Road Expansion and Market Integration in the Austrian Low Countries during the Second Half of the 18th Century

L’article analyse l’integration des marches du ble entre 18 villes des Pays-Bas autrichiens, dans la seconde moitie du xviiie siecle. Il s’interesse en particulier au role qu’aurait joue la rapide expansion du reseau de routes pavees dans cette integration. Un modele a changement de regime (switching regression) est utilise pour evaluer l’integration a court et a long terme entre ces marches, a partir de donnees mensuelles sur les prix du ble. Il apparait que, tout au long de la periode etudiee, les marches etaient bien interconnectes. Mais l’ajustement aux chocs locaux ne se faisait qu’assez lentement. En outre, les couts de transaction s’averent relativement eleves. Ces resultats donnent l’image d’un marche complexe, avec des inversions regulieres des flux et des periodes ou le commerce entre des marches-cles ne degageait pas de profits. L’historiographie belge considere en general que la construction d’un reseau de routes pavees a reduit les couts de transaction de facon substantielle. La presente recherche, elle, indique que ces derniers etaient surtout influences par la distance, les couts fixes et l’existence de rivieres et canaux, plutot que par le reseau routier.

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