Salicylate, a new plant hormone.

Centuries ago,theAmerican Indians andancient Greeks independently discovered thattheleaves andbarkofthe willow tree cured aches andfevers. Itwasnotuntil 1828that Johann Buchner, working inMunich, successfully isolated a tiny amountofsalicin, theglucoside ofsalicyl alcohol, which wasthemajorsalicylate inwillow bark(for review seeref. 23). ThenameSA2, fromtheLatin wordSalix forwillow tree, wasgiven tothis active ingredient ofwillow barkbyRaffaele Piria in1838. Thefirst commercial production ofsynthetic SAbeganinGermany in1874.Aspirin, atrade namefor acetylsalicylic acid, wasintroduced bytheBayerCompany in1898andrapidly became oneofworld's best-selling drugs. Inspite ofthefact thatthemodeofmedicinal action of salicylates isasubject ofcontinual debate, theyarebeing usedtotreat humandiseases ranging fromthecommoncold toheart attacks. Because eveninaqueous solutions aspirin undergoes spontaneous hydrolysis toSA,thetwocompounds havesimilar effects inplants andwill betreated together in this review. Salicylic orortho-hydroxybenzoic acid belongs toadiverse

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