Combining bio-inspired meta-heuristics and novelty search for community detection over evolving graph streams

Finding communities of interrelated nodes is a learning task that often holds in problems that can be modeled as a graph. In any case, detecting an optimal partition in a graph is highly time-consuming and complex. For this reason, the implementation of search-based metaheuristics arises as an alternative for addressing these problems. This manuscript focuses on optimally partitioning dynamic network instances, in which the connections between vertices change dynamically along time. Specifically, the application of Novelty Search mechanism for solving the problem of finding communities in dynamic networks is studied in this paper. For this goal, this procedure has been embedded in the search process undertaken by three different bio-inspired meta-heuristic schemes: Bat Algorithm, Firefly Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization. All these methods have been properly adapted for dealing with this discrete and dynamic problem, using a reformulated expression of the modularity coefficient as its fitness function. A thorough experimentation has been conducted using a benchmark composed by 12 synthetically created instances, with the main objective of analyzing the performance of the proposed Novelty Search mechanism when facing this problem. In light of the outperforming behavior of our approach and its relevance dictated by two different statistical tests, we conclude that Novelty Search is a promising procedure for finding communities in evolving graph data.

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