patel,et al.  Epoxidation of Short-Chain Alkenes by Resting-Cell Suspensions of Propane-Grown Bacteria , 1983, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[359]  D. R. Stoltz,et al.  Mutagenicity testing of styrene and styrene epoxide inSalmonella typhimurium , 1977, Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology.

[360]  O. Vitrac,et al.  Consumer exposure to substances in plastic packaging. I. Assessment of the contribution of styrene from yogurt pots , 2007, Food additives and contaminants.

[361]  A. Okun,et al.  Mortality patterns among styrene-exposed boatbuilders. , 1985, American journal of industrial medicine.

[362]  M. F. Mohamed,et al.  Volatile organic compounds in some urban locations in United States. , 2002, Chemosphere.

[363]  Linda Sheldon,et al.  Evaluation of a Test Method for Measuring Indoor Air Emissions from Dry-Process Photocopiers. , 1998, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association.

[364]  I. Selikoff,et al.  Mortality experience of styrene-polystyrene polymerization workers. Initial findings. , 1978, Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health.

[365]  G. Daston,et al.  The role of metallothionein induction and altered zinc status in maternally mediated developmental toxicity: comparison of the effects of urethane and styrene in rats. , 1991, Toxicology and applied pharmacology.

[366]  Children Pesticides in the Diets of Infants and Children , 1993 .

[367]  E. Symanski,et al.  An investigation of multiple biomarkers among workers exposed to styrene and styrene-7,8-oxide. , 1996, Cancer research.

[368]  M. Ogata,et al.  Simultaneous determination of urinary creatinine and metabolites of toluene, xylene, styrene, ethylbenzene and phenol by automated high performance liquid chromatography , 1988, International archives of occupational and environmental health.

[369]  M. Hill,et al.  A Health Risk Benchmark for the Neurologic Effects of Styrene: Comparison with NOAEL/LOAEL Approach , 2001, Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis.

[370]  A. Giwercman,et al.  Change in semen quality and sperm chromatin structure following occupational styrene exposure , 1999, International archives of occupational and environmental health.

[371]  L. Bisanti,et al.  Time to pregnancy for men occupationally exposed to styrene in several European reinforced plastics companies. Asclepios. , 1999, Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health.

[372]  M E Andersen,et al.  Partition coefficients of low-molecular-weight volatile chemicals in various liquids and tissues. , 1989, Toxicology and applied pharmacology.

[373]  H. Norppa,et al.  Inactivity of styrene in the mouse sperm morphology test. , 1985, Toxicology letters.

[374]  P. Cole,et al.  A follow-up study of synthetic rubber workers. , 1996, Toxicology.

[375]  M. Chalansonnet,et al.  Effects of subchronic exposure to styrene on the extracellular and tissue levels of dopamine, serotonin and their metabolites in rat brain , 2006, Archives of Toxicology.

[376]  L. Perbellini,et al.  Blood styrene concentrations in a “normal” population and in exposed workers 16 hours after the end of the workshift , 1993, International archives of occupational and environmental health.

[377]  N. Saunders,et al.  Development of Human Blood‐CSF‐Brain Barrier , 1986, Developmental medicine and child neurology.

[378]  A. Iregren,et al.  Low-level styrene exposure and color vision in Swedish styrene workers. , 2005, Environmental toxicology and pharmacology.

[379]  P. Lioy,et al.  Comparison of selected volatile organic compounds during the summer and winter at urban sites in New Jersey , 1984 .

[380]  C. P. Carpenter,et al.  Studies on the Inhalation of 1 : 3-Butadiene ; with a Comparison of its Narcotic Effect with Benzol, Toluol, and Styrene, and a Note on the Elimination of Styrene by the Human. , 1944 .

[381]  R. Rasmussen,et al.  AMBIENT CONCENTRATIONS, SOURCES, EMISSION RATES, AND PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIVITY OF C2-C10 HYDROCARBONS IN PORTO ALEGRE, BRAZIL , 1998 .

[382]  R. Rubenstein,et al.  Chemical Hazards in the Workplace , 1976, Occupational health nursing.

[383]  A. Löf,et al.  Determination of N-acetyl-S-(2-phenyl-2-hydroxyethyl)cysteine in human urine after experimental exposure to styrene , 1992 .

[384]  Hon‐Wing Leung,et al.  Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modelling , 2009 .

[385]  T. Sugiyama,et al.  Styrene monomer primarily induces CYP2B1 mRNA in rat liver , 2005, Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems.

[386]  A. Mutti,et al.  GSTM1 polymorphism and styrene metabolism: insights from an acute accidental exposure. , 2002, Toxicology letters.

[387]  E. Pásaro,et al.  Evaluation of genotoxic effects in a group of workers exposed to low levels of styrene. , 2002, Toxicology.

[388]  F. Oesch,et al.  Spectrum of styrene-induced DNA adducts: the relationship to other biomarkers and prospects in human biomonitoring. , 2002, Mutation research.

[389]  G. Stoner,et al.  Strain a Mouse Lung Tumor Bioassay , 1982 .

[390]  Beatriz Pérez-Cadahía,et al.  Individual sensitivity to DNA damage induced by styrene in vitro: influence of cytochrome p450, epoxide hydrolase and glutathione S-transferase genotypes. , 2003, Toxicology.

[391]  G. Brooks,et al.  Toxic air pollutant/source crosswalk: A screening tool for locating possible sources emitting toxic air pollutants. Second edition. Final report , 1989 .

[392]  M. Ikeda,et al.  The metabolism of styrene in the rat and the stimulatory effect of phenobarbital. , 1971, Toxicology and applied pharmacology.

[393]  K. Wilkins,et al.  Volatile organic compounds from garden waste , 1996 .

[394]  M. Fenske,et al.  An assessment of air toxics in Minnesota. , 2000, Environmental health perspectives.

[395]  Steven N Chillrud,et al.  Exposures to multiple air toxics in New York City. , 2002, Environmental health perspectives.

[396]  H. Poláková,et al.  Analysis of chromosomes in peripheral blood lymphocytes of styrene-exposed workers. , 1988, Mutation research.

[397]  Lance Wallace,et al.  The TEAM Study: Personal Exposures to Toxic Substances in Air, Drinking Water, and Breath of 400 Residents of , 1987 .

[398]  A. Aitio,et al.  Styrene exposure and the liver. , 1984, Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health.

[399]  S. Olin,et al.  Similarities and differences between children and adults: implications for risk assessment , 1992 .

[400]  K. Schaller,et al.  Clinical and neurobehavioural study of the acute and chronic neurotoxicity of styrene. , 1989, British journal of industrial medicine.

[401]  V. Cocheo,et al.  Rubber manufacture: sampling and identification of volatile pollutants. , 1983, American Industrial Hygiene Association journal.

[402]  G. H. Ramsey,et al.  An Empirical Model to Predict Styrene Emissions from Fiber-Reinforced Plastics Fabrication Processes. , 1999, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association.

[403]  A. Cavalleri,et al.  Color vision loss among styrene-exposed workers neurotoxicological threshold assessment. , 1996, Neurotoxicology.

[404]  M. Salmona,et al.  Hepatic and extrahepatic formation and hydration of styrene oxide in vitro in animals of different species and sex , 1978 .

[405]  P. Kongtip,et al.  High performance liquid chromatography for determination of urinary metabolites of toluene, xylene and styrene and its application. , 2008, The Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health.

[406]  I. Hansteen,et al.  Low human exposure to styrene in relation to chromosome breaks, gaps and sister chromatid exchanges. , 2008, Hereditas.

[407]  E. Ziegler,et al.  Absorption and Retention of Lead by Infants , 1978, Pediatric Research.

[408]  Air quality assessment for land disposal of industrial wastes , 1982 .

[409]  N. Sathiakumar,et al.  An updated study of mortality among North American synthetic rubber industry workers , 2005, Occupational and Environmental Medicine.

[410]  J. Konz,et al.  Exposure factors handbook , 1989 .

