Antioxidant Activity/Capacity Measurement. 3. Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species (ROS/RNS) Scavenging Assays, Oxidative Stress Biomarkers, and Chromatographic/Chemometric Assays.

There are many studies in which the antioxidant potential of different foods have been analyzed. However, there are still conflicting results and lack of information as a result of unstandardized assay techniques and differences between the principles of the methods applied. The measurement of antioxidant activity, especially in the case of mixtures, multifunctional or complex multiphase systems, cannot be evaluated satisfactorily using a simple antioxidant test due to the many variables influencing the results. In the literature, there are many antioxidant assays that are used to measure the total antioxidant activity/capacity of food materials. In this review, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) scavenging assays are evaluated with respect to their mechanism, advantages, disadvantages, and potential use in food systems. On the other hand, in vivo antioxidant activity (AOA) assays including oxidative stress biomarkers and cellular-based assays are covered within the scope of this review. Finally, chromatographic and chemometric assays are reviewed, focusing on their benefits especially with respect to their time saving, cost-effective, and sensitive nature.

[1]  C. H. Lea.  Methods for determining peroxide in lipids , 1952 .

[2]  E. H. White,et al.  Chemilunimescence of Luminol: The Chemcial Reaction , 1964 .

[3]  J. A. Wargon,et al.  Electron spin resonance studies of radical trapping in the radiolysis of organic liquids. I. Evidence for the primary formation of the methoxy radical in methanol , 1972 .

[4]  A. Bard,et al.  Production of Singlet Oxygen in Electrogenerated Radical Ion Electron Transfer Reactions , 1973 .

[5]  I. Kraljić,et al.  A NEW METHOD FOR THE DETECTION OF SINGLET OXYGEN IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS , 1978 .

[6]  M. Torres,et al.  Superoxide anion involvement in NBT reduction catalyzed by nadph‐cytochrome P‐450 reductase: A pitfall , 1978, FEBS letters.

[7]  E. Finkelstein,et al.  Spin trapping of superoxide. , 1979, Molecular pharmacology.

[8]  G. Weissmann,et al.  Ceruloplasmin. A scavenger of superoxide anion radicals. , 1979, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[9]  E. Finkelstein,et al.  Spin trapping of superoxide and hydroxyl radical: practical aspects. , 1980, Archives of biochemistry and biophysics.

[10]  H. Hill,et al.  Luminol-induced neutrophil chemiluminescence. , 1980, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[11]  S. Tannenbaum,et al.  Analysis of nitrate, nitrite, and [15N]nitrate in biological fluids. , 1982, Analytical biochemistry.

[12]  E. Finkelstein,et al.  A method for the detection of superoxide in biological systems. , 1982, Archives of biochemistry and biophysics.

[13]  E. Finkelstein,et al.  Use of spin traps in biological systems , 1985 .

[14]  T. R. Green,et al.  Myeloperoxidase oxidation of sulfur‐centered and benzoic acid hydroxyl radical scavengers , 1985, FEBS letters.

[15]  B. Ames,et al.  Naturally occurring carbonyl compounds are mutagens in Salmonella tester strain TA104. , 1985, Mutation research.

[16]  K. Ingold,et al.  Quantitative measurement of the total, peroxyl radical‐trapping antioxidant capability of human blood plasma by controlled peroxidation , 1985, FEBS letters.

[17]  B. Halliwell,et al.  Aromatic hydroxylation as a potential measure of hydroxyl-radical formation in vivo. Identification of hydroxylated derivatives of salicylate in human body fluids. , 1986, The Biochemical journal.

[18]  K. Davies.  Protein damage and degradation by oxygen radicals. I. general aspects. , 1987, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[19]  B. Britigan,et al.  Detection of the Production of Oxygen‐Centered Free Radicals by Human Neutrophils Using Spin Trapping Techniques: A Critical Perspective , 1987, Journal of leukocyte biology.

[20]  Kenneth R. Beebe,et al.  An introduction to multivariate calibration and analysis , 1987 .

[21]  K. Ingold,et al.  The relative contributions of vitamin E, urate, ascorbate and proteins to the total peroxyl radical-trapping antioxidant activity of human blood plasma. , 1987, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[22]  S. W. Lin,et al.  Protein damage and degradation by oxygen radicals. II. Modification of amino acids. , 1987, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[23]  H. Baum,et al.  Biologically-significant scavenging of the myeloperoxidase-derived oxidant hypochlorous acid by some anti-inflammatory drugs. , 1987, Biochemical pharmacology.

[24]  A. Kettle,et al.  The mechanism of myeloperoxidase-dependent chlorination of monochlorodimedon. , 1988, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[25]  G. Buxton,et al.  Critical Review of rate constants for reactions of hydrated electrons, hydrogen atoms and hydroxyl radicals (⋅OH/⋅O− in Aqueous Solution , 1988 .

[26]  D. Hassett,et al.  Problems associated with spin trapping oxygen-centered free radicals in biological systems. , 1989, Analytical biochemistry.

[27]  J. Corbett,et al.  The scopoletin assay for hydrogen peroxide. A review and a better method. , 1989, Journal of biochemical and biophysical methods.

[28]  A. Glazer,et al.  Phycoerythrin fluorescence-based assay for peroxy radicals: a screen for biologically relevant protective agents. , 1989, Analytical biochemistry.

[29]  B. Halliwell,et al.  The measurement and mechanism of lipid peroxidation in biological systems. , 1990, Trends in biochemical sciences.

[30]  B. Halliwell,et al.  Role of free radicals and catalytic metal ions in human disease: an overview. , 1990, Methods in enzymology.

[31]  A. Bast,et al.  Scavenging of hypochlorous acid by lipoic acid. , 1991, Biochemical pharmacology.

[32]  O. Aruoma,et al.  Antioxidant and pro-oxidant properties of active rosemary constituents: carnosol and carnosic acid. , 1992, Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems.

[33]  S. Wolff,et al.  Ferrous ion oxidation in the presence of xylenol orange for detection of lipid hydroperoxide in low density lipoprotein. , 1992, Analytical biochemistry.

