Face Detection in Repeated Settings

Face detection is an important first step before face verification and recognition. In unconstrained settings it is still an open challenge because of the variation in pose, lighting, scale, background and location. However, for the purposes of verification we can have a control on background and location. Images are primarily captured in places such as the entrance to a sensitive building, in front of a door or some location where the background does not change. We present a correlation based face detection algorithm to detect faces in such settings, where we control the location, and leave lighting, pose, and scale uncontrolled. In these scenarios the results indicate that our algorithm is easy and fast to train, outperforms Viola and Jones face detection accuracy and is faster to test.

[1]  B. V. K. Vijaya Kumar,et al.  Efficient design of advanced correlation filters for robust distortion-tolerant face recognition , 2003, Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance, 2003..

[2]  B V Kumar,et al.  Tutorial survey of composite filter designs for optical correlators. , 1992, Applied optics.

[3]  Hyeonjoon Moon,et al.  The FERET Evaluation Methodology for Face-Recognition Algorithms , 2000, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[4]  Jian Sun,et al.  Joint Cascade Face Detection and Alignment , 2014, ECCV.

[5]  Bruce A. Draper,et al.  The challenge of face recognition from digital point-and-shoot cameras , 2013, 2013 IEEE Sixth International Conference on Biometrics: Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS).

[6]  David A. McAllester,et al.  Cascade object detection with deformable part models , 2010, 2010 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[7]  Yu Qiao,et al.  Joint Face Detection and Alignment Using Multitask Cascaded Convolutional Networks , 2016, IEEE Signal Processing Letters.

[8]  Franklin C. Crow,et al.  Summed-area tables for texture mapping , 1984, SIGGRAPH.

[9]  Narendra Ahuja,et al.  Detecting Faces in Images: A Survey , 2002, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[10]  Edward H. Adelson,et al.  The Laplacian Pyramid as a Compact Image Code , 1983, IEEE Trans. Commun..

[11]  Shuo Yang,et al.  From Facial Parts Responses to Face Detection: A Deep Learning Approach , 2015, 2015 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV).

[12]  Bruce A. Draper,et al.  Average of Synthetic Exact Filters , 2009, CVPR.

[13]  J L Horner,et al.  Light utilization in optical correlators. , 1982, Applied optics.

[14]  Anil K. Jain,et al.  Pushing the frontiers of unconstrained face detection and recognition: IARPA Janus Benchmark A , 2015, 2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[15]  Gee-In Goo.  Correlation filter for target detection and noise and clutter rejection , 1996, Defense, Security, and Sensing.

[16]  J Shamir,et al.  Scale invariant pattern recognition with logarithmic radial harmonic filters. , 1989, Applied optics.

[17]  H. Caulfield.  Role of the Horner efficiency in the optimization of spatial filters for optical pattern recognition. , 1982, Applied optics.

[18]  B. V. K. Vijaya Kumar,et al.  Incremental updating of advanced correlation filters for biometric authentication systems , 2003, 2003 International Conference on Multimedia and Expo. ICME '03. Proceedings (Cat. No.03TH8698).

[19]  B. V. Vijaya Kumar,et al.  Unconstrained correlation filters. , 1994, Applied optics.

[20]  Marios Savvides,et al.  Correlation Pattern Recognition for Face Recognition , 2006, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[21]  Abhijit Mahalanobis,et al.  Distance classifier correlation filters , 1994, Defense, Security, and Sensing.

[22]  Anil K. Jain,et al.  Unconstrained face detection: State of the art baseline and challenges , 2015, 2015 International Conference on Biometrics (ICB).

[23]  B. V. K. Vijaya Kumar,et al.  Correlation filters with controlled scale response , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing.

[24]  Jean Ponce,et al.  Computer Vision: A Modern Approach , 2002 .

[25]  Gang Hua,et al.  The IJCB 2014 PaSC video face and person recognition competition , 2014, IEEE International Joint Conference on Biometrics.

[26]  B. V. Vijaya Kumar,et al.  Minimum-variance synthetic discriminant functions , 1986 .

[27]  P. Khosla,et al.  Face Verification using Correlation Filters , 2002 .

[28]  Yoav Freund,et al.  A decision-theoretic generalization of on-line learning and an application to boosting , 1995, EuroCOLT.

[29]  D. O. North,et al.  An Analysis of the factors which determine signal/noise discrimination in pulsed-carrier systems , 1963 .

[30]  Gang Hua,et al.  Efficient Boosted Exemplar-Based Face Detection , 2014, 2014 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[31]  D. Casasent,et al.  Minimum average correlation energy filters. , 1987, Applied optics.

[32]  Gang Hua,et al.  A convolutional neural network cascade for face detection , 2015, 2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[33]  P Refregier.  Optimal trade-off filters for noise robustness, sharpness of the correlation peak, and Horner efficiency. , 1991, Optics letters.

[34]  Li-Jia Li,et al.  Multi-view Face Detection Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks , 2015, ICMR.

[35]  Paul A. Viola,et al.  Rapid object detection using a boosted cascade of simple features , 2001, Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. CVPR 2001.

[36]  Guigang Zhang,et al.  Deep Learning , 2016, Int. J. Semantic Comput..

[37]  Bruce A. Draper,et al.  Report on the FG 2015 Video Person Recognition Evaluation , 2015, 2015 11th IEEE International Conference and Workshops on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG).

[38]  D Casasent,et al.  Multivariant technique for multiclass pattern recognition. , 1980, Applied optics.

[39]  B. V. K. Vijaya Kumar,et al.  Spatial frequency domain image processing for biometric recognition , 2002, Proceedings. International Conference on Image Processing.

[40]  Bruce A. Draper,et al.  Visual object tracking using adaptive correlation filters , 2010, 2010 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[41]  Paul A. Viola,et al.  Robust Real-Time Face Detection , 2001, Proceedings Eighth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision. ICCV 2001.