Low-Mass Dwarf Template Spectra from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey

We present template spectra of low-mass (M0-L0) dwarfs derived from over 4000 Sloan Digital Sky Survey spectra. These composite spectra are suitable for use as medium-resolution (R ∼ 1800) radial velocity standards. We report mean spectral properties (molecular band-head strengths, equivalent widths) and use the templates to investigate the effects of magnetic activity and metallicity on the spectroscopic and photometric properties of low-mass stars.

[1]  J. Bochanski,et al.  Using the Galactic Dynamics of M7 Dwarfs to Infer the Evolution of Their Magnetic Activity , 2006, astro-ph/0609001.

[2]  S. Hawley,et al.  Radiative Hydrodynamic Models of Optical and Ultraviolet Emission from M Dwarf Flares , 2006, astro-ph/0603195.

[3]  James Liebert,et al.  A Catalog of Spectroscopically Selected Close Binary Systems from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release Four , 2006 .

[4]  Walter A. Siegmund,et al.  # 2006. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A. THE 2.5 m TELESCOPE OF THE SLOAN DIGITAL SKY SURVEY , 2005 .

[5]  G. Marcy,et al.  Ca ii H and K Chromospheric Emission Lines in Late‐K and M Dwarfs , 2006, astro-ph/0602293.

[6]  Pennsylvania State University,et al.  Seventy-One New L and T Dwarfs from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey , 2006, astro-ph/0601089.

[7]  G. Wallerstein,et al.  Calibrating M Dwarf Metallicities Using Molecular Indices , 2005, astro-ph/0510148.

[8]  J. Bochanski,et al.  Spectroscopic Survey of M Dwarfs within 100 Parsecs of the Sun , 2005 .

[9]  S. Hawley,et al.  Updated Colors for Cool Stars in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey , 2005 .

[10]  J. Walsh,et al.  Stars in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field , 2004, astro-ph/0412097.

[11]  Andrew A. West,et al.  The χ Factor: Determining the Strength of Activity in Low‐Mass Dwarfs , 2004, astro-ph/0410422.

[12]  A. Szalay,et al.  SDSS data management and photometric quality assessment , 2004, astro-ph/0410195.

[13]  J. Brinkmann,et al.  Spectroscopic Properties of Cool Stars in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: An Analysis of Magnetic Activity and a Search for Subdwarfs , 2004, astro-ph/0403486.

[14]  Ž. Ivezić,et al.  A Second Stellar Color Locus: a Bridge from White Dwarfs to M stars , 2004, astro-ph/0403218.

[15]  et al,et al.  Near-Infrared Photometry and Spectroscopy of L and T Dwarfs: The Effects of Temperature, Clouds, and Gravity , 2004, astro-ph/0402451.

[16]  W. Cochran,et al.  Searching for Planets in the Hyades. IV. Differential Abundance Analysis of Hyades Dwarfs , 2003 .

[17]  Bhasker K. Moorthy,et al.  The First Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey , 2003, astro-ph/0305492.

[18]  Andrew A. West,et al.  A First Look at White Dwarf-M Dwarf Pairs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey , 2003, astro-ph/0302405.

[19]  Ž. Ivezić,et al.  Astrometric Calibration of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey , 2002, astro-ph/0211375.

[20]  M. Audard,et al.  X-Ray Evidence for Flare Density Variations and Continual Chromospheric Evaporation in Proxima Centauri , 2002, astro-ph/0210190.

[21]  R. Rich,et al.  Spectroscopy of New High Proper Motion Stars in the Northern Sky. I. New Nearby Stars, New High-Velocity Stars, and an Enhanced Classification Scheme for M Dwarfs , 2002, astro-ph/0209284.

[22]  V. Narayanan,et al.  Spectroscopic Target Selection in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: The Main Galaxy Sample , 2002, astro-ph/0206225.

[23]  Johns Hopkins University,et al.  Characterization of M, L, and T Dwarfs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey , 2002, astro-ph/0204065.

[24]  S. Hawley,et al.  The Palomar/MSU Nearby Star Spectroscopic Survey. III. Chromospheric Activity, M Dwarf Ages, and the Local Star Formation History , 2002, astro-ph/0203499.

[25]  M. SubbaRao,et al.  Spectroscopic Target Selection in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: The Quasar Sample , 2002, astro-ph/0202251.

[26]  V. Narayanan,et al.  Spectroscopic Target Selection for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: The Luminous Red Galaxy Sample , 2001, astro-ph/0108153.

[27]  J. Gunn,et al.  A Photometricity and Extinction Monitor at the Apache Point Observatory , 2001, astro-ph/0106511.

[28]  B. Santiago,et al.  Constraints on thick disc and halo parameters from HST photometry of field stars in the Galaxy , 2001, astro-ph/0102494.

[29]  I. Reid,et al.  Low-mass spectroscopic binaries in the Hyades: a candidate brown dwarf companion , 2000, astro-ph/0007235.

[30]  Walter A. Siegmund,et al.  The Sloan Digital Sky Survey: Technical Summary , 2000, astro-ph/0006396.