[411]  B. van Ravenzwaay,et al.  The effects of styrene on lung cells in female mice and rats. , 2004, Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association.

[412]  G. Carlson,et al.  Effects of styrene and styrene oxide on glutathione-related antioxidant enzymes. , 2006, Toxicology.

[413]  E. Mcconnell,et al.  Review of styrene and styrene oxide long-term animal studies. , 1994, Critical reviews in toxicology.

[414]  S. Horiguchi,et al.  Effects of Styrene on Peripheral Nerve Conduction Velocities in Rats , 1997 .

[415]  J. Girman,et al.  Emissions of volatile organic compounds from adhesives with indoor applications , 1986 .

[416]  R. Mcbride,et al.  Fate of Organic Solvents in Landfill Leachates Under Simulated Field Conditions and in Anaerobic Microcosms , 1993 .

[417]  A. Löf,et al.  Biological monitoring of styrene metabolites in blood. , 1986, Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health.

[418]  H. Norppa,et al.  Single‐strand breaks, chromosome aberrations, sister‐chromatid exchanges, and micronuclei in blood lymphocytes of workers exposed to styrene during the production of reinforced plastics , 1991, Environmental and molecular mutagenesis.

[419]  M. Kirsch‐Volders,et al.  Cytogenetic analysis of lymphocytes from fiberglass-reinforced plastics workers occupationally exposed to styrene. , 1994, Mutation research.

[420]  P. Baumeister,et al.  Investigations on neurotoxicity of chemical substances at the workplace , 1983, International archives of occupational and environmental health.

[421]  A. Carlsson Distribution and elimination of 14C-styrene in rat. , 1981, Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health.

[422]  B. Schwetz,et al.  Teratologic evaluation of styrene given to rats and rabbits by inhalation or by gavage. , 1978, Toxicology.

[423]  J. Perry,et al.  Biodegradation and biotransformation of groundwater pollutant mixtures by Mycobacterium vaccae , 1993, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[424]  A. Löf,et al.  Tissue distribution of styrene, styrene glycol and more polar styrene metabolites in the mouse. , 1983, Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health.

[425]  S. Chakrabarti,et al.  Studies on the subchronic nephrotoxic potential of styrene in Sprague-Dawley rats. , 1987, Toxicology.

[426]  J. Rantanen,et al.  Urinary mandelic acid concentration after occupational exposure to styrene and its use as a biological exposure test. , 1976, Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health.

[427]  S. Rappaport,et al.  Protein adducts as dosimeters of human exposure to styrene, styrene-7,8-oxide, and benzene. , 1999, Toxicology letters.

[428]  H. Vainio,et al.  Adaptive changes caused by intermittent styrene inhalation on xenobiotic biotransformation. , 1979, Toxicology and applied pharmacology.

[429]  H. Wieczorek Evaluation of low exposure to styrene , 1985, International archives of occupational and environmental health.

[430]  M. Ikeda,et al.  Possible metabolic interaction of styrene with organic solvents. , 1978, Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health.

[431]  Y. Alarie,et al.  Sister chromatid exchange in regenerating liver and bone marrow cells of mice exposed to styrene. , 1979, Toxicology and applied pharmacology.

[432]  D. Morgan,et al.  Styrene inhalation toxicity studies in mice. II. Sex differences in susceptibility of B6C3F1 mice. , 1993, Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology.

[433]  M. Campbell,et al.  Urban air quality and human health: a Toronto perspective. , 1995, Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique.

[434]  A. Majcherczyk,et al.  Degradation of styrene by white-rot fungi , 1997, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.

[435]  E. Sondik,et al.  Trends in cancer mortality in 15 industrialized countries, 1969-1986. , 1992, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[436]  P. Seth,et al.  Effect of styrene on hepatic mixed function oxidases, glutathione content and glutathione-s-transferase activity in rats. , 1981, Drug and chemical toxicology.

[437]  N. Brown Reproductive and developmental toxicity of styrene. , 1991, Reproductive toxicology.

[438]  F. Cavalleri,et al.  Peripheral neuropathy in styrene-exposed workers. , 1995, Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health.

[439]  F. D. Sutterfield,et al.  Photochemistry of atmospheric samples in Los Angeles , 1972 .

[440]  R. Mukund,et al.  Concentrations and transformations of hazardous air pollutants. , 1994, Environmental science & technology.

[441]  S. Hartmans Microbial degradation of styrene , 1995 .

[442]  E. Mcconnell,et al.  Styrene and styrene oxide: results of studies on carcinogenicity in experimental animals. , 1993, IARC scientific publications.

[443]  J. Withey,et al.  The distribution and pharmacokinetics of styrene monomer in rats by the pulmonary route. , 1979, Journal of environmental pathology and toxicology.

[444]  H. Norppa,et al.  Metabolism and genotoxicity of styrene. , 1981, Advances in experimental medicine and biology.

[445]  A. Gamer,et al.  Effects of 5-day styrene inhalation on serum prolactin and dopamine levels and on hypothalamic and striatal catecholamine concentrations in male rats , 2002, Archives of Toxicology.

[446]  H. Norppa,et al.  Chromosome aberrations in lymphocytes of workers exposed to styrene. , 1981, American journal of industrial medicine.

[447]  J. A. Bond Review of the toxicology of styrene. , 1989, Critical reviews in toxicology.

[448]  H. Greim,et al.  Species-specific pharmacokinetics of styrene in rat and mouse , 2005, Archives of Toxicology.

[449]  A. Mäkitie,et al.  Functional and morphological effects of styrene on the auditory system of the rat , 2002, Archives of Toxicology.

[450]  P. Landrigan Critical assessment of epidemiological studies on the carcinogenicity of 1,3-butadiene and styrene. , 1993, IARC scientific publications.

[451]  A. Mutti,et al.  Peripheral markers of neurochemical effects among styrene-exposed workers. , 1996, Neurotoxicology.

[452]  I. Langonné,et al.  Inhaled chemicals may enhance allergic airway inflammation in ovalbumin-sensitised mice. , 2006, Toxicology.

[453]  D. R. Green,et al.  Stability of hydrocarbon samples on solid-phase extraction columns , 1987 .

[454]  A. D. McDonald,et al.  Spontaneous abortion in women employed in plastics manufacture. , 1988, American journal of industrial medicine.

[455]  M. Bérode,et al.  Biological monitoring of styrene: a review. , 1988, American Industrial Hygiene Association journal.

[456]  M. Hyvönen,et al.  4-Vinylphenol excretion suggestive of arene oxide formation in workers occupationally exposed to styrene. , 1981, Toxicology and applied pharmacology.

[457]  C. Rebert,et al.  The neuroepidemiology of styrene: a critical review of representative literature. , 1994, Critical reviews in toxicology.

[458]  M. Waters,et al.  DNA adduct formation by 12 chemicals with populations potentially suitable for molecular epidemiological studies. , 1992, Mutation research.

[459]  A. Cavalleri,et al.  Kinetics of urinary excretion and effects on colour vision after exposure to styrene. , 1993, IARC scientific publications.

[460]  R. Kleopfer,et al.  Characterization of organic components in a municipal water supply , 1972 .

[461]  P. Lioy,et al.  Measurement of Selected Volatile Organic Compounds at Three Locations in New Jersey during the Summer Season , 1983 .

[462]  Tunga Salthammer,et al.  Emission of Volatile Organic Compounds from Furniture Coatings , 1997 .

[463]  Yoshio Tsuchiya,et al.  Volatile organic compounds in indoor air , 1988 .

[464]  D J Paustenbach,et al.  Adjusting exposure limits for long and short exposure periods using a physiological pharmacokinetic model. , 1987, American Industrial Hygiene Association journal.

[465]  H. Checkoway,et al.  Peripheral markers of neurochemical function among workers exposed to styrene. , 1992, British journal of industrial medicine.

[466]  J. Sastre,et al.  Airway inflammation in occupational asthma caused by styrene. , 2006, The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology.

