Towards methodological support for secure architectures of software-intensive systems-of-systems

In our hyper-connected world, the complexity, interactions and security of the multiple complex software systems give rise to a particular growing interest in Systems-of-Systems (SoS) engineering. Basically, SoS are intended to achieve performance, behavior or global goals that none of their Constituent Systems (CSs) is able to achieve independently. Some examples of SoS application domains are defense and national security, business information systems, Internet-of-Everything (IoE) and smart cities. Whereas there have been several attempts to define SoS and many designations were used to describe these complex systems composed of distributed independent CSs which interact to realize a common goal, there is yet no shared agreement on their definition [9]. However, Jamshidi's [8] definition is one of the most popular: "SoS are large-scale, distributed, concurrent systems comprised of complex systems". Many other researchers characterized SoS by their main features, particularly Mair specifies the following five essential characteristics referred to by the acronym OMGEE [14][12]: Operational and Managerial independence of the CSs, Geog -raphic distribution, Evolutionary development and Emergent behavior. Several other concepts could describe SoS such as: global mission, belonging, autonomy, connectivity and diversity [14].

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