Antigen delivery systems for veterinary vaccine development

Abstract The recent advances in molecular genetics, pathogenesis and immunology have provided an optimal framework for developing novel approaches in the rational design of vaccines effective against viral epizootic diseases. This paper reviews most of the viral-vector based antigen delivery systems (ADSs) recently developed for vaccine testing in veterinary species, including attenuated virus and DNA and RNA viral vectors. Besides their usefulness in vaccinology, these ADSs constitute invaluable tools to researchers for understanding the nature of protective responses in different species, opening the possibility of modulating or potentiating relevant immune mechanisms involved in protection.

[1]  Y. Suezer,et al.  Vaccination with recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara expressing bovine respiratory syncytial virus (bRSV) proteins protects calves against RSV challenge. , 2007, Vaccine.

[2]  R. Webster,et al.  Protection of chickens from lethal influenza infection by vaccinia-expressed hemagglutinin. , 1988, Virology.

[3]  K. Karaca,et al.  Recombinant fowlpox viruses coexpressing chicken type I IFN and Newcastle disease virus HN and F genes: influence of IFN on protective efficacy and humoral responses of chickens following in ovo or post-hatch administration of recombinant viruses. , 1998, Vaccine.

[4]  Su-juan Chen,et al.  Generation of an attenuated H5N1 avian influenza virus vaccine with all eight genes from avian viruses. , 2007, Vaccine.

[5]  T. Müller,et al.  Immunogenicity of an E1-deleted recombinant human adenovirus against rabies by different routes of administration. , 2001, The Journal of general virology.

[6]  B. Coupar,et al.  A prime-boost vaccination strategy using naked DNA followed by recombinant porcine adenovirus protects pigs from classical swine fever. , 2001, Veterinary microbiology.

[7]  Y. Nagai,et al.  Accommodation of foreign genes into the Sendai virus genome: sizes of inserted genes and viral replication , 1999, FEBS letters.

[8]  K. Karaca,et al.  Recombinant canarypox virus vaccine co-expressing genes encoding the VP2 and VP5 outer capsid proteins of bluetongue virus induces high level protection in sheep. , 2007, Vaccine.

[9]  A. Cullinane,et al.  Effective priming of foals born to immune dams against influenza by a canarypox-vectored recombinant influenza H3N8 vaccine. , 2007, Journal of comparative pathology.

[10]  Varpu Marjomäki,et al.  Enhanced gene delivery by avidin-displaying baculovirus. , 2004, Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy.

[11]  E. Paoletti,et al.  Efficacy studies on a canarypox-rabies recombinant virus. , 1991, Vaccine.

[12]  E. Paoletti,et al.  Vaccination of pigs against pseudorabies with highly attenuated vaccinia (NYVAC) recombinant viruses. , 1993, Veterinary microbiology.

[13]  S. Cavirani,et al.  Establishment of a Bovine Herpesvirus 4 based vector expressing a secreted form of the Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus structural glycoprotein E2 for immunization purposes , 2007, BMC biotechnology.

[14]  R. DiMarchi,et al.  Modified-live infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus vaccine expressing monomer and dimer forms of foot-and-mouth disease capsid protein epitopes on surface of hybrid virus particles , 2005, Archives of Virology.

[15]  S. Little,et al.  Bovine herpesvirus-1 (infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus)-based viral vector which expresses foot-and-mouth disease epitopes. , 1991, Vaccine.

[16]  K. Airenne,et al.  Post-transcriptional regulatory element boosts baculovirus-mediated gene expression in vertebrate cells. , 2007, Journal of biotechnology.

[17]  R. Pomerantz,et al.  Recombinant rhabdoviruses as potential vaccines for HIV-1 and other diseases. , 2003, Current HIV research.

[18]  S. Pleschka,et al.  Negative-strand RNA viruses: genetic engineering and applications. , 1996, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[19]  T. Banks,et al.  DNA Immunization against Herpes Simplex Virus: Enhanced Efficacy Using a Sindbis Virus-Based Vector , 1998, Journal of Virology.

