Your Turn or My Turn?: Design of a Human-Machine Interface for Conditional Automation

Cooperative Conditionally Automated Driving (CAD) systems pose new challenges to the development of human-machine interfaces (HMI). The system's current status and intentions must be communicated unambiguously to ensure safe driver-system interaction and acceptance. This topic is becoming increasingly important as advanced automated driving functions are expected to carry out tactical and strategical driving maneuvers. Within the current study, an HMI for CAD was designed and evaluated by a sample of human factors experts (N=6). The participants passed seven interaction scenarios in which they either had to take over control or let the system execute a maneuver. Driving task responsibility was explicitly communicated by the HMI (e.g., by coloring and semantic text information). Quantitative and qualitative system usability was examined during and after the drive. Results pointed towards a very good overall usability and acceptance. Except for one case, interactions went according to the system's intention. Suggested design improvements were implemented.

[1]  Alexandra Neukum,et al.  A Human-Machine Interface for Cooperative Highly Automated Driving , 2017 .

[2]  Alexandra Neukum,et al.  Effectiveness of advisory warnings based on cooperative perception , 2015 .

[3]  Thomas J Triggs,et al.  Impact on driving performance of intelligent speed adaptation, following distance warning and seatbelt reminder systems: key findings from the TAC SafeCar Project , 2006 .

[4]  R. Happee,et al.  Automated Driving: Human-Factors Issues and Design Solutions , 2012 .

[5]  J. B. Brooke,et al.  SUS: A 'Quick and Dirty' Usability Scale , 1996 .

[6]  Fred D. Davis.  Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, and User Acceptance of Information Technology , 1989, MIS Q..

[7]  David D. Woods,et al.  Envisioning human-robot coordination in future operations , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C (Applications and Reviews).

[8]  Victoria A Banks,et al.  What the drivers do and do not tell you: using verbal protocol analysis to investigate driver behaviour in emergency situations , 2014, Ergonomics.

[9]  Jon Damon Reese,et al.  Analyzing Software Specifications for Mode Confusion Potential , 1998 .

[10]  Klaus C. J. Dietmayer,et al.  Car2X-based perception in a high-level fusion architecture for cooperative perception systems , 2012, 2012 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium.

[11]  Thomas J Triggs,et al.  On-Road Evaluation of Intelligent Speed Adaptation, Following Distance Warning and Seatbelt Reminder Systems: Final Results of the TAC SafeCar Project , 2006 .

[12]  Klaus Bengler,et al.  Ubernahmezeiten beim hochautomatisierten Autofahren , 2012 .

[13]  Alexandra Neukum,et al.  The effect of urgency of take-over requests during highly automated driving under distraction conditions , 2014 .

[14]  Alexandra Neukum,et al.  Controllability of partially automated driving functions - does it matter whether drivers are allowed to take their hands off the steering wheel? , 2015 .

[15]  Ronald L. Boring,et al.  Shared understanding for collaborative control , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part A: Systems and Humans.