[34]  D. Stanbury,et al.  Autoxidation of NO in aqueous solution , 1993 .

[35]  B. Halliwell,et al.  Evaluation of the antioxidant and prooxidant actions of gallic acid and its derivatives , 1993 .

[36]  H. Sies.  Strategies of antioxidant defense , 1993 .

[37]  H. Alessio,et al.  Oxygen-radical absorbance capacity assay for antioxidants. , 1993, Free radical biology & medicine.

[38]  L. Ignarro,et al.  Oxidation of nitric oxide in aqueous solution to nitrite but not nitrate: comparison with enzymatically formed nitric oxide from L-arginine. , 1993, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[39]  J. Kehrer.  Free radicals as mediators of tissue injury and disease. , 1993, Critical reviews in toxicology.

[40]  I. Fridovich,et al.  Luminol and lucigenin as detectors for O2ṡ , 1993 .

[41]  L. Packer,et al.  The nitric oxide-scavenging properties of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761. , 1994, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[42]  R. J. Boyd,et al.  A Theoretical Study of Spin Trapping by Nitrone: Trapping of Hydrogen, Methyl, Hydroxyl, and Peroxyl Radicals , 1994 .

[43]  H. Ischiropoulos,et al.  Peroxynitrite-mediated oxidation of dihydrorhodamine 123. , 1994, Free radical biology & medicine.

[44]  C. Loughrey,et al.  Effect of hemodialysis on total antioxidant capacity and serum antioxidants in patients with chronic renal failure. , 1995, Clinical chemistry.

[45]  J. Gutteridge,et al.  Lipid peroxidation and antioxidants as biomarkers of tissue damage. , 1995, Clinical chemistry.

[46]  Gow-Chin Yen,et al.  Antioxidant activity of various tea extracts in relation to their antimutagenicity , 1995 .

[47]  G. Bertelsen,et al.  Chromatographic isolation of antioxidants guided by a methyl linoleate assay , 1995 .

[48]  A. Bast,et al.  Flavonoids as scavengers of nitric oxide radical. , 1995, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[49]  B. Halliwell,et al.  Free radicals and antioxidants in food and in vivo: what they do and how they work. , 1995, Critical reviews in food science and nutrition.

[50]  S. von Kruedener,et al.  Gas chromatographic differentiation between myeloperoxidase activity and Fenton-type oxidants. , 1995, Free radical biology & medicine.

[51]  Masao Takeuchi,et al.  Varietal Differences in the Phenolic Content and Superoxide Radical Scavenging Potential of Wines from Different Sources , 1996 .

[52]  N. Ganguly,et al.  Plant Phenols Inhibit Superoxide Anion Radical Production by Murine Peritoneal Macrophages. , 1996 .

[53]  L. Packer,et al.  Efficacy of hypochlorous acid scavengers in the prevention of protein carbonyl formation. , 1996, Archives of biochemistry and biophysics.

[54]  J J Strain,et al.  The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of "antioxidant power": the FRAP assay. , 1996, Analytical biochemistry.

[55]  R. Prior,et al.  Antioxidant Capacity of Tea and Common Vegetables , 1996 .

[56]  R. Prior,et al.  Total Antioxidant Capacity of Fruits , 1996 .

[57]  B. Halliwell,et al.  Damage to DNA by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species: role in inflammatory disease and progression to cancer. , 1996, The Biochemical journal.

[58]  A. IJzerman,et al.  Radical scavenging properties of adenosine and derivatives in vitro , 1996 .

[59]  C. Winterbourn,et al.  Protein carbonyl measurement by a sensitive ELISA method. , 1997, Free radical biology & medicine.

[60]  I. Fridovich.  Superoxide Anion Radical (O·̄2), Superoxide Dismutases, and Related Matters* , 1997, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[61]  Prediction of pharmacological classification by means of chromatographic parameters processed by principal component analysis , 1997 .

[62]  R. Prior,et al.  Antioxidant and prooxidant behavior of flavonoids: structure-activity relationships. , 1997, Free radical biology & medicine.

[63]  A. Nappi,et al.  Hydroxyl radical formation resulting from the interaction of nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide. , 1998, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[64]  R. Prior,et al.  Comparison of different analytical methods for assessing total antioxidant capacity of human serum. , 1998, Clinical chemistry.

[65]  H. Chung,et al.  Peroxynitrite-scavenging activity of green tea tannin , 1998 .

[66]  Hai-Long Wu,et al.  An alternating trilinear decomposition algorithm with application to calibration of HPLC–DAD for simultaneous determination of overlapped chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons , 1998 .

[67]  C. Rice-Evans,et al.  Inhibition of peroxynitrite dependent tyrosine nitration by hydroxycinnamates: nitration or electron donation? , 1998, Free radical biology & medicine.

[68]  D B Kell,et al.  Variable selection in discriminant partial least-squares analysis. , 1998, Analytical chemistry.

[69]  D. Anderson,et al.  Comparative in vitro and in vivo effects of antioxidants. , 1999, Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association.

[70]  M. Heinonen,et al.  Antioxidant activity of plant extracts containing phenolic compounds. , 1999, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[71]  L. Klotz,et al.  Activation pattern of mitogen‐activated protein kinases elicited by peroxynitrite: attenuation by selenite supplementation , 1999, FEBS letters.

[72]  L. Barclay,et al.  Media Effects on Antioxidant Activities of Phenols and Catechols , 1999 .

[73]  R. Dean,et al.  Stable markers of oxidant damage to proteins and their application in the study of human disease. , 1999, Free radical biology & medicine.

[74]  R. Prior,et al.  In vivo total antioxidant capacity: comparison of different analytical methods. , 1999, Free radical biology & medicine.

[75]  H. Ukeda,et al.  Isolation and characterization of free radical scavenging activities peptides derived from casein. , 2000, The Journal of nutritional biochemistry.

[76]  R Lejeune,et al.  Chemiluminescence as diagnostic tool. A review. , 2000, Talanta.