[31]  Uomoto,et al.  The Missing Link: Early Methane (“T”) Dwarfs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey , 2000, The Astrophysical journal.

[32]  Caltech,et al.  New Neighbors from 2MASS: Activity and Kinematics at the Bottom of the Main Sequence , 2000, astro-ph/0004361.

[33]  Uomoto,et al.  The Discovery of a Second Field Methane Brown Dwarf from Sloan Digital Sky Survey Commissioning Data , 2000, The Astrophysical journal.

[34]  M. Pinsonneault,et al.  Rotational Velocities of Low-Mass Stars in the Pleiades and Hyades , 1999, astro-ph/9911507.

[35]  A. Szalay,et al.  L Dwarfs Found in Sloan Digital Sky Survey Commissioning Imaging Data , 1999, astro-ph/9909263.

[36]  David G. Monet,et al.  Dwarfs Cooler than “M”: The Definition of Spectral Type “L” Using Discoveries from the 2-Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS) , 1999 .

[37]  et al,et al.  The Discovery of a Field Methane Dwarf from Sloan Digital Sky Survey Commissioning Data , 1999, astro-ph/9905391.

[38]  S. Hawley,et al.  Low-Mass Stars in Open Clusters. I. NGC 2516 and NGC 3680 , 1999 .

[39]  Walter A. Siegmund,et al.  The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Photometric Camera , 1998, astro-ph/9809085.

[40]  R. Hook,et al.  Drizzle: A Method for the Linear Reconstruction of Undersampled Images , 1998, astro-ph/9808087.

[41]  F. Allard,et al.  The NextGen Model Atmosphere Grid for 3000 ≤ Teff ≤ 10,000 K , 1998, astro-ph/9807286.

[42]  P. Hauschildt,et al.  MODEL ATMOSPHERES OF VERY LOW MASS STARS AND BROWN DWARFS , 1997 .

[43]  P. Bodenheimer,et al.  The End of the Main Sequence , 1997 .

[44]  M. Pinsonneault,et al.  Rotational Velocities and Chromospheric Activity of M Dwarfs in the Hyades , 1997 .

[45]  D. Hogg,et al.  FAINT M-DWARFS AND THE STRUCTURE OF THE GALACTIC DISK , 1997, astro-ph/9701193.

[46]  S. Hawley,et al.  The Palomar/MSU Nearby Star Spectroscopic Survey.II.The Southern M Dwarfs and Investigation of Magnetic Activity , 1996 .

[47]  J. Gizis.  M-subdwarfs: spectroscopic classification and the metallicity scale , 1996, astro-ph/9611222.

[48]  M. Fukugita,et al.  The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Photometric System , 1996 .

[49]  G. Naletto,et al.  Spectral resolution improvement technique for a spectrograph mounting a discrete array detector , 1995 .

[50]  Suzanne L. Hawley,et al.  The Palomar/MSU Nearby-Star Spectroscopic Survey. I. The Northern M Dwarfs -Bandstrengths and Kinematics , 1995 .

[51]  S. Hawley,et al.  Chromospheric and coronal activity in low-mass Hyades dwarfs , 1995 .

[52]  M. Giampapa,et al.  Radial velocities of very low mass stars and candidate brown dwarf members of the Hyades and Pleiades , 1994 .

[53]  A. Burrows,et al.  An expanded set of brown dwarf and very low mass star models , 1993 .

[54]  Todd J. Henry,et al.  A Standard Stellar Spectral Sequence in the Red/Near-Infrared: Classes K5 to M9 , 1991 .

[55]  S. Hawley,et al.  The Great Flare of 1985 April 12 on AD Leonis , 1991 .

[56]  J. Gunn,et al.  A new convergent point and distance modulus for the Hyades from radial velocities , 1988 .

[57]  J. Gunn,et al.  A radial-velocity survey of the Hyades , 1988 .

[58]  J. Gunn,et al.  Precise radial velocities of late-type stars in the open clusters M 11 and M 67. , 1986 .

[59]  J. Tonry,et al.  A survey of galaxy redshifts. I. Data reduction techniques. , 1979 .

[60]  F. Hartwick.  Studies of late-type dwarfs. II. A photometric metal abundance index and application to galactic evolution. , 1977 .

[61]  T. Moffett,et al.  High time-resolution observations of UV Ceti stars. , 1976 .

[62]  John E. Davis,et al.  Sloan Digital Sky Survey: Early Data Release , 2002 .

[63]  I. Reid,et al.  in New Light on Dark Stars , 2000 .

[64]  Suzanne L. Hawley,et al.  New light on dark stars : red dwarfs, low-mass stars, brown dwarfs , 2000 .

[65]  E. Martín.  Utrecht Echelle spectroscopy of a flare in VB 8 , 1999 .

[66]  C. Tinney.  The Bottom of the Main Sequence — And Beyond , 1995 .

[67]  J. Liebert,et al.  The Pop. II Lower Main Sequence: Some Properties and a Luminosity Function Determination , 1995 .