[467]  H. Vainio,et al.  Organ distribution and nervous system binding of styrene and styrene oxide. , 1977, Toxicology.

[468]  Roger Adams,et al.  Synthetic Organic Chemicals: United States Production and Sales, 1976. , 1977 .

[469]  H. Taskinen,et al.  Time to pregnancy among the wives of men exposed to organic solvents. , 1998, Occupational and environmental medicine.

[470]  C. Ong,et al.  Biological monitoring of exposure to low concentrations of styrene. , 1994, American journal of industrial medicine.

[471]  C. Wolff,et al.  BOD and COD of some petrochemicals , 1979 .

[472]  J. R. Cushman,et al.  Styrene respiratory tract toxicity and mouse lung tumors are mediated by CYP2F-generated metabolites. , 2002, Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP.

[473]  J. Olsen,et al.  Exposure to styrene and chronic health effects: mortality and incidence of solid cancers in the Danish reinforced plastics industry. , 1995, Occupational and environmental medicine.

[474]  G. Carlson In Vitro Metabolism of Styrene to Styrene Oxide in Liver and Lung of Cyp2E1 Knockout Mice , 2003, Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A.

[475]  W. Kessler,et al.  Estimation of a possible tumorigenic risk of styrene from daily intake via food and ambient air. , 2002, Toxicology letters.

[476]  N. Keiding,et al.  Evidence for increasing incidence of abnormalities of the human testis: a review. , 1993, Environmental health perspectives.

[477]  A. Smargiassi,et al.  Selective Vulnerability of Dopaminergic Systems To Industrial Chemicals: Risk Assessment of Related Neuroendocrine Changes , 1998, Toxicology and industrial health.

[478]  Dick B. Janssen,et al.  Handbook on Biodegradation and Biological Treatment of Hazardous Organic Compounds , 1998 .

[479]  L. Tomatis,et al.  Effects of long-term oral administration of styrene to mice and rats. , 1978, Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health.

[480]  H. Norppa,et al.  Effects of styrene oxide on chromosome aberrations, sister chromatid exchange and hepatic drug biotransformation in chinese hamsters in vivo. , 1979, Chemico-biological interactions.

[481]  T. Mizutani,et al.  Styrene-induced hepatotoxicity in mice depleted of glutathione. , 1994, Research communications in molecular pathology and pharmacology.

[482]  J. Young,et al.  Pharmacokinetics of inhaled styrene in human volunteers. , 1980, Toxicology and applied pharmacology.

[483]  J. Tsai,et al.  VOC concentration characteristics in Southern Taiwan. , 2003, Chemosphere.

[484]  P. Cole,et al.  Leukemia and cumulative exposure to butadiene, styrene and benzene among workers in the synthetic rubber industry. , 1996, Toxicology.

[485]  J. King Fundamentals and Applications of Supercritical Fluid Extraction in Chromatographic Science , 1989 .

[486]  D. Morgan,et al.  Dermal absorption of neat and aqueous volatile organic chemicals in the Fischer 344 rat. , 1991, Environmental research.

[487]  Jong-Dar Chen,et al.  Neurobehavioral effects of occupational exposure to low-level styrene. , 1996, Neurotoxicology and teratology.

[488]  K. Hemminki,et al.  New aspects in the biomonitoring of occupational exposure to styrene , 2002, International archives of occupational and environmental health.

[489]  G. Paramei,et al.  Impairments of colour vision induced by organic solvents: a meta-analysis study. , 2004, Neurotoxicology.

[490]  C. R. Stack,et al.  Chronic toxicity and three-generation reproduction study of styrene monomer in the drinking water of rats. , 1985, Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology.

[491]  H. Checkoway,et al.  Serum hepatic biochemical activity in two populations of workers exposed to styrene , 2001, Occupational and environmental medicine.

[492]  C. Miermans,et al.  Analysis of volatile organic compounds, using the purge and trap injector coupled to a gas chromatograph/ion-trap mass spectrometer: review of the results in Dutch surface water of the Rhine, Meuse, Northern Delta Area and Westerscheldt, over the period 1992-1997. , 2000, Chemosphere.

[493]  W. Shiu,et al.  Temperature Dependence of Physical-Chemical Properties of Selected Chemicals of Environmental Interest. II. Chlorobenzenes, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins, and Dibenzofurans , 2000 .

[494]  L. Wallace,et al.  Recent advances in measuring exhaled breath and estimating exposure and body burden for volatile organic compounds (VOCs). , 1995, Environmental health perspectives.

[495]  W. Kessler,et al.  A toxicokinetic model for styrene and its metabolite styrene-7,8-oxide in mouse, rat and human with special emphasis on the lung. , 2003, Toxicology letters.

[496]  J. A. Bond,et al.  Metabolic interactions of 1,3-butadiene and styrene in male B6C3F1 mice. , 1996, Toxicology and applied pharmacology.

[497]  W. Niessen,et al.  Liquid chromatography/electrospray tandem mass spectrometry characterization of styrene metabolism in man and in rat. , 2002, Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM.

[498]  I. Romieu,et al.  Environmental exposure to volatile organic compounds among workers in Mexico City as assessed by personal monitors and blood concentrations. , 1999, Environmental health perspectives.

[499]  K. Hemminki,et al.  Spontaneous abortions among female chemical workers in Finland , 1980, International archives of occupational and environmental health.

[500]  G. Johanson,et al.  Dose-dependent kinetics of inhaled styrene in man. , 1993, IARC scientific publications.

[501]  L. Odkvist,et al.  Vestibulo-oculomotor disturbances in humans exposed to styrene. , 1982, Acta oto-laryngologica.

[502]  R. L. Carter,et al.  IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans , 1980, IARC monographs on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans.

[503]  K. Hemminki,et al.  7-Alkylguanine adduct levels in urine, lungs and liver of mice exposed to styrene by inhalation. , 2006, Toxicology and applied pharmacology.

[504]  H. Vainio,et al.  Characterization of the human cytochrome P450 isozymes responsible for styrene metabolism. , 1993, IARC scientific publications.

[505]  Rein Otson,et al.  Assessment of the influence of climatic factors on concentration levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in canadian homes , 1994 .

[506]  A. Löf,et al.  Covalent binding of styrene and styrene-7,8-oxide to plasma proteins, hemoglobin and DNA in the mouse. , 1985, Chemico-biological interactions.

[507]  J. Foster,et al.  The role of cytochromes P-450 in styrene induced pulmonary toxicity and carcinogenicity. , 2001, Toxicology.

[508]  H. Norppa Styrene and vinyltoluene induce micronuclei in mouse bone marrow. , 1981, Toxicology letters.

[509]  P. Doskey,et al.  Source Profiles for Nonmethane Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere of Cairo, Egypt. , 1999, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association.

[510]  N. Sathiakumar,et al.  Leukemia and exposure to 1,3-butadiene, styrene and dimethyldithiocarbamate among workers in the synthetic rubber industry. , 2001, Chemico-biological interactions.

[511]  A. McMichael Standardized mortality ratios and the "healthy worker effect": Scratching beneath the surface. , 1976, Journal of occupational medicine. : official publication of the Industrial Medical Association.

[512]  T. Ikeda,et al.  Effects of prenatal exposure to styrene on neurochemical levels in rat brain. , 1999, Toxicology letters.

[513]  J. Withey,et al.  Pharmacokinetics and distribution of styrene monomer in rats after intravenous administration. , 1977, Journal of toxicology and environmental health.

[514]  M. Imbriani,et al.  Mercapturic acids of styrene in man: comparability of the results obtained by LC/MS/MS and by HPLC-fluorimeter, and stability of samples under different storage conditions. , 2006, Toxicology letters.

[515]  A. Löf,et al.  The applicability of the measurement of urinary thioethers , 1991, International archives of occupational and environmental health.

[516]  Lawrence J. Partridge,et al.  Pocket guide to chemical hazards , 1978 .

