Absolute signs of nonlinear optical coefficients of polar crystals

Abstract The absolute signs of the second harmonic generation coefficients have been determined for several polar (pyroelectric) crystals; namely, LiNbO 3 , LiTaO 3 , LiGaO 2 , BaTiO 3 , ZnO and CdS. With the + z direction defined as the outward drawn normal from the z -cut face that develops a negative charge under a uniaxial compressive stress along the polar axis, all the d 33 's are negative except that for CdS. The other coefficients found to be positive are; d 31 in ZnO, d 32 in LiGaO 2 and d 22 in LiNbO 3 and LiTaO 3 .

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