[77]  Anne S. Meyer,et al.  The problems of using one-dimensional methods to evaluate multifunctional food and biological antioxidants , 2000 .

[78]  A. Favier,et al.  Determination of salicylate hydroxylation products as an in vivo oxidative stress marker. , 2000, Free radical biology & medicine.

[79]  T. V. van Beek,et al.  An on-line HPLC method for detection of radical scavenging compounds in complex mixtures. , 2000, Analytical chemistry.

[80]  M. Serafini,et al.  Total antioxidant capacity as a tool to assess redox status: critical view and experimental data. , 2000, Free radical biology & medicine.

[81]  S. Y. Wang,et al.  Scavenging capacity of berry crops on superoxide radicals, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals, and singlet oxygen. , 2000, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[82]  B. Halliwell,et al.  Hydrogen peroxide in the human body , 2000, FEBS letters.

[83]  M. B. Arnao,et al.  Some methodological problems in the determination of antioxidant activity using chromogen radicals : a practical case , 2000 .

[84]  A. Rizzolo,et al.  Antioxidant activity of tomato products as studied by model reactions using xanthine oxidase, myeloperoxidase, and copper-induced lipid peroxidation. , 2000, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[85]  R. Prior,et al.  Development and validation of an improved oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay using fluorescein as the fluorescent probe. , 2001, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[86]  P. Trouillas,et al.  Free radical scavenging activities measured by electron spin resonance spectroscopy and B16 cell antiproliferative behaviors of seven plants. , 2001, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[87]  E. Bourdon,et al.  The importance of proteins in defense against oxidation. , 2001, Antioxidants & redox signaling.

[88]  M. N. Álvarez,et al.  Unraveling peroxynitrite formation in biological systems. , 2001, Free radical biology & medicine.

[89]  T. V. van Beek,et al.  Evaluation and comparison of two improved techniques for the on-line detection of antioxidants in liquid chromatography eluates. , 2001, Journal of chromatography. A.

[90]  A. Cavinato,et al.  Detection of sodium chloride in cured salmon roe by SW-NIR spectroscopy. , 2001, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[91]  T. V. van Beek,et al.  Application of ABTS radical cation for selective on-line detection of radical scavengers in HPLC eluates. , 2001, Analytical Chemistry.

[92]  C. Winterbourn,et al.  Kinetics of the reactions of hypochlorous acid and amino acid chloramines with thiols, methionine, and ascorbate. , 2001, Free radical biology & medicine.

[93]  T. Mukherjee,et al.  Free radical scavenging behavior of folic acid: evidence for possible antioxidant activity. , 2001, Free radical biology & medicine.

[94]  R. Levine.  Carbonyl modified proteins in cellular regulation, aging, and disease. , 2002, Free radical biology & medicine.

[95]  E. Fernandes,et al.  Antioxidative properties of cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) infusion against superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical, and hypochlorous acid. , 2002, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[96]  M. Dizdaroglu,et al.  Free radical-induced damage to DNA: mechanisms and measurement. , 2002, Free radical biology & medicine.

[97]  Xiao-Feng Yang,et al.  Development of a novel rhodamine-type fluorescent probe to determine peroxynitrite. , 2002, Talanta.

[98]  M. Murkovic,et al.  Detection and activity evaluation of radical scavenging compounds by using DPPH free radical and on-line HPLC-DPPH methods , 2002 .

[99]  Guoyao Wu,et al.  Free radicals, antioxidants, and nutrition. , 2002, Nutrition.

[100]  T. V. van Beek,et al.  Isolation and structure elucidation of radical scavengers from Thymus vulgaris leaves. , 2002, Journal of natural products.

[101]  T. Matsuyama,et al.  Nitration and chlorination of folic acid by peroxynitrite and hypochlorous acid, and the selective binding of 10-nitro-folate to folate receptor beta. , 2002, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[102]  H. Chung,et al.  Peroxynitrite scavenging activity of herb extracts , 2002, Phytotherapy research : PTR.

[103]  M. Murkovic,et al.  On-line HPLC-DPPH screening method for evaluation of radical scavenging phenols extracted from apples (Malus domestica L.). , 2002, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[104]  Dejian Huang,et al.  Development and validation of oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay for lipophilic antioxidants using randomly methylated beta-cyclodextrin as the solubility enhancer. , 2002, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[105]  M. B. Arnao,et al.  On-line antioxidant activity determination: comparison of hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant activity using the ABTS•+ assay , 2002, Redox report : communications in free radical research.

[106]  Dejian Huang,et al.  High-throughput assay of oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) using a multichannel liquid handling system coupled with a microplate fluorescence reader in 96-well format. , 2002, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[107]  A. Bast,et al.  Efficacy of HOCl Scavenging by Sulfur- Containing Compounds: Antioxidant Activity of Glutathione Disulfide? , 2002, Biological chemistry.

[108]  Michael Antolovich,et al.  Methods for testing antioxidant activity. , 2002, The Analyst.

[109]  T. V. van Beek,et al.  Identification of radical scavengers in sweet grass (Hierochloe odorata). , 2002, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[110]  J. Morrow,et al.  Products of the isoprostane pathway: unique bioactive compounds and markers of lipid peroxidation , 2002, Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences CMLS.

[111]  C. Rice-Evans,et al.  Black Tea Represents a Major Source of Dietary Phenolics Among Regular Tea Drinkers , 2002, Free radical research.

[112]  C. Forney,et al.  Using a modified ferrous oxidation-xylenol orange (FOX) assay for detection of lipid hydroperoxides in plant tissue. , 2002, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[113]  M. Číž,et al.  Comparison of the contents of the main biochemical compounds and the antioxidant activity of some Spanish olive oils as determined by four different radical scavenging tests. , 2003, The Journal of nutritional biochemistry.

[114]  W. Koppenol,et al.  Peroxynitrite-mediated oxidation of dichlorodihydrofluorescein and dihydrorhodamine. , 2003, Free radical biology & medicine.

[115]  O. Aruoma,et al.  Methodological considerations for characterizing potential antioxidant actions of bioactive components in plant foods. , 2003, Mutation research.