[517]  G. Matanoski,et al.  Styrene exposure and ischemic heart disease: a case-cohort study. , 2003, American journal of epidemiology.

[518]  G. M. Wells Styrene. , 2018, Report on carcinogens : carcinogen profiles.

[519]  A. Endo,et al.  Chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges in styrene-exposed workers with reference to their smoking habits. , 1983, Environmental mutagenesis.

[520]  K. Hemminki,et al.  The effect of maternally inhaled styrene on embryonal and foetal development in mice and Chinese hamsters. , 2009, Acta pharmacologica et toxicologica.

[521]  W. Nicholson,et al.  Occupational hazards in production and processing of styrene polymers--epidemiologic findings. , 1984, Progress in clinical and biological research.

[522]  P. Holmberg,et al.  Obstetric histories of women occupationally exposed to styrene. , 1982, Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health.

[523]  L. Migliore,et al.  Assessment of sperm DNA integrity in workers exposed to styrene. , 2002, Human reproduction.

[524]  M. Duhr,et al.  Dose‐dependent genotoxic effects of styrene on human blood lymphocytes and the relationship to its oxidative and metabolic effects , 1993, Environmental and molecular mutagenesis.

[525]  H. Norppa,et al.  Metabolic activation of styrene by erythrocytes detected as increased sister chromatid exchanges in cultured human lymphocytes. , 1983, Cancer research.

[526]  P. Lioy,et al.  Indoor air chemistry: formation of organic acids and aldehydes. , 1994, Environmental science & technology.

[527]  H. Järventaus,et al.  Cytogenetic markers, DNA single-strand breaks, urinary metabolites, and DNA repair rates in styrene-exposed lamination workers. , 2004, Environmental health perspectives.

[528]  T. Fennell,et al.  Review of the metabolic fate of styrene. , 1994, Critical reviews in toxicology.

[529]  A. Mutti,et al.  Styrene metabolism and striatal dopamine depletion in rabbits. , 1985, Archives of toxicology. Supplement. = Archiv fur Toxikologie. Supplement.

[530]  James F. Winchester,et al.  Clinical Management of Poisoning and Drug Overdose , 1998 .

[531]  D. Focht,et al.  Microbial transformations of styrene and [14C] styrene in soil and enrichment cultures , 1978, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[532]  M. Nagano,et al.  Neurophysiological Changes in Rats Subchronically Treated with Styrene or Its Metabolites , 2000 .

[533]  P. Morselli,et al.  Clinical pharmacokinetics in newborns and infants. Age-related differences and therapeutic implications. , 1980, Clinical pharmacokinetics.

[534]  E. Krieg,et al.  Audiometric Findings in Workers Exposed to Low Levels of Styrene and Noise , 2002, Journal of occupational and environmental medicine.

[535]  M Mercier,et al.  Mutagenicity of styrene in the Salmonella typhimurium test system. , 1981, Mutation research.

[536]  R. Jayanty,et al.  Measurement of toxic and related air pollutants , 1990 .

[537]  M. Kirsch‐Volders,et al.  Urinary mandelic acid and hemoglobin adducts in fiberglass-reinforced plastics workers exposed to styrene. , 1994, Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health.

[538]  P. Brennan,et al.  Occupational Exposure to Vinyl Chloride, Acrylonitrile and Styrene and Lung Cancer Risk (Europe) , 2004, Cancer Causes & Control.

[539]  M. Grzebyk,et al.  Estimation of the percutaneous absorption of styrene in an industrial situation , 1999, International archives of occupational and environmental health.

[540]  D. Galendo,et al.  A carcinogenicity study of styrene-7,8-oxide in rats. , 1984, Cancer letters.

[541]  Studies on metabolism and toxicity of styrene: III. The effect of metabolic inactivation by rat-liver S9 on the mutagenicity of phenyloxirane toward Salmonella typhimurium. , 1980, Mutation research.

[542]  G K Lemasters,et al.  Occupational styrene exposure for twelve product categories in the reinforced-plastics industry. , 1985, American Industrial Hygiene Association journal.

[543]  S. Yalkowsky,et al.  Solubility and partitioning IV: Aqueous solubility and octanol-water partition coefficients of liquid nonelectrolytes. , 1981, Journal of pharmaceutical sciences.

[544]  G. Jungclaus,et al.  Identification of organic compounds in industrial effluent discharges , 1979 .

[545]  M. Moran,et al.  Approach to an assessment of volatile organic compounds in the nation's ground water and drinking-water supply wells , 2006 .

[546]  J. A. Bond,et al.  Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in male B6C3F1 mice following exposure to mixtures of 1,3‐butadiene and styrene , 1997, Environmental and molecular mutagenesis.

[547]  M. J. van der Werf,et al.  Metabolism of Styrene Oxide and 2-Phenylethanol in the Styrene-Degrading Xanthobacter Strain 124X , 1989, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[548]  H. Muijser,et al.  The effects of occupational exposure to styrene on high-frequency hearing thresholds. , 1988, Toxicology.

[549]  D. Coggon Epidemiological studies of styrene-exposed populations. , 1994, Critical reviews in toxicology.

[550]  P. Seth,et al.  Effect of styrene administration on rat testis , 2004, Archives of Toxicology.

[551]  P. Vodicka,et al.  Identification of 1-Adenine DNA Adducts in Workers Occupationally Exposed to Styrene , 2001, Journal of occupational and environmental medicine.

[552]  D. Morgan,et al.  Cytogenetic studies of mice exposed to styrene by inhalation. , 1992, Mutation research.

[553]  Pierre Campo,et al.  Use of DPOAEs for assessing hearing loss caused by styrene in the rat , 2002, Hearing Research.

[554]  S. Rappaport,et al.  Determination of albumin and hemoglobin adducts in workers exposed to styrene and styrene oxide. , 1996, Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology.

[555]  G. Carlson,et al.  Ring-Oxidized Metabolites of Styrene Contribute to Styrene-Induced Clara-Cell Toxicity in Mice , 2005, Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A.

[556]  R F Sawyer,et al.  Trends in auto emissions and gasoline composition. , 1993, Environmental health perspectives.

[557]  P. Bushnell Styrene Impairs Serial Spatial Reversal Learning in Rats , 1994 .

[558]  E. Palmes,et al.  CARCINOGENICITY OF EPOXIDES, LACTONES, AND PEROXY COMPOUNDS. , 1964, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[559]  J. Ashby,et al.  Tabulation and assessment of 113 human surveillance cytogenetic studies conducted between 1965 and 1984. , 1985, Mutation research.

[560]  E. Capodaglio,et al.  Excretion of N-acetyl-S-(1-phenyl-2-hydroxyethyl)-cysteine and N-acetyl-S-(2-phenyl-2-hydroxyethyl)-cysteine in workers exposed to styrene. , 1997, The Science of the total environment.

[561]  L. Needham,et al.  Determining volatile organic compounds in human blood from a large sample population by using purge and trap gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. , 1992, Analytical chemistry.

[562]  E. Weisburger,et al.  Bioassay of a solution of b-nitrostyrene and styrene for possible carcinogenicity. , 1979, National Cancer Institute carcinogenesis technical report series.

[563]  V. Riihimäki,et al.  Percutaneous absorption of solvent vapors in man. , 1978, Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health.

[564]  A. Hall Medical Toxicology: Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Poisoning , 1989 .

[565]  J. V. van Hemmen,et al.  Exposure to styrene and health complaints in the Dutch glass-reinforced plastics industry. , 1992, The Annals of occupational hygiene.

[566]  A. Livingston Forage plant estrogens. , 1978, Journal of toxicology and environmental health.

[567]  A. Mutti,et al.  Neuroendocrine effects of styrene on occupationally exposed workers. , 1984, Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health.

[568]  G. Olsen,et al.  Mortality among workers engaged in the development or manufacture of styrene-based products--an update. , 1992, Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health.

[569]  R. Atkinson Gas-Phase Tropospheric Chemistry of Organic Compounds , 1994 .