[20]  Xuefeng Wei,et al.  Expression of the Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus VP1 protein using a replication-competent recombinant canine adenovirus type 2 elicits a humoral antibody response in a porcine model. , 2006, Viral immunology.

[21]  A. Facciabene,et al.  Baculovirus Vectors Elicit Antigen-Specific Immune Responses in Mice , 2004, Journal of Virology.

[22]  E. Paoletti,et al.  A highly attenuated host range-restricted vaccinia virus strain, NYVAC, encoding the prM, E, and NS1 genes of Japanese encephalitis virus prevents JEV viremia in swine. , 1992, Virology.

[23]  H. Wamwayi,et al.  Trial of a capripoxvirus-rinderpest recombinant vaccine in African cattle , 1997, Epidemiology and Infection.

[24]  Ralph S. Baric,et al.  Strategy for Systematic Assembly of Large RNA and DNA Genomes: Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus Model , 2000, Journal of Virology.

[25]  C. Dehio,et al.  Parapoxviruses: potential alternative vectors for directing the immune response in permissive and non-permissive hosts. , 1999, Journal of biotechnology.

[26]  T. Barrett,et al.  Matrix protein and glycoproteins F and H of Peste-des-petits-ruminants virus function better as a homologous complex. , 2006, The Journal of general virology.

[27]  Shinji Makino,et al.  Rescue of Infectious Rift Valley Fever Virus Entirely from cDNA, Analysis of Virus Lacking the NSs Gene, and Expression of a Foreign Gene , 2006, Journal of Virology.

[28]  Y. Kawaguchi,et al.  Development of an Effective Polyvalent Vaccine against both Marek's and Newcastle Diseases Based on Recombinant Marek's Disease Virus Type 1 in Commercial Chickens with Maternal Antibodies , 2000, Journal of Virology.

[29]  I. Tarpey,et al.  Vaccination of cats with an attenuated recombinant myxoma virus expressing feline calicivirus capsid protein. , 2002, Vaccine.

[30]  L. Fischer,et al.  Vaccination of puppies born to immune dams with a canine adenovirus-based vaccine protects against a canine distemper virus challenge. , 2002, Vaccine.

[31]  A. Saalmüller,et al.  Poxvirus-Induced Immunostimulating Effects on Porcine Leukocytes , 2000, Journal of Virology.

[32]  T. Dubensky,et al.  Enhancement of tumor-specific immune response with plasmid DNA replicon vectors. , 2000, Cancer research.

[33]  J. Maniloff,et al.  Virus taxonomy : eighth report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses , 2005 .

[34]  K. Conzelmann,et al.  Rescue of synthetic genomic RNA analogs of rabies virus by plasmid-encoded proteins , 1994, Journal of virology.

[35]  J. Tartaglia,et al.  Efficacy of a canarypox virus-vectored vaccine against feline leukaemia , 2003, Veterinary Record.

[36]  R. Baric,et al.  Systematic Assembly of a Full-Length Infectious cDNA of Mouse Hepatitis Virus Strain A59 , 2002, Journal of Virology.

[37]  M. Sadelain,et al.  Lentivirus-transduced human monocyte-derived dendritic cells efficiently stimulate antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. , 2001, Blood.

[38]  J. Leong,et al.  Transduction of cultured fish cells with recombinant baculoviruses. , 2003, The Journal of general virology.

[39]  Xuehui Cai,et al.  Protective immunity induced by a recombinant pseudorabies virus expressing the GP5 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in piglets. , 2005, Veterinary immunology and immunopathology.

[40]  N. Tanimura,et al.  Protection of chickens against very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) and Marek's disease virus (MDV) with a recombinant MDV expressing IBDV VP2. , 1999, Virology.

[41]  E. Paoletti,et al.  Biological and immunogenic properties of a canarypox-rabies recombinant, ALVAC-RG (vCP65) in non-avian species. , 1995, Vaccine.

[42]  M. Lai,et al.  The Molecular Biology of Coronaviruses , 1997, Advances in Virus Research.

[43]  K. Conzelmann,et al.  Infectious rabies viruses from cloned cDNA. , 1994, The EMBO journal.

