Virosomal influenza-vaccine induced immunity in HIV-infected individuals with high versus low CD4+ T-cell counts: clues towards a rational vaccination strategy

In a prospective influenza-vaccination trial we show that HIV-infected individuals with CD4+ T-cell counts less than 350 μl were distinct from HIV-infected individuals with more than 350 CD4+ T-cell counts/μl, and from HIV-negative individuals, in that an influenza-specific immunoglobulin M-response was absent and expansion of interferon-γ-secreting CD4+ T cells was impaired. By contrast, immunoglobulin G-responses were induced in all study groups. These data suggest that establishing broad influenza-specific (immunoglobulin G) B-cell memory prior to severe immunodeficiency is important.

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