Periostin improves cell adhesion to implantable biomaterials and osteoblastic differentiation on implant titanium surfaces in a topography-dependent fashion.

Periostin is a matricellular protein highly expressed in periodontal ligament and periostium and has been shown to be required for tissue development and maintenance. We showed that the adhesion of murine osteoblastic MC3T3 cells to thiolated hyaluronic acid/polyethyleneglycol hydrogels was greatly improved by enrichment with periostin. Polished or sand-blasted/acid-etched (SLA) commercially pure titanium surfaces were also coated with this protein and periostin ameliorated cell adhesion and dramatically affected cell morphology on both surfaces, as assessed at fluorescence microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and chemiluminescence-based viability assay. Moreover, periostin increased the expression of alkaline phosphatase, osteoprotegerin, connective tissue growth factor, collagen 1a1, osteocalcin, Runx2, and osterix transcription factors on smooth surfaces. However, it did not affect, or even decreased, the expression of these genes on SLA discs. Transcript levels for connexin 43 were greatly increased on both surfaces in the presence of periostin. Taken together, these results show that periostin coatings can be a viable approach to improve cell adhesion and differentiation on implantable biomaterials.

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