Laser-Arc Hybrid Welding of Dissimilar Titanium Alloy and Stainless Steel Using Copper Wire

Laser-arc hybrid welding with Cu3Si filler wire was employed to join dissimilar Ti6Al4V titanium alloy and AISI316 stainless steel (316SS). The effects of welding parameters on bead shape, microstructure, mechanical properties, and fracture behavior were investigated in detail. The results show that cross-weld tensile strength of the joints is up to 212 MPa. In the joint, obvious nonuniformity of the microstructure is found in the fusion zone (FZ) and at the interfaces from the top to the bottom, which could be improved by increasing heat input. For the homogeneous joint, the FZ is characterized by Fe67−xSixTi33 dendrites spreading on α-Cu matrix, and the two interfaces of 316SS/FZ and FZ/Ti6Al4V are characterized by a bamboo-like 316SS layer and a CuTi2 layer, respectively. All the tensile samples fractured in the hardest CuTi2 layer at Ti6Al4V side of the joints. The fracture surface is characterized by river pattern revealing brittle cleavage fracture. The bead formation mechanisms were discussed according to the melt flow and the thermodynamic calculation.

[1]  A. K. Bhaduri,et al.  Joining of titanium to 304L stainless steel by friction welding , 2009 .

[2]  Z. M. Wang,et al.  Characterisation of laser welded dissimilar Ti/steel joint using Mg interlayer , 2012 .

[3]  Caiwang Tan,et al.  Influence of Zn Coating on Interfacial Reactions and Mechanical Properties During Laser Welding-Brazing of Mg to Steel , 2012, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A.

[4]  Jingmin Dai,et al.  Improving interfacial reaction nonhomogeneity during laser welding–brazing aluminum to titanium , 2011 .

[5]  Hai-Lung Tsai,et al.  Modeling of transport phenomena in hybrid laser-MIG keyhole welding , 2008 .

[6]  M. Palm,et al.  On the reaction scheme and liquidus surface in the ternary system Fe–Si–Ti , 2008 .

[7]  Ming Gao,et al.  Process and joint characterizations of laser–MIG hybrid welding of AZ31 magnesium alloy , 2012 .

[8]  A. Miedema,et al.  Cohesion in alloys — fundamentals of a semi-empirical model , 1980 .

[9]  Guoqing Chen,et al.  Electron beam welding of Ti-15-3 titanium alloy to 304 stainless steel with copper interlayer sheet , 2010 .

[10]  B. Mishra,et al.  Influence of interface microstructure on the strength of the transition joint between Ti-6Al-4V and stainless steel , 2005 .

[11]  V. Raghavan.  Fe-Si-Ti (Iron-Silicon-Titanium) , 2009 .

[12]  Aaas News,et al.  Book Reviews , 1893, Buffalo Medical and Surgical Journal.

[13]  Anupam Vivek,et al.  Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Laser Penetration Welding Joint With/Without Ni-Foil in an Overlap Steel-on-Aluminum Configuration , 2014, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A.

[14]  G. Song,et al.  Interfacial structure of the joints between magnesium alloy and mild steel with nickel as interlayer by hybrid laser-TIG welding , 2010 .

[15]  S. Chatterjee,et al.  Characterization of diffusion bonded joint between titanium and 304 stainless steel using a Ni interlayer , 2008 .

[16]  Margaret Nichols.  Trans , 2015, De-centering queer theory.

[17]  Xiaoyan Zeng,et al.  Microstructure and Tensile Behavior of Laser Arc Hybrid Welded Dissimilar Al and Ti Alloys , 2014, Materials.

[18]  V. Raghavan.  Cu-Fe-Ti (Copper-Iron-Titanium) , 2002 .

[19]  Alan Dinsdale,et al.  MTDATA - thermodynamic and phase equilibrium software from the National Physical Laboratory , 2002 .

[20]  S. Kashani-Bozorg,et al.  Joining of CP-Ti to 304 stainless steel using friction stir welding technique , 2010 .

[21]  M. Gao,et al.  Interface properties and thermodynamic analysis of laser–arc hybrid welded Al/steel joint , 2013 .

[22]  Flemming Ove Olsen,et al.  Review of laser hybrid welding , 2005 .

[23]  W. Tillmann,et al.  Solid state diffusion bonding of titanium to steel using a copper base alloy as interlayer , 2009 .

[24]  X. Yue,et al.  Hot pressing diffusion bonding of a titanium alloy to a stainless steel with an aluminum alloy interlayer , 2008 .

[25]  Nizamettin Kahraman,et al.  Diffusion bonding of commercially pure titanium to low carbon steel using a silver interlayer , 2008 .

[26]  Van Loo,et al.  Phase equilibria in the Cu-Fe-Ti system at 1123 K , 1995 .

[27]  G. G. Stokes.  "J." , 1890, The New Yale Book of Quotations.

[28]  A. Refaey,et al.  Characterization of Titanium/Steel Joints Brazed in Vacuum , 2008 .

[29]  Ming Gao,et al.  Laser Keyhole Welding of Dissimilar Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Alloy to AZ31B Magnesium Alloy , 2011, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A.

[30]  K. Bhanumurthy,et al.  Diffusion bonding of commercially pure titanium to 304 stainless steel using copper interlayer , 2005 .

[31]  Liming Liu,et al.  The analysis of laser weld bonding of Al alloy to Mg alloy , 2007 .