Perspectives for the Use of Biogas and Biomethane in the Context of the Green Energy Transformation on the Example of an EU Country

Natural gas is the primary source of energy, accounting for around 20% of the world’s energy production. It is also a key element in reducing CO2 emissions due to its key role in stabilizing renewable energy sources. At the same time, natural gas as a fossil fuel that emits CO2 should be limited. A natural candidate that can ensure the stabilization of RES and at the same time reduce the demand for fossil fuels is biogas. Successful use of biogas requires a thorough understanding of the potential, structure, and specifics of its sources and production technology. The presented study provides a perspective and a brief overview of the existing potential of biogas production. Poland was chosen as the case study and it was shown that almost 90% of the Polish biogas potential comes from sources with a capacity below 100 Nm3/h, which is the current minimum commercially available capacity of the biogas purification and liquefaction technologies. Consequently, full utilization of these sources would require a downsizing of these technologies.

[1]  F. Osorio,et al.  Purification and upgrading biogas from anaerobic digestion using chemical asborption of CO2 with amines in order to produce biomethane as biofuel for vehicles: a pilot-scale study , 2022, Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects.

[2]  A. Morawski,et al.  Ammonia as a potential marine fuel: A review , 2022, Energy Strategy Reviews.

[3]  R. Liu,et al.  Ammonia recovery from anaerobic digestate: state of the art, challenges and prospects. , 2022, Bioresource technology.

[4]  Z. Malecha.  Risks for a Successful Transition to a Net-Zero Emissions Energy System , 2022, Energies.

[5]  I. Dincer,et al.  Progress in green ammonia production as potential carbon-free fuel , 2021 .

[6]  T. Mahlia,et al.  Biogas upgrading, economy and utilization: a review , 2021, Environmental Chemistry Letters.

[7]  W. Ho,et al.  Polymeric membranes for CO2 separation and capture , 2021 .

[8]  H. Kirchmann,et al.  Sustainable N fertilizer production based on a loop: Straw - biogas – ‘Haber-Bosch’ process , 2021 .

[9]  G. Piechota,et al.  Biomethane in Poland—Current Status, Potential, Perspective and Development , 2021, Energies.

[10]  A. Bąk,et al.  Emission and Neutralization of Methane from a Municipal Landfill-Parametric Analysis , 2020, Energies.

[11]  V. D. Gooyert,et al.  The systemic impact of a transition fuel: Does natural gas help or hinder the energy transition? , 2020 .

[12]  M. Chorowski,et al.  Liquefied Natural Gas in Mobile Applications—Opportunities and Challenges , 2020 .

[13]  M. Heleno,et al.  Self-consumption for energy communities in Spain: a regional analysis under the new legal framework , 2020, Energy Policy.

[14]  K. Rajendran,et al.  How to optimise photosynthetic biogas upgrading: a perspective on system design and microalgae selection. , 2019, Biotechnology advances.

[15]  I. Capellán-Pérez,et al.  Dynamic Energy Return on Energy Investment (EROI) and material requirements in scenarios of global transition to renewable energies , 2019, Energy Strategy Reviews.

[16]  M. Gatti,et al.  Biomethane liquefaction: A systematic comparative analysis of refrigeration technologies , 2019, Applied Thermal Engineering.

[17]  K. Czerski,et al.  Energy intensitites, EROI (energy returned on invested), for electric energy sources , 2018 .

[18]  T. Trainer.  Estimating the EROI of whole systems for 100% renewable electricity supply capable of dealing with intermittency , 2018, Energy Policy.

[19]  A. Attia,et al.  New approach for biogas purification using cryogenic separation and distillation process for CO2 capture , 2018, Energy.

[20]  Miguel Angel Gonzalez-Salazar,et al.  Review of the operational flexibility and emissions of gas- and coal-fired power plants in a future with growing renewables , 2018 .

[21]  Y. Yun.  Recent Advances in Carbon Capture and Storage , 2017 .

[22]  N. Lyczko,et al.  A Review of Biogas Utilisation, Purification and Upgrading Technologies , 2017, Waste and Biomass Valorization.

[23]  T. Kiatsiriroat,et al.  Absorption of CO2 in Biogas with Amine Solution for Biomethane Enrichment , 2016 .

[24]  Rimika Kapoor,et al.  Modeling the Water Scrubbing Process and Energy Requirements for CO2 Capture to Upgrade Biogas to Biomethane , 2014 .

[25]  Thomas Hamacher,et al.  Integration of wind and solar power in Europe: Assessment of flexibility requirements , 2014 .

[26]  Daniel Weißbach,et al.  Energy intensities, EROIs (energy returned on invested), and energy payback times of electricity generating power plants , 2013 .

[27]  Denis Clodic,et al.  CO2 capture by antisublimation process and its technical economic analysis , 2013 .

[28]  Marco Aurélio dos Santos Bernardes,et al.  Biofuel's Engineering Process Technology , 2011 .

[29]  N. Jenkins,et al.  Wind Energy Handbook: Burton/Wind Energy Handbook , 2011 .

[30]  Ainhoa Alonso-Vicario,et al.  Purification and upgrading of biogas by pressure swing adsorption on synthetic and natural zeolites , 2010 .

[31]  Ivo F. J. Vankelecom,et al.  Membrane-based technologies for biogas separations. , 2010, Chemical Society reviews.

[32]  Gary T. Rochelle,et al.  Amine Scrubbing for CO2 Capture , 2009, Science.

[33]  Alírio E. Rodrigues,et al.  Metal Organic Framework Adsorbent for Biogas Upgrading , 2008 .

[34]  Gary T. Rochelle,et al.  Absorption of carbon dioxide in aqueous piperazine/methyldiethanolamine , 2002 .

[35]  K. Gawroński,et al.  WIND FARMS IN POLAND – LEGAL AND LOCATION CONDITIONS. THE CASE OF MARGONIN WIND FARM , 2019, Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape.

[36]  Hendrik Kondziella,et al.  Flexibility requirements of renewable energy based electricity systems – a review of research results and methodologies , 2016 .

[37]  Charles A. S. Hall,et al.  Energy, EROI and quality of life , 2014 .

[38]  D. Karakashev,et al.  Biomethanation and its potential. , 2011, Methods in enzymology.

[39]  Leo E. Jensen,et al.  The impact of turbulence intensity and atmospheric stability on power deficits due to wind turbine wakes at Horns Rev wind farm , 2010 .

[40]  J. Bekkering,et al.  Optimisation of a green gas supply chain--a review. , 2010, Bioresource technology.

[41]  C. Ofori-Boateng,et al.  Water scrubbing: a better option for biogas purification for effective storage. , 2008 .