[116]  L. Howard,et al.  Assays for hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant capacity (oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC(FL))) of plasma and other biological and food samples. , 2003, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[117]  E. Fernandes,et al.  Hydroxyl radical and hypochlorous acid scavenging activity of small centaury (Centaurium erythraea) infusion. A comparative study with green tea (Camellia sinensis). , 2003, Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology.

[118]  A. Siraki,et al.  Dietary flavonoid iron complexes as cytoprotective superoxide radical scavengers. , 2003, Free radical biology & medicine.

[119]  J. Morrow,et al.  The isoprostanes: unique products of arachidonic acid oxidation-a review. , 2003, Current medicinal chemistry.

[120]  L. Skibsted,et al.  Antioxidant evaluation protocols: Food quality or health effects , 2004 .

[121]  Grete Skrede,et al.  Analysis of flavonoids and other phenolic compounds using high-performance liquid chromatography with coulometric array detection: relationship to antioxidant activity. , 2004, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[122]  H. J. Dorman,et al.  An Improved On-Line HPLC-DPPH Method for the Screening of Free Radical Scavenging Compounds in Water Extracts of Lamiaceae Plants , 2003, Chemistry of Natural Compounds.

[123]  J. Viña,et al.  Are we sure we know how to measure 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine in DNA from human cells? , 2004, Archives of biochemistry and biophysics.

[124]  Bjørn-Helge Mevik,et al.  Mean squared error of prediction (MSEP) estimates for principal component regression (PCR) and partial least squares regression (PLSR) , 2004 .

[125]  Toshinori Suzuki,et al.  Epigallocatechin gallate markedly enhances formation of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine in the reaction of 2'-deoxyguanosine with hypochlorous acid. , 2004, Free radical biology & medicine.

[126]  B. Halliwell,et al.  Measuring reactive species and oxidative damage in vivo and in cell culture: how should you do it and what do the results mean? , 2004, British journal of pharmacology.

[127]  P. Venskutonis,et al.  Antioxidant activity of Potentilla fruticosa , 2004 .

[128]  Zhihong Liu,et al.  A novel method for determination of peroxynitrite based on hemoglobin catalyzed reaction , 2005 .

[129]  R. Prior,et al.  Standardized methods for the determination of antioxidant capacity and phenolics in foods and dietary supplements. , 2005, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[130]  Hua Cui,et al.  Gold nanoparticle-catalyzed luminol chemiluminescence and its analytical applications. , 2005, Analytical chemistry.

[131]  Eduarda Fernandes,et al.  Fluorescence probes used for detection of reactive oxygen species. , 2005, Journal of biochemical and biophysical methods.

[132]  R. Liu,et al.  Potential cell culture models for antioxidant research. , 2005, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[133]  K. Ingkaninan,et al.  HPLC coupled on-line to ESI-MS and a DPPH-based assay for the rapid identification of anti-oxidants in Butea superba. , 2005, Phytochemical analysis : PCA.

[134]  Dejian Huang,et al.  The chemistry behind antioxidant capacity assays. , 2005, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[135]  R. Hall,et al.  Antioxidants in raspberry: on-line analysis links antioxidant activity to a diversity of individual metabolites. , 2005, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[136]  E. Lissi,et al.  Interaction of pyrogallol red with peroxyl radicals. A basis for a simple methodology for the evaluation of antioxidant capabilities , 2005, Free radical research.

[137]  T. V. van Beek,et al.  Development of a triple hyphenated HPLC-radical scavenging detection-DAD-SPE-NMR system for the rapid identification of antioxidants in complex plant extracts. , 2005, Journal of chromatography. A.

[138]  P. Trouillas,et al.  Castanea sativa Mill. leaves as new sources of natural antioxidant: an electronic spin resonance study. , 2005, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[139]  K. C. Weber,et al.  Selection of quantum chemical descriptors by chemometric methods in the study of antioxidant activity of flavonoid compounds , 2005 .

[140]  A. Crozier,et al.  On-line high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of the antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds in green and black tea. , 2005, Molecular nutrition & food research.

[141]  K. Pantopoulos,et al.  Iron metabolism and toxicity. , 2005, Toxicology and applied pharmacology.

[142]  Graciela M. Escandar,et al.  A review of multivariate calibration methods applied to biomedical analysis , 2006 .

[143]  L. Wood,et al.  A review of the methodology for assessing in vivo antioxidant capacity , 2006 .

[144]  J. Price,et al.  Application of manual assessment of oxygen radical absorbent capacity (ORAC) for use in high throughput assay of "total" antioxidant activity of drugs and natural products. , 2006, Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods.

[145]  H. Shiratsuchi,et al.  Changes in Radical-scavenging Activity and Components of Mulberry Fruit During Maturation , 2006 .

[146]  Fereidoon Shahidi,et al.  Phenolics in cereals, fruits and vegetables: occurrence, extraction and analysis. , 2006, Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis.

[147]  Alan Crozier,et al.  On-line HPLC analysis of the antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds in brewed, paper-filtered coffee , 2006 .

[148]  M. Davies,et al.  Evidence for rapid inter- and intramolecular chlorine transfer reactions of histamine and carnosine chloramines: implications for the prevention of hypochlorous-acid-mediated damage. , 2006, Biochemistry.

[149]  Jacques Vervoort,et al.  Hyphenated chromatographic techniques for the rapid screening and identification of antioxidants in methanolic extracts of pharmaceutically used plants. , 2006, Journal of chromatography. A.

[150]  Michael Scoullos,et al.  Molecular biomarkers of oxidative stress in aquatic organisms in relation to toxic environmental pollutants. , 2006, Ecotoxicology and environmental safety.

[151]  G. Bartosz.  Use of spectroscopic probes for detection of reactive oxygen species. , 2006, Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry.

[152]  Jin‐Ming Lin,et al.  Reactive oxygen species and their chemiluminescence-detection methods , 2006 .

