An Audio Watermarking Technique That Is Robust Against Random Cropping

Computer Music Journal, 27:4, pp. 58–68, Winter 2003 2003 Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Recent years have seen increased Internet traffic and the proliferation of digital audio distribution in the form of MP3 files. As such, copyright protection of digital audio works is becoming increasingly important. As a complement to conventional encryption techniques, watermarking provides powerful tools for copyright protection and has become a very active research area in recent years. Audio watermarking is a technique that embeds information with specific meaning into the host media without interference to the quality of the original work. Proposed applications of audio watermarking include copyright protection, annotation, authentication, broadcast monitoring, and tamper proofing. Depending on the application, the inserted watermark data can include copyright information, serial numbers, text (e.g., the name of the composer and title of the work), a small image, or even a small clip of audio. The watermark is hidden in host media and is usually imperceptible to humans. The watermark must also be able to withstand signal-processing manipulations. In general, a good audio watermarking scheme should possess the following properties:

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