[44]  L. Stitz,et al.  Novel Recombinant Parapoxvirus Vectors Induce Protective Humoral and Cellular Immunity against Lethal Herpesvirus Challenge Infection in Mice , 2003, Journal of Virology.

[45]  C. Hofmann,et al.  Recombinant ovine atadenovirus induces a strong and sustained T cell response against the hepatitis C virus NS3 antigen in mice. , 2004, Vaccine.

[46]  P. Rohrlich,et al.  Use of a lentiviral vector encoding a HCMV-chimeric IE1-pp65 protein for epitope identification in HLA-Transgenic mice and for ex vivo stimulation and expansion of CD8(+) cytotoxic T cells from human peripheral blood cells. , 2004, Human immunology.

[47]  P. Colarusso,et al.  The role of capsid-endothelial interactions in the innate immune response to adenovirus vectors. , 2003, Human Gene Therapy.

[48]  C. Scallan,et al.  Oral adenoviral-based vaccines: historical perspective and future opportunity , 2008, Expert review of vaccines.

[49]  E. Buescher,et al.  Control of respiratory disease in recruits with types 4 and 7 adenovirus vaccines. , 1971, American journal of epidemiology.

[50]  P. Blanchard,et al.  Effective protection of pigs against lethal Pseudorabies virus infection after a single injection of low-dose Sindbis-derived plasmids encoding PrV gB, gC and gD glycoproteins. , 2005, Vaccine.

[51]  T. Kündig,et al.  Lentiviral Transduction of Dendritic Cells Confers Protective Antiviral Immunity In Vivo , 2004, Journal of Virology.

[52]  R. Elliott,et al.  Rescue of a segmented negative-strand RNA virus entirely from cloned complementary DNAs. , 1996, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[53]  Y. Matsuura,et al.  Baculovirus Induces an Innate Immune Response and Confers Protection from Lethal Influenza Virus Infection in Mice1 , 2003, The Journal of Immunology.

[54]  H. Heine,et al.  Recombinant fowlpox virus vaccines against Australian virulent Marek's disease virus: gene sequence analysis and comparison of vaccine efficacy in specific pathogen free and production chickens. , 1997, Virus research.

[55]  Huanchun Chen,et al.  Construction of recombinant pseudorabies virus expressing NS1 protein of Japanese encephalitis (SA14-14-2) virus and its safety and immunogenicity. , 2004, Vaccine.

[56]  J. Sur,et al.  Mutation of E1 glycoprotein of classical swine fever virus affects viral virulence in swine. , 2005, Virology.

[57]  M. Rivière,et al.  Herpesvirus of turkey recombinant viruses expressing infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) VP2 immunogen induce protection against an IBDV virulent challenge in chickens. , 1995, Virology.

[58]  S. Cleaveland,et al.  Canine vaccination--providing broader benefits for disease control. , 2006, Veterinary microbiology.

[59]  Hualan Chen,et al.  Newcastle Disease Virus-Based Live Attenuated Vaccine Completely Protects Chickens and Mice from Lethal Challenge of Homologous and Heterologous H5N1 Avian Influenza Viruses , 2006, Journal of Virology.

[60]  Henryk Mach,et al.  Replication-incompetent adenoviral vaccine vector elicits effective anti-immunodeficiency-virus immunity , 2002, Nature.

[61]  J. Zhong,et al.  A surface-modified baculovirus vector with improved gene delivery to B-lymphocytic cells. , 2007, Journal of biotechnology.

[62]  L. Šver,et al.  Effect of Baypamun treatment on Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV) transmission in pigs , 2004 .

[63]  T. Barrett,et al.  The Plowright vaccine strain of Rinderpest virus has attenuating mutations in most genes. , 2005, The Journal of general virology.

[64]  T. Barrett,et al.  Goat Immune Response to Capripox Vaccine Expressing the Hemagglutinin Protein of Peste des Petits Ruminants , 2002, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[65]  B. Moss,et al.  Nonreplicating vaccinia vector efficiently expresses recombinant genes. , 1992, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[66]  J. Mcghee,et al.  The mucosal immune system: from fundamental concepts to vaccine development. , 1992, Vaccine.