[153]  Y. Cha,et al.  A Quantitative Nitroblue Tetrazolium Assay for Determining Intracellular Superoxide Anion Production in Phagocytic Cells , 2006, Journal of immunoassay & immunochemistry.

[154]  P. Mullineaux,et al.  Imaging the production of singlet oxygen in vivo using a new fluorescent sensor, Singlet Oxygen Sensor Green. , 2006, Journal of experimental botany.

[155]  J. Pereira,et al.  Antioxidative properties of tronchuda cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. costata DC) external leaves against DPPH, superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical and hypochlorous acid , 2006 .

[156]  O. Kelber,et al.  Radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory properties of STW 5 (Iberogast) and its components. , 2006, Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology.

[157]  L. Wood,et al.  Methodology for the determination of biological antioxidant capacity in vitro: a review , 2006 .

[158]  J. Cadet,et al.  Synthesis of a hydrophilic and non-ionic anthracene derivative, the N,N′-di-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-9,10-anthracenedipropanamide as a chemical trap for singlet molecular oxygen detection in biological systems , 2006 .

[159]  D. Fedeli,et al.  Influence of astaxanthin, zeaxanthin and lutein on DNA damage and repair in UVA-irradiated cells. , 2006, Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology.

[160]  E. Schijlen,et al.  Pathway engineering for healthy phytochemicals leading to the production of novel flavonoids in tomato fruit. , 2006, Plant biotechnology journal.

[161]  G. Shui,et al.  Residue from star fruit as valuable source for functional food ingredients and antioxidant nutraceuticals , 2006 .

[162]  K. Fukuzawa,et al.  Measurement of phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxides in solution and in intact membranes by the ferric-xylenol orange assay. , 2006, Analytical biochemistry.

[163]  E. Lissi,et al.  A novel and simple ORAC methodology based on the interaction of Pyrogallol Red with peroxyl radicals , 2006, Free radical research.

[164]  A. Kumaran,et al.  Nitric Oxide Radical Scavenging Active Components From Phyllanthus emblica L. , 2006, Plant foods for human nutrition.

[165]  Shao-Ping Li,et al.  Identification of antioxidants in essential oil of radix Angelicae sinensis using HPLC coupled with DAD-MS and ABTS-based assay. , 2007, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[166]  A. M. García-Campaña,et al.  Trends in the analytical applications of chemiluminescence in the liquid phase , 2006, Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry.

[167]  G. Sotoudeh,et al.  Plasma Antioxidant Capacity Changes Following a Meal as a Measure of the Ability of a Food to Alter In Vivo Antioxidant Status , 2007, Journal of the American College of Nutrition.

[168]  R. Compton,et al.  The voltammetric determination of peroxynitrite at a mercury film electrode , 2007 .

[169]  Rui Hai Liu,et al.  Cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) assay for assessing antioxidants, foods, and dietary supplements. , 2007, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[170]  P. Villeneuve,et al.  Evaluation of the ability of antioxidants to counteract lipid oxidation: existing methods, new trends and challenges. , 2007, Progress in lipid research.

[171]  B. Westerink,et al.  Improving the in vivo predictability of an on-line HPLC stable free radical decoloration assay for antioxidant activity in methanol-buffer medium. , 2007, Free radical biology & medicine.

[172]  Jeremy N Skepper,et al.  Effect of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Ferumoxtran-10) on human monocyte-macrophages in vitro. , 2007, Biomaterials.

[173]  A. Siger,et al.  Influence of native antioxidants on the formation of fatty acid hydroperoxides in model systems , 2007 .

[174]  F. Shahidi,et al.  Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of whole wheat and milling fractions , 2007 .

[175]  A. Wojdyło,et al.  Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds in 32 selected herbs , 2007 .

[176]  C. Vrints,et al.  Time-dependent expression pattern of nitric oxide and superoxide after myocardial infarction in rats. , 2007, Pharmacological research.

[177]  X. Li,et al.  Scavenging effect of extracts of green tea and natural antioxidants on active oxygen radicals , 1989, Cell Biophysics.

[178]  R. Apak,et al.  Comparative evaluation of various total antioxidant capacity assays applied to phenolic compounds with the CUPRAC assay. , 2007, Molecules.

[179]  M. C. Pinto,et al.  Determination of lipoxygenase activity in plant extracts using a modified ferrous oxidation-xylenol orange assay. , 2007, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[180]  María Cristina González,et al.  Direct Electrochemical Sensing and Detection of Natural Antioxidants and Antioxidant Capacity in Vitro Systems , 2007 .

[181]  A. Stoyanova,et al.  Antioxidant activity of a ginger extract (Zingiber officinale) , 2007 .

[182]  J. Hou,et al.  A novel fluorescent method for determination of peroxynitrite using folic acid as a probe. , 2007, Talanta.

[183]  Csaba Szabó,et al.  Peroxynitrite: biochemistry, pathophysiology and development of therapeutics , 2007, Nature Reviews Drug Discovery.

[184]  P. Wardman,et al.  Fluorescent and luminescent probes for measurement of oxidative and nitrosative species in cells and tissues: progress, pitfalls, and prospects. , 2007, Free radical biology & medicine.

[185]  G. Diamantidis,et al.  Antioxidant capacity, phenol, anthocyanin and ascorbic acid contents in raspberries, blackberries, red currants, gooseberries and Cornelian cherries , 2007 .

[186]  J. Harnly,et al.  A screening method for the identification of glycosylated flavonoids and other phenolic compounds using a standard analytical approach for all plant materials. , 2007, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[187]  S. Navaratnam,et al.  Effect of antioxidant oxidation potential in the oxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAC) assay. , 2008, Food chemistry.

[188]  Yu-Tang Tung,et al.  Online RP-HPLC-DPPH screening method for detection of radical-scavenging phytochemicals from flowers of Acacia confusa. , 2008, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[189]  S. Reis,et al.  Methodological aspects about in vitro evaluation of antioxidant properties. , 2008, Analytica chimica acta.

