Uncertainty, Value, Communication, and Problematic Integration

This essay discusses problematic integration (PI) theory, a general perspective on the nature of the dynamic relationship between communication and tensions among expectations and desires and considers the relevance and potential value of PI theory to questions foundational to the field of communication research. The paper begins with a discussion of the main propositions of PI theory, then considers the relationship between the theory and emerging analyses of uncertainty, attending in particular to the meanings of uncertainty and the tensions among uncertainties, wants, and wishes.

[1]  James Price Dillard,et al.  Seeking Compliance: The Production of Interpersonal Influence Messages , 1990 .

[2]  Carlos G. Aleman,et al.  Identity Implications of Influence Goals: A Revised Analysis of Face-Threatening Acts and Application to Seeking Compliance with Same-Sex Friends. , 1998 .

[3]  S. Kraemer Steps to an Ecology of Mind: Gregory Bateson , 1993, British Journal of Psychiatry.

[4]  R. Norton,et al.  Measurement of ambiguity tolerance. , 1975, Journal of personality assessment.

[5]  R. Yin Yin, Robert K., Case Study Research: Design and Methods, 2nd ed. Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 1994. , 1994 .

[6]  I. Ajzen,et al.  Belief, Attitude, Intention, and Behavior: An Introduction to Theory and Research , 1977 .

[7]  H. Bursztajn,et al.  Medical Choices, Medical Chances: How Patients, Families, and Physicians Can Cope with Uncertainty , 1981 .

[8]  M. Mattson,et al.  Theorizing about health communication. , 2003 .

[9]  Richard S. Lazanis Stress and emotion, a new synthesis , 1999 .

[10]  Donald N. Levine,et al.  The Flight from Ambiguity: Essays in Social and Cultural Theory , 1988 .

[11]  S. Folkman,et al.  Stress, appraisal, and coping , 1974 .

[12]  Min-Sun Kim,et al.  Attitude-Behavior Relations: A Meta-Analysis of Attitudinal Relevance and Topic , 1993 .

[13]  Descriptors Higher Annual Meeting of the International Communication Association , 1974 .

[14]  Paul Atkinson,et al.  Medical talk and medical work , 1995 .

[15]  Cynthia Stohl,et al.  Social support messages and the management of uncertainty in the experience of breast cancer: An application of problematic integration theory , 1996 .

[16]  M. Sherif,et al.  The psychology of attitudes. , 1946, Psychological review.

[17]  Arie W. Kruglanski Knowledge as a social psychological construct. , 1988 .

[18]  D. L. Swanson,et al.  Disentangling Antecedents of Audience Exposure Levels: Extending Expectancy-Value Analyses of Gratifications Sought from Television News. , 1988 .

[19]  D. Cicchetti Emotion and Adaptation , 1993 .

[20]  Franziska Marquart,et al.  Communication and persuasion : central and peripheral routes to attitude change , 1988 .

[21]  A. Babrow The Advent of Multiple-Process Theories of Communication , 1993 .

[22]  A. Babrow,et al.  The many meanings of uncertainty in illness: toward a systematic accounting. , 1998, Health communication.

[23]  R. Hogarth,et al.  Decision Making under Ambiguity , 1986 .

[24]  A. Babrow Communication and problematic integration: Milan Kundera's “lost letters” in the book of laughter and forgetting , 1995 .

[25]  S. Chaiken,et al.  Attitude structure and function. , 1998 .

[26]  Howard Raiffa,et al.  Decision analysis: introductory lectures on choices under uncertainty. 1968. , 1969, M.D.Computing.

[27]  S. Fiske,et al.  The Handbook of Social Psychology , 1935 .

[28]  M. Csíkszentmihályi Beyond boredom and anxiety , 1975 .

[29]  Frederick B. Hodges,et al.  Training for Uncertainty , 1993 .

[30]  Vernon L. Smith,et al.  Rational Choice: The Contrast between Economics and Psychology , 1991, Journal of Political Economy.

[31]  A. Babrow,et al.  From Coping With Life to Coping With Death: Problematic Integration for the Seriously Ill Elderly , 2001, Health communication.

[32]  A. Babrow,et al.  From "reducing" to "coping with" uncertainty: reconceptualizing the central challenge in breast self-exams. , 2000, Social science & medicine.

[33]  D. Brashers,et al.  Theorizing communication and health 1 , 1996 .

[34]  Communication and Problematic Integration in End-of-Life Decisions: Dialysis Decisions Among the Elderly , 1997 .

[35]  James A. Anderson,et al.  Communication Theory: Epistemological Foundations , 1996 .

[36]  M. Mishel Reconceptualization of the uncertainty in illness theory. , 1990, Image--the journal of nursing scholarship.

[37]  A. Babrow Audience motivation, viewing context, media content, and form: The interactional emergence of soap opera entertainment , 1990 .

[38]  Floyd J. Fowler,et al.  Survey Research Methods , 1984 .

[39]  Duane T. Wegener,et al.  Attitudes and attitude change. , 1997, Annual review of psychology.

[40]  J. Galbraith The Affluent Society , 1958 .

[41]  Len Ackland,et al.  Communicating Uncertainty: Media Coverage of New and Controversial Science , 2000 .

[42]  S. Haas,et al.  Communication in the management of uncertainty: The case of persons living with HIV or AIDS , 2000 .

[43]  J. Loubser,et al.  Explorations in General Theory in Social Science , 1977 .

[44]  Johanna Nichols,et al.  Evidentiality: The Linguistic Coding of Epistemology , 1986 .

[45]  R. Audi The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy , 1995 .

[46]  Sharon Dunwoody,et al.  Communicating uncertainty: media coverage of new and controversial science. , 1999 .

[47]  M. Vanderford,et al.  The Silicone Breast Implant Story: Communication and Uncertainty , 1996 .

[48]  Donald N. Levine,et al.  The Flight from Ambiguity: Essays in Social and Cultural Theory. , 1987 .

[49]  Steven Schwartz,et al.  Medical Thinking: The Psychology of Medical Judgment and Decision Making , 1986 .

[50]  A. Babrow Tensions Between Health Beliefs and Desires: Implications for a Health Communication Campaign to Promote a Smoking-Cessation Program , 1991 .

[51]  Herbert Blumer,et al.  Attitudes and the Social Act , 1955 .

[52]  L. McMullen,et al.  Seeking Compliance: The Production of Interpersonal Influence Messages , 1992 .

[53]  A. Babrow,et al.  Communication and Problematic Integration: Understanding Diverging Probability and Value, Ambiguity, Ambivalence, and Impossibility , 1992 .