Changes in growth, porosity, and radial oxygen loss from adventitious roots of selected mono‐ and dicotyledonous wetland species with contrasting types of aerenchyma

Growth in stagnant, oxygen-deficient nutrient solution increased porosity in adventitious roots of two monocotyledonous (Carex acuta and Juncus effusus) and three dicotyledonous species (Caltha palustris, Ranunculus sceleratus and Rumex palustris) wetland species from 10 to 30% under aerated conditions to 20‐45%. The spatial patterns of radial oxygen loss (ROL), determined with rootsleeving oxygen electrodes, indicated a strong constitutive ‘barrier’ to ROL in the basal root zones of the two monocotyledonous species. In contrast, roots of the dicotyledonous species showed no significant ‘barrier’ to ROL when grown in aerated solution, and only a partial ‘barrier’ when grown in stagnant conditions. This partial ‘barrier’ was strongest in C. palustris, so that ROL from basal zones of roots of R. sceleratus and R. palustris was substantial when compared to the monocotyledonous species. ROL from the basal zones would decrease longitudinal diffusion of oxygen to the root apex, and therefore limit the maximum penetration depth of these roots into anaerobic soil. Further studies of a larger number of dicotyledonous wetland species from a range of substrates are required to elucidate the ecophysiological consequences of developing a partial, rather than a strong, ‘barrier’ to ROL.

[1]  B. Sorrell.  Effect of external oxygen demand on radial oxygen loss by Juncus roots in titanium citrate solutions , 1999 .

[2]  W. Armstrong,et al.  Formation of Aerenchyma and the Processes of Plant Ventilation in Relation to Soil Flooding and Submergence , 1999 .

[3]  C. Blom.  Adaptations to Flooding Stress: From Plant Community to Molecule , 1999 .

[4]  T. Colmer,et al.  Radial oxygen loss from intact roots of Halophila ovalis as a function of distance behind the root tip and shoot illumination , 1999 .

[5]  W. Brüggemann,et al.  Flooding tolerance of Carex species. II. Root gas-exchange capacity , 1998, Planta.

[6]  T. Colmer,et al.  The barrier to radial oxygen loss from roots of rice (Oryza sativa L.) is induced by growth in stagnant solution , 1998 .

[7]  A. Bloom,et al.  A comparison of NH4+ and NO3– net fluxes along roots of rice and maize , 1998 .

[8]  K. Butterbach‐Bahl,et al.  Impact of gas transport through rice cultivars on methane emission from rice paddy fields , 1997 .

[9]  Malcolm C. Drew,et al.  OXYGEN DEFICIENCY AND ROOT METABOLISM: Injury and Acclimation Under Hypoxia and Anoxia. , 1997, Annual review of plant physiology and plant molecular biology.

[10]  L. Voesenek,et al.  Elongation by primary lateral roots and adventitious roots during conditions of hypoxia and high ethylene concentrations , 1997 .

[11]  J. Cohen,et al.  An Ethylene-Mediated Increase in Sensitivity to Auxin Induces Adventitious Root Formation in Flooded Rumex palustris Sm. , 1996, Plant physiology.

[12]  W. Armstrong,et al.  Pathways of aeration and the mechanisms and beneficial effects of humidity- and Venturi-induced convections in Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. , 1996 .

[13]  J. Rijnders,et al.  The contrasting role of auxin in submergence‐induced petiole elongation in two species from frequently flooded wetlands , 1996 .

[14]  L. Voesenek,et al.  Flooding‐induced adventitious rooting in Rumex: morphology and development in an ecological perspective , 1996 .

[15]  M. Bertness,et al.  MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF A POSITIVE PLANT INTERACTION , 1995 .

[16]  S. Cringle,et al.  Microelectrode and Modelling Study of Oxygen Distribution in Roots , 1994 .

[17]  R. Delaune,et al.  Aerenchyma Formation and Methane and Oxygen Exchange in Rice , 1993 .

[18]  H. Greenway,et al.  Tolerance of wheat (Triticum aestivum cvs Gamenya and Kite) and triticale (Triticosecale cv. Muir) to waterlogging , 1992 .

[19]  G. Velde,et al.  Root aerenchyma, oxygen leakage patterns and alcoholic fermentation ability of the roots of some nymphaeid and isoetid macrophytes in relation to the sediment type of their habitat , 1990 .

[20]  H. Končalová.  Anatomical adaptations to waterlogging in roots of wetland graminoids: limitations and drawbacks , 1990 .

[21]  H. Greenway,et al.  Aerenchyma formation and associated oxygen movement in seminal and nodal roots of wheat. , 1990 .

[22]  W. Armstrong,et al.  Root morphology and aerenchyma formation as indicators for the flood-tolerance of Rumex species , 1989 .

[23]  W. Armstrong,et al.  The relative roles of internal aeration, radial oxygen losses, iron exclusion and nutrient balance in flood-tolerance of Rumex species , 1989 .

[24]  Laurentius A. C. J. Voesenek,et al.  Growth responses of Rumex species in relation to submergence and ethylene , 1989 .

[25]  W. Armstrong,et al.  Phragmites australis– A preliminary study of soil‐oxidizing sites and internal gas transport pathways , 1988 .

[26]  W. Armstrong,et al.  THE ANATOMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ROOTS AND PLANT RESPONSE TO SOIL FLOODING , 1987 .

[27]  I. Raskin.  A Method for Measuring Leaf Volume, Density, Thickness, and Internal Gas Volume , 1983, HortScience.

[28]  W. Harris,et al.  OBSERVATIONS ON THE ROOT ANATOMY OF RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.) , 1981 .

[29]  M. Drew,et al.  The Development of Waterlogging Damage in Young Wheat Plants in Anaerobic Solution Cultures , 1980 .

[30]  William Armstrong,et al.  A Re-examination of the Functional Significance of Aerenchyma , 1972 .

[31]  W. Armstrong.  Radial Oxygen Losses from Intact Rice Roots as Affected by Distance from the Apex, Respiration and Waterlogging , 1971 .

[32]  L. Voesenek,et al.  A lack of aerenchyma and high rates of radial oxygen loss from the root base contribute to the waterlogging intolerance of Brassica napus , 1999 .

[33]  P. Bodelier,et al.  Interactions between nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria in gnotobiotic microcosms planted with the emergent macrophyte Glyceria maxima , 1998 .

[34]  W. Armstrong,et al.  Root adaptation to soil waterlogging , 1991 .

[35]  M. Jackson,et al.  CHAPTER 3 – Effects of Flooding on Growth and Metabolism of Herbaceous Plants , 1984 .

[36]  W. Armstrong.  Aeration in Higher Plants , 1980 .