[190]  R. Liu,et al.  Structure-activity relationships of flavonoids in the cellular antioxidant activity assay. , 2008, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[191]  J. P. Fontenot,et al.  Influence of finishing systems on hydrophilic and lipophilic oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) in beef. , 2008, Meat science.

[192]  G. Jensen,et al.  Comparison of chemical and cell-based antioxidant methods for evaluation of foods and natural products: generating multifaceted data by parallel testing using erythrocytes and polymorphonuclear cells. , 2008, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[193]  E. Lissi,et al.  Antioxidant capacity of herbal infusions and tea extracts: A comparison of ORAC-fluorescein and ORAC-pyrogallol red methodologies , 2008 .

[194]  A. Rigo,et al.  Fast and simple method for the simultaneous evaluation of the capacity and efficiency of food antioxidants in trapping peroxyl radicals in an intestinal model system. , 2008, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[195]  I. Spasojević,et al.  Spin-trapping of oxygen free radicals in chemical and biological systems: new traps, radicals and possibilities. , 2008, Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy.

[196]  K. Başkan,et al.  Combined HPLC-CUPRAC (cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity) assay of parsley, celery leaves, and nettle. , 2008, Talanta.

[197]  E. Çapanoğlu,et al.  Antioxidants, phenolic compounds, and nutritional quality of different strawberry genotypes. , 2008, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[198]  Vesna Tumbas,et al.  Assessment of polyphenolic content and in vitro antiradical characteristics of apple pomace. , 2008, Food chemistry.

[199]  Jules Beekwilder,et al.  Changes in antioxidant and metabolite profiles during production of tomato paste. , 2008, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[200]  Kyungsoon Park,et al.  Characterization and electrocatalytic properties of Prussian blue electrochemically deposited on nano-Au/PAMAM dendrimer-modified gold electrode. , 2008, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[201]  H. Girault,et al.  Generation of OH radicals at palladium oxide nanoparticle modified electrodes, and scavenging by fluorescent probes and antioxidants , 2008 .

[202]  T. V. van Beek,et al.  Antioxidant activity assays on-line with liquid chromatography. , 2008, Journal of chromatography. A.

[203]  Se-kwon Kim,et al.  Antioxidant effects of phlorotannins isolated from Ishige okamurae in free radical mediated oxidative systems. , 2008, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[204]  Samim Saner,et al.  Review of Methods to Determine Antioxidant Capacities , 2009 .

[205]  Guibin Jiang,et al.  Effects of waterborne nano-iron on medaka (Oryzias latipes): antioxidant enzymatic activity, lipid peroxidation and histopathology. , 2009, Ecotoxicology and environmental safety.

[206]  M. Mccarty,et al.  High-dose folate and dietary purines promote scavenging of peroxynitrite-derived radicals--clinical potential in inflammatory disorders. , 2009, Medical hypotheses.

[207]  T. Toyo’oka,et al.  Recent advances in separation and detection methods for thiol compounds in biological samples. , 2009, Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences.

[208]  J. Marty,et al.  An Electrochemical Method for Sensitive Determination of Antioxidant Capacity , 2009 .

[209]  T. Shibamoto,et al.  Antioxidant assays for plant and food components. , 2009, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[210]  Qin Guo,et al.  Recent Advances in Nanotechnology Applied to Biosensors , 2009, Sensors.

[211]  Xiaoqing Chen,et al.  Coupling HPLC to on-line, post-column (bio)chemical assays for high-resolution screening of bioactive compounds from complex mixtures , 2009 .

[212]  M. Davies,et al.  Quantification of protein modification by oxidants. , 2009, Free radical biology & medicine.

[213]  E. Lissi,et al.  Ascorbic acid contribution to ORAC values in berry extracts: An evaluation by the ORAC-pyrogallol red methodology , 2009 .

[214]  A. M. García-Campaña,et al.  Chemiluminescence detection coupled to capillary electrophoresis , 2009 .

[215]  Suhua Wang,et al.  Nitric oxide switches on the photoluminescence of molecularly engineered quantum dots. , 2009, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[216]  Eun Ha Lee,et al.  Bioactive Materials : Article ; Rapid Identification of Radical Scavenging Phenolic Compounds from Black Bamboo Leaves using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to an Online ABTS+-Based Assay , 2009 .

[217]  R. Wightman,et al.  Multivariate concentration determination using principal component regression with residual analysis. , 2009, Trends in analytical chemistry : TRAC.

[218]  J. Mérillon,et al.  Comparative study of antioxidant properties and total phenolic content of 30 plant extracts of industrial interest using DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, SOD, and ORAC assays. , 2009, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[219]  R. Apak,et al.  Determination of antioxidants by a novel on-line HPLC-cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) assay with post-column detection. , 2010, Analytica chimica acta.

[220]  J. Amigo,et al.  Comprehensive analysis of chromatographic data by using PARAFAC2 and principal components analysis. , 2010, Journal of chromatography. A.

[221]  Woojin Jeong,et al.  Methods for detection and measurement of hydrogen peroxide inside and outside of cells , 2010, Molecules and cells.

[222]  G. Saed,et al.  Potent antioxidative activity of lycopene: a potential role in scavenging hypochlorous acid , 2010, Free radical biology & medicine.

[223]  G. Guiochon,et al.  High performance liquid chromatography with two simultaneous on-line antioxidant assays: Evaluation and comparison of espresso coffees. , 2010, Talanta.

[224]  R. Apak,et al.  A novel hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay of phenolics and flavonoids using cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) methodology , 2010 .

[225]  P. Denev,et al.  Evaluation of antioxidant activity of medicinal plants containing polyphenol compounds. Comparison of two extraction systems. , 2010, Acta biochimica Polonica.

[226]  Robert D. Hall,et al.  The Effect of Industrial Food Processing on Potentially Health-Beneficial Tomato Antioxidants , 2010, Critical reviews in food science and nutrition.