[570]  F. Haschke,et al.  Body composition of reference children from birth to age 10 years. , 1982, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[571]  C. Johanson,et al.  Permeability and vascularity of the developing brain: Cerebellum vs cerebral cortex , 1980, Brain Research.

[572]  F. Oesch,et al.  Interest of genotyping and phenotyping of drug-metabolizing enzymes for the interpretation of biological monitoring of exposure to styrene. , 2002, Pharmacogenetics.

[573]  Y. Ichikawa,et al.  Effects of styrene monomer and trimer on gonadal sex differentiation of genetic males of the frog Rana rugosa. , 2001, Environmental research.

[574]  K. Hemminki,et al.  An evaluation of styrene genotoxicity using several biomarkers in a 3-year follow-up study of hand-lamination workers. , 1999, Mutation research.

[575]  G. Johanson,et al.  Styrene oxide in blood, hemoglobin adducts, and urinary metabolites in human volunteers exposed to (13)C(8)-styrene vapors. , 2000, Toxicology and applied pharmacology.

[576]  X. Baur,et al.  Detection of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, a marker of oxidative DNA damage, in white blood cells of workers occupationally exposed to styrene , 1997, Archives of Toxicology.

[577]  H. Mayton,et al.  Desorption and biodegradation of sorbed styrene in soil and aquifer solids , 1994 .

[578]  I. Danishefsky,et al.  The metabolism of styrene in the rat. , 1954, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[579]  D Mahle,et al.  Lactational transfer of volatile chemicals in breast milk. , 1997, American Industrial Hygiene Association journal.

[580]  J. Sollenberg,et al.  Biological exposure limits estimated from relations between occupational styrene exposure during a workweek and excretion of mandelic and phenylglyoxylic acids in urine , 1988, International archives of occupational and environmental health.

[581]  R. Kishi,et al.  Acute effects of styrene inhalation on the neuroendocrinological system of rats and the different effects in male and female rats , 2005, Archives of Toxicology.

[582]  J. Ceaurriz,et al.  Concentration-dependent behavioral changes in mice following short-term inhalation exposure to various industrial solvents. , 1983, Toxicology and applied pharmacology.

[583]  Mátyás G. Jakab,et al.  Lymphocyte phenotype analysis and chromosome aberration frequency of workers occupationally exposed to styrene, benzene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons or mixed solvents. , 2002, Immunology letters.

[584]  H. Kolstad,et al.  Incidence of lymphohematopoietic malignancies among styrene-exposed workers of the reinforced plastics industry. , 1994, Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health.

[585]  R. Wieboldt,et al.  Sensitivity improvement in infrared detection for supercritical fluid chromatography , 1988 .

[586]  C. Weschler,et al.  Volatile Organic Compounds Measured at a Telephone Switching Center From 5/30/85-12/6/88: A Detailed Case Study , 1992 .

[587]  D. Eaton,et al.  Effect of styrene oxide on rat brain glutathione. , 1991, Neurotoxicology.

[588]  J. R. Cushman,et al.  Chronic toxicity/oncogenicity study of styrene in cd‐1 mice by inhalation exposure for 104 weeks , 2001, Journal of applied toxicology : JAT.

[589]  P. Morselli,et al.  Clinical Pharmacokinetics in Newborns and Infants , 1980 .

[590]  A. Mutti,et al.  Genetic polymorphism of drug‐metabolizing enzymes and styrene‐induced DNA damage , 2003, Environmental and molecular mutagenesis.

[591]  T. Graedel Chemical compounds in the atmosphere , 1978 .

[592]  F. A. Smith,et al.  Physiologically based pharmacokinetics and the risk assessment process for methylene chloride. , 1987, Toxicology and applied pharmacology.

[593]  R. Font,et al.  Toxic by-products from the combustion of Kraft lignin. , 2003, Chemosphere.

[594]  W. Jennings,et al.  Nectarine volatiles: vacuum steam distillation versus headspace sampling , 1988 .

[595]  E. Symanski,et al.  Sister chromatid exchanges induced in peripheral lymphocytes of workers exposed to low concentrations of styrene. , 1990, Progress in clinical and biological research.

[596]  A. Natarajan,et al.  Cytogenetic monitoring of industrial populations potentially exposed to genotoxic chemicals and of control populations. , 1988, Mutation research.

[597]  P. Winter,et al.  Mortality of workers exposed to styrene in the manufacture of glass-reinforced plastics. , 1987, Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health.

[598]  H. Kolstad,et al.  Cancer incidence in the Danish reinforced plastics industry. , 1993, IARC scientific publications.

[599]  W. Lutz,et al.  Covalent binding of styrene to DNA in rat and mouse. , 1993, Carcinogenesis.

[600]  J. Namieśnik,et al.  Changes in concentration levels of selected VOCs in newly erected and remodelled building in Gdansk. , 1999, Chemosphere.

[601]  R. Kishi,et al.  Effects of Pregnancy, Age and Sex in the Metabolism of Styrene in Rat Liver in Relation to the Regulation of Cytochrome P450 Enzymes , 2005, Journal of occupational health.

[602]  H. K. Wilson,et al.  The metabolism of ethylbenzene and styrene to mandelic acid: stereochemical considerations. , 1989, Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems.

[603]  Perry L. McCarty,et al.  Modeling of Trace Organics Biotransformation in the Subsurface , 1984 .

[604]  I. Rosén,et al.  Neurophysiological observations after chronic styrene exposure. , 1978, Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health.

[605]  R. Jones,et al.  Mortality of styrene production, polymerization and processing workers at a site in northwest England. , 1985, Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health.

[606]  H. Vainio,et al.  Recessive lethals induced by styrene and styrene oxide in Drosophila melanogaster. , 1979, Mutation research.

[607]  L. Fuortes,et al.  Changes in cellular immunity among workers occupationally exposed to styrene in a plastics lamination plant. , 2000, American journal of industrial medicine.

[608]  S. Chakrabarti Styrene and styrene oxide affect the transport of dopamine in purified rat striatal synaptic vesicles. , 1999, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[609]  H. Veulemans,et al.  Adduct formation on DNA and haemoglobin in mice intraperitoneally administered with styrene. , 1996, Carcinogenesis.

[610]  G. Csanády,et al.  Styrene-7,8-oxide burden in ventilated, perfused lungs of mice and rats exposed to vaporous styrene. , 2006, Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology.

[611]  K. Ekberg,et al.  No acute behavioural effects of exposure to styrene: a safe level of exposure? , 1985, British journal of industrial medicine.

[612]  F. Roe Styrene: toxicity studies--what do they show? , 1994, Critical reviews in toxicology.

[613]  I. Åstrand,et al.  Exposure to styrene in a polymerization plant. Uptake in the organism and concentration in subcutaneous adipose tissue. , 1978, Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health.

[614]  R. Law,et al.  Attempts to assess the environmental hazard posed by complex mixtures of organic chemicals in UK estuaries , 1993 .

[615]  J. T. Carter,et al.  Occupational Toxicology , 1988, Human toxicology.

[616]  T. Ikeda,et al.  Neurobehavioral effects of chronic occupational exposure to organic solvents among Japanese industrial painters. , 1993, Environmental research.

[617]  J. Amoore,et al.  Odor as an ald to chemical safety: Odor thresholds compared with threshold limit values and volatilities for 214 industrial chemicals in air and water dilution , 1983, Journal of applied toxicology : JAT.

[618]  I. Åstrand,et al.  Uptake, distribution and elimination of styrene in man. Concentration in subcutaneous adipose tissue. , 1978, Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health.

[619]  O. Wong,et al.  Mortality from nonmalignant diseases of the respiratory, genitourinary and nervous systems among workers exposed to styrene in the reinforced plastics and composites industry in the United States. , 1999, Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health.

[620]  J. Katiyar,et al.  Host resistance assays as predictive models in styrene immunomodulation. , 1992, International journal of immunopharmacology.

[621]  R. Otson Purgeable Organics in Great Lakes Raw and Treated Water , 1987 .

