Dynamic control of electromagnetic wave propagation with the equivalent principle inspired tunable metasurface

Transmission and reflection are two fundamental properties of the electromagnetic wave propagation through obstacles. Full control of both the magnitude and phase of the transmission and reflection independently are important issue for free manipulation of electromagnetic wave propagation. Here we employed the equivalent principle, one fundamental theorem of electromagnetics, to analyze the required surface electric and magnetic impedances of a passive metasurface to produce either arbitrary transmission magnitude and phase or arbitrary reflection magnitude and phase. Based on the analysis, a tunable metasurface is proposed. It is shown that the transmission phase can be tuned by 360° with the unity transmissivity or the transmissivity can be tuned from 0 to 1 while the transmission phase is kept around 0°. The reflection magnitude and phase can also been tuned similarly with the proposed metasurface. The proposed design may have many potential applications, such as the dynamic EM beam forming and scanning.

[1]  Andrea Alù,et al.  Performing Mathematical Operations with Metamaterials , 2014, Science.

[2]  David R. Smith,et al.  An Overview of the Theory and Applications of Metasurfaces: The Two-Dimensional Equivalents of Metamaterials , 2012, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine.

[3]  K. Sarabandi,et al.  Tuning Performance of Metamaterial-Based Frequency Selective Surfaces , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[4]  Kan Yao,et al.  Generalized laws of reflection and refraction from transformation optics , 2012, 1202.5829.

[5]  D. Pozar.  Flat lens antenna concept using aperture coupled microstrip patches , 1996 .

[6]  D. Sievenpiper,et al.  High-impedance electromagnetic surfaces with a forbidden frequency band , 1999 .

[7]  R. Harrington.  Time-Harmonic Electromagnetic Fields , 1961 .

[8]  Ben A. Munk,et al.  Frequency Selective Surfaces: Theory and Design , 2000 .

[9]  Federico Capasso,et al.  Ultra-thin perfect absorber employing a tunable phase change material , 2012 .

[10]  N. Yu,et al.  Light Propagation with Phase Discontinuities: Generalized Laws of Reflection and Refraction , 2011, Science.

[11]  Hyok J. Song,et al.  Two-dimensional beam steering using an electrically tunable impedance surface , 2003 .

[12]  C. Pfeiffer,et al.  Metamaterial Huygens' surfaces: tailoring wave fronts with reflectionless sheets. , 2013, Physical review letters.

[13]  Daniel Malacara,et al.  Handbook of optical design , 1994 .

[14]  Fan Yang,et al.  Transmission Phase Limit of Multilayer Frequency-Selective Surfaces for Transmitarray Designs , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[15]  K. Sarabandi,et al.  A Frequency Selective Surface With Miniaturized Elements , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[16]  J. Perruisseau-Carrier,et al.  Tunable graphene reflective cells for THz reflectarrays and generalized law of reflection , 2012, 1212.3158.

[17]  Shulin Sun,et al.  Gradient-index meta-surfaces as a bridge linking propagating waves and surface waves. , 2012, Nature materials.

[18]  Willie J Padilla,et al.  Perfect metamaterial absorber. , 2008, Physical review letters.

[19]  Bo O. Zhu,et al.  Active impedance metasurface with full 360° reflection phase tuning , 2013, Scientific Reports.

[20]  M. R. Chaharmir,et al.  A Wideband Transmitarray Using Dual-Resonant Double Square Rings , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[21]  D. McGrath.  Planar three-dimensional constrained lenses , 1986 .

[22]  R. Jakoby,et al.  Beam Steering Transmitarray Using Tunable Frequency Selective Surface With Integrated Ferroelectric Varactors , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[23]  Bo O. Zhu,et al.  Switchable metamaterial reflector/absorber for different polarized electromagnetic waves , 2010, 1010.4377.

[24]  D. Pozar,et al.  Design of millimeter wave microstrip reflectarrays , 1997 .

[25]  A. Alú,et al.  Full control of nanoscale optical transmission with a composite metascreen. , 2013, Physical review letters.

[26]  A. Kildishev,et al.  Broadband Light Bending with Plasmonic Nanoantennas , 2012, Science.

[27]  Sean Victor Hum,et al.  A Planar Reconfigurable Aperture With Lens and Reflectarray Modes of Operation , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[28]  J Y Lau,et al.  Analysis and Characterization of a Multipole Reconfigurable Transmitarray Element , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[29]  R. J. Bell,et al.  Generalized Laws of Refraction and Reflection , 1969 .

[30]  Pablo Padilla,et al.  Electronically Reconfigurable Transmitarray at Ku Band for Microwave Applications , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.