[227]  M. Tsimidou,et al.  Contribution of flavonoids to the overall radical scavenging activity of olive (Olea europaea L.) leaf polar extracts. , 2010, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[228]  M. Manley,et al.  In vitro hepatic biotransformation of aspalathin and nothofagin, dihydrochalcones of rooibos (Aspalathus linearis), and assessment of metabolite antioxidant activity. , 2010, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[229]  A. Crozier,et al.  Identification of flavonoid and phenolic antioxidants in black currants, blueberries, raspberries, red currants, and cranberries. , 2010, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[230]  J. Pedraza-Chaverri,et al.  Hypochlorous acid scavenging activities of thioallyl compounds from garlic. , 2010, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[231]  Yu-Tang Tung,et al.  Screening, determination and quantification of major antioxidants from Balanophora laxiflora flowers , 2010 .

[232]  E. Niki.  Assessment of antioxidant capacity in vitro and in vivo. , 2010, Free radical biology & medicine.

[233]  V. Lobo,et al.  Free radicals, antioxidants and functional foods: Impact on human health , 2010, Pharmacognosy reviews.

[234]  K. Başkan,et al.  Comparison of total antioxidant capacity and phenolic composition of some apple juices with combined HPLC–CUPRAC assay , 2010 .

[235]  I. Gülçin.  Antioxidant activity of food constituents: an overview , 2012, Archives of Toxicology.

[236]  D. de Beer,et al.  Use of countercurrent chromatography during isolation of 6-hydroxyluteolin-7-O-β-glucoside, a major antioxidant of Athrixia phylicoides. , 2011, Journal of chromatography. A.

[237]  Liqin Liu,et al.  Polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant properties in mango fruits , 2011 .

[238]  S. Trivić,et al.  Antioxidant Capacity of Ocimum basilicum L. and Origanum vulgare L. Extracts , 2011, Molecules.

[239]  A. Rigo,et al.  Efficiency and capacity of antioxidant rich foods in trapping peroxyl radicals: A full evaluation of radical scavenging activity , 2011 .

[240]  M. Baptista,et al.  Singlet molecular oxygen trapping by the fluorescent probe diethyl-3,3′-(9,10-anthracenediyl)bisacrylate synthesized by the Heck reaction , 2011, Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology.

[241]  Daniel Granato,et al.  Characterization of Brazilian lager and brown ale beers based on color, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity using chemometrics. , 2011, Journal of the science of food and agriculture.

[242]  G. Piluzza,et al.  Correlations between phenolic content and antioxidant properties in twenty-four plant species of traditional ethnoveterinary use in the Mediterranean area , 2011, Pharmaceutical biology.

[243]  J. Namieśnik,et al.  Phenolic composition and antioxidant properties of Polish blue-berried honeysuckle genotypes by HPLC-DAD-MS, HPLC postcolumn derivatization with ABTS or FC, and TLC with DPPH visualization. , 2012, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[244]  Xiaonan Lu,et al.  Determination of Antioxidant Content and Antioxidant Activity in Foods using Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics: A Review , 2012, Critical reviews in food science and nutrition.

[245]  J. Coello,et al.  Multi-wavelength high-performance liquid chromatographic fingerprints and chemometrics to predict the antioxidant activity of Turnera diffusa as part of its quality control. , 2012, Journal of chromatography. A.

[246]  Identification and quantification of free radical scavengers in the flower buds of Lonicera species by online HPLC-DPPH assay coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. , 2012, Biomedical chromatography : BMC.

[247]  M. Medina,et al.  Comparative analysis of strawberry total phenolics via Fast Blue BB vs. Folin–Ciocalteu: Assay interference by ascorbic acid , 2012 .

[248]  Hong Yu,et al.  Antioxidant anthocyanins screening through spectrum–effect relationships and DPPH-HPLC-DAD analysis on nine cultivars of introduced rabbiteye blueberry in China , 2012 .

[249]  Saliha Şahin,et al.  Orthogonal signal correction‐based prediction of total antioxidant activity using partial least squares regression from chromatograms , 2012 .

[250]  V. Jakštas,et al.  Comparative evaluation of post-column free radical scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power assays for screening of antioxidants in strawberries. , 2012, Journal of chromatography. A.

[251]  Xinhua Lin,et al.  Screening and quantitative analysis of antioxidants in the fruits of Livistona chinensis R. Br using HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS coupled with pre-column DPPH assay. , 2012, Food chemistry.

[252]  D. Angelino,et al.  ORAC of chitosan and its derivatives , 2012 .

[253]  Falguni K. Sheth,et al.  Evaluation of comparative antioxidant potential of four cultivars of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. by HPLC-DPPH method , 2012 .

[254]  H. Aboul‐Enein,et al.  FTIR Spectrophotometric Methods Used for Antioxidant Activity Assay in Medicinal Plants , 2012 .

[255]  R. Apak,et al.  Resorcinol as a spectrofluorometric probe for the hypochlorous acid scavenging activity assay of biological samples. , 2012, Analytical chemistry.

[256]  R. A. Shalliker,et al.  Reaction flow chromatography for rapid post column derivatisations: the analysis of antioxidants in natural products. , 2013, Journal of chromatography. A.

[257]  F. Hadacek,et al.  Versatile Redox Chemistry Complicates Antioxidant Capacity Assessment: Flavonoids as Milieu-Dependent Antiand Pro-Oxidants , 2013, International journal of molecular sciences.

[258]  E. Lissi,et al.  Antioxidant capacity of phenolic compounds in acidic medium: A pyrogallol red-based ORAC (oxygen radical absorbance capacity) assay , 2013 .

[259]  I. Ferreira,et al.  A review on antioxidants, prooxidants and related controversy: natural and synthetic compounds, screening and analysis methodologies and future perspectives. , 2013, Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association.

[260]  Joanna Ronowicz,et al.  Chemometric analysis of antioxidant properties of herbal products containing Ginkgo biloba extract , 2013, Central European Journal of Biology.

[261]  E. Çapanoğlu,et al.  Changes in sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) antioxidants during nectar processing and in vitro gastrointestinal digestion , 2013 .

[262]  Gemma A. Figtree,et al.  Biological markers of oxidative stress: Applications to cardiovascular research and practice☆ , 2013, Redox biology.