[622]  D. Warburton,et al.  Biomarkers in styrene-exposed boatbuilders. , 1991, Mutation research.

[623]  A. Mutti,et al.  Regional alterations of brain catecholamines by styrene exposure in rabbits , 1984, Archives of Toxicology.

[624]  D. Nonclercq,et al.  Exposure to hydrocarbons and renal disease: an experimental animal model. , 1999, Renal failure.

[625]  R. Dunbar Time-resolved unimolecular dissociation of styrene ion: rates and activation parameters , 1989 .

[626]  R. J. Nolan,et al.  Determination of styrene-7,8-oxide in whole rat blood by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. , 1991, Journal of chromatography.

[627]  W. Kessler,et al.  A pharmacokinetic model to describe toxicokinetic interactions between 1,3-butadiene and styrene in rats: predictions for human exposure. , 1993, IARC scientific publications.

[628]  D. Morgan,et al.  Characterization of hepatocellular resistance and susceptibility to styrene toxicity in B6C3F1 mice. , 1999, Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology.

[629]  M. W. Ogden,et al.  Determination of volatile organic compounds and respirable suspended particulate matter in New Jersey and Pennsylvania homes and workplaces , 1996 .

[630]  Y. Katakura,et al.  Impaired colour discrimination among workers exposed to styrene: relevance of a urinary metabolite. , 1995, Occupational and environmental medicine.

[631]  A. Säämänen,et al.  The occupational scene of styrene. , 1993, IARC scientific publications.

[632]  N. Lovegren,et al.  Volatile constituents of dried legumes , 1979 .

[633]  Lance Wallace,et al.  Emissions of volatile organic compounds from building materials and consumer products , 1987 .

[634]  M. Ikeda,et al.  In vivo suppression of benzene and styrene oxidation by co-administered toluene in rats and effects of phenobarbital. , 1972, Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems.

[635]  H. Yokoyama,et al.  Study of urinary mandelic acid concentration and peripheral nerve conduction among styrene workers. , 1996, American journal of industrial medicine.

[636]  M. Ogata,et al.  Partition coefficients as a measure of bioconcentration potential of crude oil compounds in fish and shellfish , 1984, Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology.

[637]  A. Kohn Ocular toxicity of styrene. , 1978, American journal of ophthalmology.

[638]  G. Pratt,et al.  Evaluating differences between measured personal exposures to volatile organic compounds and concentrations in outdoor and indoor air. , 2004, Environmental science & technology.

[639]  NIOSH recommendations for occupational safety and health standards. , 1985, MMWR supplements.

[640]  R M Harrison,et al.  Concentrations and sources of VOCs in urban domestic and public microenvironments. , 2001, Environmental science & technology.

[641]  R. Lilis,et al.  Health status of styrene-polystyrene polymerization workers. , 1978, Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health.

[642]  F. Mitelman,et al.  Increased frequency of lymphocyte micronuclei in workers producing reinforced polyester resin with low exposure to styrene. , 1983, Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health.

[643]  K. Haglid,et al.  Long term neurotoxicity of styrene. A quantitative study of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFA) and S-100. , 1989, British journal of industrial medicine.

[644]  G T Pryor,et al.  Combined effects of paired solvents on the rat's auditory system. , 1995, Toxicology.

[645]  G. Wells Ethylbenzene. , 2018, Reviews of environmental contamination and toxicology.

[646]  O. Wong,et al.  An updated cohort mortality study of workers exposed to styrene in the reinforced plastics and composites industry. , 1994, Occupational and environmental medicine.

[647]  T. Kawai,et al.  Exposure-excretion relationship of styrene and acetone in factory workers: A comparison of a lipophilic solvent and a hydrophilic solvent , 1993, Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology.

[648]  Koizumi Akio,et al.  Decreased erythrocyte δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase activity after styrene exposure , 1987 .

[649]  D. Mungan,et al.  Occupational Asthma in the Furniture Industry: Is It Due to Styrene? , 2004, Respiration.

[650]  J. Gmehling,et al.  Survey on organic solvents in various products and methods for estimating workplace exposures. , 1986, Progress in clinical and biological research.

[651]  P. Apostoli,et al.  Occupational styrene exposure: environmental and biological monitoring. , 1983, American journal of industrial medicine.

[652]  K. Svensson,et al.  Dosimetry of styrene 7,8-oxide in styrene- and styrene oxide-exposed mice and rats by quantification of haemoglobin adducts. , 1995, Chemico-biological interactions.

[653]  H. Checkoway,et al.  A hematology survey of workers at a styrene-butadiene synthetic rubber manufacturing plant. , 1982, American Industrial Hygiene Association journal.

[654]  R. Otson,et al.  Volatile organics in the indoor environment : sources and occurrence , 1992 .

[655]  R. Harley,et al.  Modeling the atmospheric concentrations of individual volatile organic compounds , 1995 .

[656]  M. Roberfroid,et al.  Mutagenicity of styrene and styrene oxide , 1977 .

[657]  P. Droz,et al.  Ethnic differences in biological monitoring of several organic solvents. I. Human exposure experiment , 1997, International archives of occupational and environmental health.

[658]  K. Hoffmann,et al.  The German Environmental Survey 1990/92 (GerES II): Sources of personal exposure to volatile organic compounds , 2000, Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology.

[659]  K. Pitzer,et al.  The Heat Capacity, Heats of Fusion and Vaporization, Vapor Pressure, Entropy, Vibration Frequencies and Barrier to Internal Rotation of Styrene , 1946 .

[660]  G. Carlson,et al.  Metabolism of styrene by mouse and rat isolated lung cells. , 1999, Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology.

[661]  R. Wieland,et al.  Survey of mortality among employees engaged in the manufacture of styrene and polystyrene at the BASF Ludwigshafen works. , 1978, Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health.

[662]  F. Tursi,et al.  Styrene oxidation to styrene oxide in human blood erythrocytes and lymphocytes. , 1981, Research communications in chemical pathology and pharmacology.

[663]  K. Ekberg,et al.  Neuropsychiatric effects of low exposure to styrene. , 1989, British journal of industrial medicine.

[664]  G. Johanson,et al.  Physiologically based modeling of the inhalation kinetics of styrene in humans using a bayesian population approach. , 2002, Toxicology and applied pharmacology.

[665]  M E Andersen,et al.  A physiologically based description of the inhalation pharmacokinetics of styrene in rats and humans. , 1984, Toxicology and applied pharmacology.

[666]  R. D. Stewart,et al.  Human exposure to styrene vapor. , 1968, Archives of environmental health.

[667]  E. Bardana [Air contaminants]. , 1993, Revista alergia : organo oficial de la Sociedad Mexicana de Alergia e Inmunlogia.

[668]  X. Baur,et al.  New aspects in genotoxic risk assessment of styrene exposure--a working hypothesis. , 2000, Medical hypotheses.

[669]  P. Shepson,et al.  Wood smoke: measurement of the mutagenic activities of its gas- and particulate-phase photooxidation products. , 1986, Environmental science & technology.

[670]  G. Johanson,et al.  Spreadsheet programming--a new approach in physiologically based modeling of solvent toxicokinetics. , 1988, Toxicology letters.

[671]  Determination of skin:air partition coefficients for volatile chemicals: experimental method and applications. , 1994, Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology.

[672]  B. van Ravenzwaay,et al.  Effects of styrene and its metabolites on different lung compartments of the mouse--cell proliferation and histomorphology. , 2005, Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP.

[673]  E. Symanski,et al.  Inter- and intra-individual sources of variation in levels of urinary styrene metabolites , 2001, International archives of occupational and environmental health.

[674]  H S Rosenkranz,et al.  Reproducibility of microbial mutagenicity assays: II. Testing of carcinogens and noncarcinogens in Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli. , 1985, Environmental mutagenesis.

[675]  A. Lebedev,et al.  Organic pollutants in snow of urban and rural Russia and Finland , 2000 .

