Particle Swarm Optimization and Backward/Forward Sweep Load Flow Analysis for Droop-Regulated Islanded Microgrids

This paper presents a frequency and voltage control implementation for a droop-regulated islanded microgrid through Direct Backward Forward Sweep Load-Flow Method (DBFS) modeled as a particle swarm optimization (PSO) problem. The PSO allied with the Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology of electric vehicles controls the microgrid droop features to improve steady state frequency and voltage. As an advantage, this load flow method runs without the necessity of a slack bus. Simulations are performed in a 33-bus distribution system with distributed generators and electric vehicles, and the results showed the effectiveness and convergence of the proposed method.