[263]  R. Apak,et al.  Correlation of total antioxidant capacity with reactive oxygen species (ROS) consumption measured by oxidative conversion. , 2013, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[264]  Longshan Zhao,et al.  Evaluation of antioxidant activity of ten compounds in different tea samples by means of an on-line HPLC–DPPH assay , 2013 .

[265]  T. Rades,et al.  Application of an online post‐column derivatization HPLC‐DPPH assay to detect compounds responsible for antioxidant activity in Sonchus oleraceus L. leaf extracts , 2013, The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology.

[266]  A. Denicola,et al.  Evaluating the antioxidant capacity of natural products: a review on chemical and cellular-based assays. , 2013, Analytica chimica acta.

[267]  K. Başkan,et al.  Comparison of antioxidant capacity and phenolic composition of peel and flesh of some apple varieties. , 2013, Journal of the science of food and agriculture.

[268]  C. Ong,et al.  Assaying Myeloperoxidase Inhibitors and Hypochlorous Acid Scavengers in HL60 Cell Line Using Quantum Dots , 2013 .

[269]  M. N. Alam,et al.  Review on in vivo and in vitro methods evaluation of antioxidant activity. , 2013, Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society.

[270]  Qiang Li,et al.  Fluorescence and HPLC Detection of Hydroxyl Radical by a Rhodamine-Nitroxide Probe and its Application in Cell Imaging , 2014, Journal of Fluorescence.

[271]  Xican Li.  Solvent effects and improvements in the deoxyribose degradation assay for hydroxyl radical-scavenging. , 2013, Food chemistry.

[272]  Eliseu Rodrigues,et al.  Carotenoids and phenolic compounds from Solanum sessiliflorum, an unexploited Amazonian fruit, and their scavenging capacities against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. , 2013, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[273]  C. Long,et al.  Antioxidant and metabolite profiling of North American and neotropical blueberries using LC-TOF-MS and multivariate analyses. , 2013, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[274]  J. Rayappan,et al.  A novel nano-interfaced superoxide biosensor , 2013 .

[275]  Rafael Radi,et al.  Peroxynitrite, a Stealthy Biological Oxidant* , 2013, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[276]  R. Apak,et al.  Antioxidant and prooxidant effects of α-tocopherol in a linoleic acid-copper(II)-ascorbate system , 2013 .

[277]  Daniel Granato,et al.  Chemical Composition, Sensory Properties, Provenance, and Bioactivity of Fruit Juices as Assessed by Chemometrics: A Critical Review and Guideline. , 2014, Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety.

[278]  C. Sârbu,et al.  Comprehensive evaluation of antioxidant activity: a chemometric approach using principal component analysis. , 2014, Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy.

[279]  R. Apak,et al.  4-Aminothiophenol functionalized gold nanoparticle-based colorimetric sensor for the determination of nitramine energetic materials. , 2014, Analytical chemistry.

[280]  Changxing Jiang,et al.  Optimization for ultrasound-assisted extraction of polysaccharides with antioxidant activity in vitro from the aerial root of Ficus microcarpa. , 2014, Carbohydrate polymers.

[281]  R. Apak,et al.  Development of a fluorescent probe for measurement of peroxyl radical scavenging activity in biological samples. , 2014, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[282]  J. Rayappan,et al.  Electrochemical enzymeless detection of superoxide employing naringin-copper decorated electrodes. , 2014, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[283]  O. Dangles,et al.  Antioxidant properties of 3-deoxyanthocyanidins and polyphenolic extracts from Côte d'Ivoire's red and white sorghums assessed by ORAC and in vitro LDL oxidisability tests. , 2014, Food chemistry.

[284]  I. Wawer,et al.  ¹H and ¹³C NMR-based sugar profiling with chemometric analysis and antioxidant activity of herbhoneys and honeys. , 2014, Journal of the science of food and agriculture.

[285]  E. Çapanoğlu,et al.  Identification and anti-oxidant capacity determination of phenolics and their glycosides in elderflower by on-line HPLC-CUPRAC method. , 2014, Phytochemical analysis : PCA.

[286]  Rafael Radi,et al.  Kinetic and mechanistic considerations to assess the biological fate of peroxynitrite. , 2014, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[287]  C. Nerín,et al.  The additive properties of Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) assay: the case of essential oils. , 2014, Food chemistry.

[288]  Yi-Zeng Liang,et al.  Evaluation and prediction of the antioxidant activity of Epimedium from multi-wavelength chromatographic fingerprints and chemometrics , 2014 .

[289]  K. Aizawa,et al.  Development of singlet oxygen absorption capacity (SOAC) assay method. 4. Measurements of the SOAC values for vegetable and fruit extracts , 2015, Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry.

[290]  K. Nakagawa,et al.  Kinetic study of the quenching reaction of singlet oxygen by seven rice bran extracts in ethanol solution. Development of a singlet oxygen absorption capacity (SOAC) assay method , 2015, Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry.

[291]  Daniel Cozzolino,et al.  The role of visible and infrared spectroscopy combined with chemometrics to measure phenolic compounds in grape and wine samples. , 2015, Molecules.

[292]  Hong Wang,et al.  An on-line high-performance liquid chromatography-diode-array detector-electrospray ionization-ion-trap-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry-total antioxidant capacity detection system applying two antioxidant methods for activity evaluation of the edible flowers from Prunus mume. , 2015, Journal of chromatography. A.

[293]  P. Soysa,et al.  Optimized enzymatic colorimetric assay for determination of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging activity of plant extracts , 2015, MethodsX.

[294]  Dean P. Jones,et al.  Biomarkers of oxidative stress study VI. Endogenous plasma antioxidants fail as useful biomarkers of endotoxin-induced oxidative stress. , 2015, Free radical biology & medicine.

[295]  G. Ros,et al.  Assessment of the antioxidant properties of tomato extracts: A synergistic approach using in vitro chemical tests and cell-based assays , 2015 .

[296]  R. Amorati,et al.  Advantages and limitations of common testing methods for antioxidants , 2015, Free radical research.