[676]  P. Kostyniak,et al.  Determination of volatile organic compounds in biological samples using headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography: toluene and styrene. , 2008, Journal of analytical toxicology.

[677]  P. Seth,et al.  Increased neurobehavioral toxicity of styrene in protein-malnourished rats. , 1991, Neurotoxicology and teratology.

[678]  M. Salmona,et al.  Styrene oxidation to styrene oxide in human erythrocytes is catalyzed by oxyhemoglobin , 1983, Experientia.

[679]  T. Aoyama,et al.  Cytochrome P450 isozymes responsible for the metabolism of toluene and styrene in human liver microsomes. , 1997, Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems.

[680]  G. Carlson,et al.  Effects of inducers and inhibitors on the microsomal metabolism of styrene to styrene oxide in mice. , 1997, Journal of toxicology and environmental health.

[681]  A. L. Horvath Halogenated Hydrocarbons: Solubility-Miscibility with Water , 1982 .

[682]  B. Larsby,et al.  Effects of toluene, styrene, trichloroethylene, and trichloroethane on the vestibulo-and opto-oculo motor system in rats. , 1993, Neurotoxicology and teratology.

[683]  B. Procházka,et al.  Somatosensory evoked potentials in workers exposed to toluene and styrene. , 1993, British journal of industrial medicine.

[684]  M. Andersen,et al.  PHYSIOLOGICALLY BASED PHARMACOKINETIC MODELING OF STYRENE AND STYRENE OXIDE RESPIRATORY-TRACT DOSIMETRY IN RODENTS AND HUMANS , 2002, Inhalation toxicology.

[685]  K. Golka,et al.  Neurobehavioral effects of experimental exposures to low levels of styrene. , 2004, Toxicology letters.

[686]  S. Chakrabarti,et al.  Influence of simultaneous exposure to acrylonitrile and styrene on the toxicity and metabolism of styrene in rats. , 1984, Toxicology and applied pharmacology.

[687]  I. Linhart,et al.  Stereochemical aspects of styrene biotransformation. , 1998, Toxicology letters.

[688]  R. Kishi,et al.  Impairment of neurobehavioral function and color vision loss among workers exposed to low concentration of styrene--a review of literatures. , 2000, Industrial health.

[689]  G. Truchon,et al.  Surveillance of early neurotoxic dysfunction. , 1996, Neurotoxicology.

[690]  T. Lumpkin,et al.  Measurements of VOCs from the TAMS Network , 1992 .

[691]  A. Löf,et al.  Occurrence of styrene-7,8-oxide and styrene glycol in mouse after the administration of styrene. , 1984, Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health.

[692]  C. Maltoni,et al.  EXPERIMENTAL CONTRIBUTIONS IN IDENTIFYING BRAIN POTENTIAL CARCINOGENS IN THE PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY , 1982, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[693]  C. Beausoleil,et al.  To what extent are biomonitoring data available in chemical risk assessment? , 1999, Human & experimental toxicology.

[694]  Y. Alarie Sensory irritation of the upper airways by airborne chemicals. , 1973, Toxicology and applied pharmacology.

[695]  D Schuetzle,et al.  Hydrocarbon gases emitted from vehicles on the road. 2. Determination of emission rates from diesel and spark-ignition vehicles. , 1983, Environmental science & technology.

[696]  N. Dreyer,et al.  Lymphatic and haematopoietic cancer mortality in a population attending school adjacent to styrene-butadiene facilities, 1963-1993. , 1999, Journal of epidemiology and community health.

[697]  C. V. van Kreijl,et al.  Toxicology assessment of organic compounds in drinking water , 1982 .

[698]  W. Lijinsky Rat and mouse forestomach tumors induced by chronic oral administration of styrene oxide. , 1986, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[699]  H. Vainio,et al.  CYP2C11 and CYP2B1 are major cytochrome P450 forms involved in styrene oxidation in liver and lung microsomes from untreated rats, respectively. , 1994, Biochemical pharmacology.

[700]  E. E. Kenaga,et al.  Relationship between water solubility, soil sorption, octanol-water partitioning, and concentration of chemicals in biota , 1980 .

[701]  O. Axelson,et al.  Some hygienic and clinical observations on styrene exposure. , 1978, Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health.

[702]  Robert M. Krill,et al.  Chemical Monitoring of Wisconsin's Groundwater , 1986 .

[703]  Susan Budavari,et al.  The Merck index , 1998 .

[704]  A. Mäkitie,et al.  The ototoxic interaction of styrene and noise , 2003, Hearing Research.

[705]  E. Capodaglio,et al.  The urinary concentration of solvents as a biological indicator of exposure: proposal for the biological equivalent exposure limit for nine solvents. , 1987, American Industrial Hygiene Association journal.

[706]  Cheryl Keenan,et al.  STYRENE USE IN MASSACHUSETTS , 1993 .

[707]  H. Norppa,et al.  Glycophorin A somatic cell mutation frequencies in Finnish reinforced plastics workers exposed to styrene. , 1996, Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology.

[708]  D. Barnes,et al.  Reference dose (RfD): description and use in health risk assessments. , 1988, Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP.

[709]  Stephen K. Brown,et al.  Concentrations of Volatile Organic Compounds in Indoor Air – A Review , 1994 .

[710]  K. Verschueren Handbook of environmental data on organic chemicals , 1977 .

[711]  G. Failla,et al.  First experimental demonstration of the carcinogenic effects of styrene oxide; long-term bioassays on Sprague-Dawley rats by oral administration. , 1979, La Medicina del lavoro.

[712]  S. Uchiyama,et al.  Investigation of a Long-Term Sampling Period for Monitoring Volatile Organic Compounds in Ambient Air , 2000 .

[713]  P. Vodicka,et al.  A re-assessment of styrene-induced clastogenicity in mice in a subacute inhalation study , 2002, Archives of Toxicology.

[714]  T. Coccini,et al.  Styrene-induced alterations in the respiratory tract of rats treated by inhalation or intraperitoneally. , 1997, Journal of toxicology and environmental health.

[715]  V. Šedivec,et al.  Urinary excretion of mandelic and phenylglyoxylic acids after human exposure to styrene vapour. , 1984, Journal of hygiene, epidemiology, microbiology, and immunology.

[716]  M. Alexander,et al.  Biodegradation of styrene in samples of natural environments , 1992 .

[717]  D. Phillips,et al.  Evidence for DNA and protein binding by styrene and styrene oxide. , 1994, Critical reviews in toxicology.

[718]  S. Brooks,et al.  Determination of urinary mandelic and phenylglyoxylic acids in styrene exposed workers and a control population. , 1980, American Industrial Hygiene Association journal.

[719]  Barbara Zielinska,et al.  Volatile organic compounds up to C20 emitted from motor vehicles; measurement methods , 1996 .

[720]  H. Norppa,et al.  Effects of indomethacin and arachidonic acid on sister chromatid exchange induction by styrene and styrene-7,8-oxide. , 1995, Mutation research.

[721]  J. Mráz,et al.  The evidence for conjugated mandelic and phenylglyoxylic acids in the urine of rats dosed with styrene. , 1997, Toxicology letters.

[722]  D. Grosjean,et al.  Hydrocarbons and carbonyls in Los Angeles air , 1984 .

[723]  P. Friesel,et al.  Organic trace compounds in the water of the River Elbe near Hamburg. Part II. , 1998, Chemosphere.

[724]  S. L. Varner,et al.  Headspace sampling and gas chromatographic determination of styrene migration from food-contact polystyrene cups into beverages and food simulants. , 1981, Journal - Association of Official Analytical Chemists.

[725]  J. Teixeira,et al.  Occupational exposure to styrene: modulation of cytogenetic damage and levels of urinary metabolites of styrene by polymorphisms in genes CYP2E1, EPHX1, GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1. , 2004, Toxicology.

[726]  M. Ishidate,et al.  Chromosome aberration tests with Chinese hamster cells in vitro with and without metabolic activation--a comparative study on mutagens and carcinogens. , 1980, Archives of toxicology. Supplement. = Archiv fur Toxikologie. Supplement.

