Proteomics in biological research: the challenge to make proteins speak.

With the arrival of facile and sensitive protein characterization by mass spectrometry (Eng et al. 1994; Mann and Wilm 1994) the goal to completely characterize a cellular state by analyzing all its proteins was formulated and summarized under the synonym proteomics (Wasinger et al. 1995). Since then an entire discipline evolved (Wilkins et al. 1997; Dunn 2001). The diversity of the field may be better described by its currently achievable goals than by its initial projection. Proteomic activities are aimed at gaining insights into biological systems by analyzing cellular states and processes qualitatively and quantitatively on the protein level. There are two broadly distinguishable branches: protein expression-based proteomics (Anderson and Anderson 1998; Haynes et al. 1998) and cell map or functional proteomics (Blackstock and Weir 1999).

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