[727]  B. B. Shugaev Concentrations of hydrocarbons in tissues as a measure of toxicity. , 1969, Archives of environmental health.

[728]  F. Neuhann,et al.  Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices , 2001 .

[729]  J. R. Cushman,et al.  Chronic toxicity/oncogenicity study of styrene in CD rats by inhalation exposure for 104 weeks. , 1998, Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology.

[730]  M. Lindbohm Effects of Parental Exposure to Solvents on Pregnancy Outcome , 1995, Journal of occupational and environmental medicine.

[731]  G. Ozolins,et al.  WHO guidelines for drinking-water quality. , 1984, WHO chronicle.

[732]  S. Rappaport,et al.  Temporal association between serum prolactin concentration and exposure to styrene , 2004, Occupational and Environmental Medicine.

[733]  K. Leibman Metabolism and toxicity of styrene. , 1975, Environmental health perspectives.

[734]  Cecilia C. Chan,et al.  Sample Handling and Analysis for 51 Volatile Organics by an Adapted Purge and Trap GC-MS Technique , 1987 .

[735]  Keith A. Johnson,et al.  Developmental neurotoxicity study of styrene by inhalation in Crl-CD rats. , 2005, Birth defects research. Part B, Developmental and reproductive toxicology.

[736]  R. Cattley,et al.  Evaluation of the metabolism and hepatotoxicity of styrene in F344 rats, B6C3F1 mice, and CD-1 mice following single and repeated inhalation exposures. , 1997, Chemico-biological interactions.

[737]  P. Dalton,et al.  Olfactory function in workers exposed to styrene in the reinforced-plastics industry. , 2003, American journal of industrial medicine.

[738]  Gerard Bowe,et al.  Response of human cord blood cells to styrene exposure: evaluation of its effects on apoptosis and gene expression by genomic technology. , 2004, Toxicology.

[739]  F. Schmahl,et al.  Stereometabolism of styrene in man , 1987, Archives of Toxicology.

[740]  Human exposure to potentially carcinogenic compounds. , 1984, IARC scientific publications.

[741]  Kelly W Leovic,et al.  Measurement of Indoor Air Emissions from Dry-Process Photocopy Machines. , 1996, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association.

[742]  R. Cooper,et al.  Environmental endocrine disruption: an effects assessment and analysis. , 1998, Environmental health perspectives.

[743]  M. A. Islam,et al.  Volatile Organic Compounds in the Ambient Air of Rousse, Bulgaria , 1999 .

[744]  K. Murata,et al.  Assessment of the peripheral, central, and autonomic nervous system function in styrene workers. , 1991, American journal of industrial medicine.

[745]  Esko Toppila,et al.  Effect of Styrene on Postural Stability Among Reinforced Plastic Boat Plant Workers in Finland , 2006, Journal of occupational and environmental medicine.

[746]  H. Adlercreutz Phytoestrogens: epidemiology and a possible role in cancer protection. , 1995, Environmental health perspectives.

[747]  B. Priestly,et al.  Species differences in the genotoxicity of cyclophosphamide and styrene in three in vivo assays. , 1992, Mutation research.

[748]  J. Méndez,et al.  Simultaneous high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of urinary mandelic and phenylglyoxylic acids as indirect evaluation of styrene exposure. , 2001, Journal of chromatography. B, Biomedical sciences and applications.

[749]  S. Fustinoni,et al.  An integrated approach to biomonitoring exposure to styrene and styrene-(7,8)-oxide using a repeated measurements sampling design , 2008, Biomarkers : biochemical indicators of exposure, response, and susceptibility to chemicals.

[750]  J. Startin,et al.  A survey of styrene monomer levels in foods and plastic packaging by coupled mass spectrometry--automatic headspace gas chromatography. , 1983, Journal of the science of food and agriculture.

[751]  V. Devita,et al.  IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans. , 1980, American Industrial Hygiene Association journal.

[752]  R Spirtas,et al.  Mortality among rubber workers: Relationship to specific jobs. , 1976, Journal of occupational medicine. : official publication of the Industrial Medical Association.

[753]  Y. Nakai,et al.  Degeneration and regeneration of respiratory mucosa of rats after exposure to styrene , 1986, Journal of applied toxicology : JAT.

[754]  F. Guengerich,et al.  Stereoselectivity of styrene oxidation in microsomes and in purified cytochrome P-450 enzymes from rat liver. , 1989, The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics.

[755]  G. B. Bartolucci,et al.  Otoneurological study in workers exposed to styrene in the fiberglass industry , 1996, International archives of occupational and environmental health.

[756]  M. Grasserbauer,et al.  Measurement of Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Concentration Profiles in the Atmosphere of a Remote Forest Region , 1999 .

[757]  P. Seth,et al.  Effect of styrene on dopamine receptors , 1982, Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology.

[758]  I. Morioka,et al.  Evaluation of organic solvent ototoxicity by the upper limit of hearing. , 1999, Archives of environmental health.

[759]  NTP-CERHR monograph on the potential human reproductive and developmental effects of styrene. , 2006, NTP CERHR MON.

[760]  Sampling and Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds Evolved During Thermal Processing of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Composite Resins , 1995 .

[761]  G. Csanády,et al.  A physiologic pharmacokinetic model for styrene and styrene-7,8-oxide in mouse, rat and man , 2009, Archives of Toxicology.

[762]  J. Adda,et al.  Occurrence of sesquiterpenes in mountain cheese volatiles , 1978 .

[763]  E. Matikainen,et al.  Nervous system effects of occupational exposure to styrene: a clinical and neurophysiological study. , 1993, Environmental research.

[764]  R. Pero,et al.  Occupational and in vitro exposure to styrene assessed by unscheduled DNA synthesis in resting human lymphocytes. , 1982, Carcinogenesis.

[765]  Gurumurthy Ramachandran,et al.  Outdoor, Indoor, and Personal Exposure to VOCs in Children , 2004, Environmental health perspectives.

[766]  J. Walradt,et al.  Volatile components of roasted filberts , 1972 .

[767]  T. Cresteil,et al.  Developmental expression of CYP2E1 in the human liver. Hypermethylation control of gene expression during the neonatal period. , 1996, European journal of biochemistry.

[768]  A T Hodgson,et al.  Volatile organic compound concentrations and emission rates in new manufactured and site-built houses. , 2000, Indoor air.

[769]  R. Lilis,et al.  Clinical studies of styrene workers: initial findings. , 1976, Environmental health perspectives.

[770]  D. Morgan,et al.  Cytogenetic studies of rodents exposed to styrene by inhalation. , 1993, IARC scientific publications.

[771]  G. Poulet,et al.  Kinetic study of reactions of some organic sulfur compounds with oh radicals , 1984 .

[772]  M. Ogata,et al.  Quantitation of urinary metabolites of toluene, xylene, styrene, ethylbenzene, benzene and phenol by automated high performance liquid chromatography , 1987, International archives of occupational and environmental health.

[773]  O. Wong A cohort mortality study and a case-control study of workers potentially exposed to styrene in the reinforced plastics and composites industry. , 1990, British journal of industrial medicine.

[774]  I. Mraković,et al.  Microbial transformation of styrene by anaerobic consortia. , 1990, The Journal of applied bacteriology.

[775]  L. Fishbein Exposure from occupational versus other sources. , 1992, Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health.

[776]  Wei Ping Yang,et al.  Protective effect of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (L-NAC) against styrene-induced cochlear injuries , 2009, Acta oto-laryngologica.

[777]  Timothy G. Townsend,et al.  Leaching of Pollutants from Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement , 1999 .

[778]  Joel Waldfogel,et al.  Introduction , 2010, Inf. Econ. Policy.

[779]  J. Yager,et al.  Sister-chromatid exchanges in lymphocytes are increased in relation to longitudinally measured occupational exposure to low concentrations of styrene. , 1993, Mutation research.