[67]  M. Beer,et al.  Chimeric pestiviruses: candidates for live-attenuated classical swine fever marker vaccines. , 2007, The Journal of general virology.

[68]  S. Finke,et al.  Highly stable expression of a foreign gene from rabies virus vectors. , 1996, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[69]  K. Conzelmann,et al.  Molecular cloning and complete nucleotide sequence of the attenuated rabies virus SAD B19. , 1990, Virology.

[70]  E. Albina,et al.  Recombinant capripoxviruses expressing proteins of bluetongue virus: evaluation of immune responses and protection in small ruminants. , 2007, Vaccine.

[71]  M. Maćkowiak,et al.  Protection of dogs against canine distemper by vaccination with a canarypox virus recombinant expressing canine distemper virus fusion and hemagglutinin glycoproteins. , 1997, American journal of veterinary research.

[72]  S. Cavirani,et al.  Recombinant Bovine Herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) Expressing Glycoprotein D of BoHV-1 Is Immunogenic and Elicits Serum-Neutralizing Antibodies against BoHV-1 in a Rabbit Model , 2006, Clinical and Vaccine Immunology.

[73]  B. Brochier,et al.  Elimination of fox rabies from Belgium using a recombinant vaccinia-rabies vaccine: an update. , 1995, Veterinary microbiology.

[74]  H. A. Wood,et al.  Baculovirus expression systems and biopesticides. , 1994 .

[75]  B. Ludewig,et al.  Selective Replication of Coronavirus Genomes That Express Nucleocapsid Protein , 2005, Journal of Virology.

[76]  L. Enjuanes,et al.  Recovery of a Neurovirulent Human Coronavirus OC43 from an Infectious cDNA Clone , 2006, Journal of Virology.

[77]  A. Fooks,et al.  Experimental immunization of cats with a recombinant rabies-canine adenovirus vaccine elicits a long-lasting neutralizing antibody response against rabies. , 2007, Vaccine.

[78]  G. Kobinger,et al.  Efficacy of severe acute respiratory syndrome vaccine based on a nonhuman primate adenovirus in the presence of immunity against human adenovirus. , 2006, Human gene therapy.

[79]  J. Sánchez-Vizcaíno,et al.  Safety evaluation of a recombinant myxoma-RHDV virus inducing horizontal transmissible protection against myxomatosis and rabbit haemorrhagic disease , 2000, Vaccine.

[80]  T. Barrett,et al.  Expression in cattle of epitopes of a heterologous virus using a recombinant rinderpest virus. , 1999, The Journal of general virology.

[81]  L. Babiuk,et al.  Adenoviruses as vectors for delivering vaccines to mucosal surfaces , 2000, Journal of Biotechnology.

[82]  H. Rziha,et al.  Prime-boost immunization using DNA vaccine and recombinant Orf virus protects pigs against Pseudorabies virus (Herpes suid 1). , 2006, Vaccine.

[83]  Yu-Chen Hu Baculovirus as a highly efficient expression vector in insect and mammalian cells , 2005, Acta Pharmacologica Sinica.

[84]  P. Becher,et al.  Expression of bovine viral diarrhoea virus glycoprotein E2 by bovine herpesvirus-1 from a synthetic ORF and incorporation of E2 into recombinant virions. , 1999, The Journal of general virology.

[85]  R. Kitching,et al.  Single capripoxvirus recombinant vaccine for the protection of cattle against rinderpest and lumpy skin disease. , 1993, Vaccine.

[86]  T. Mikami,et al.  Efficient expression of the envelope protein of feline immunodeficiency virus in a recombinant feline herpesvirus type 1 (FHV-1) using the gC promoter of FHV-1. , 2000, Virus research.

[87]  H. Heine,et al.  Infectious bursal disease virus structural protein VP 2 expressed by a fowlpox virus recombinant confers protection against disease in chickens , 2005, Archives of Virology.

[88]  M. Perkus,et al.  NYVAC: a highly attenuated strain of vaccinia virus. , 1992, Virology.

[89]  B. Delmas,et al.  Avian adenovirus CELO recombinants expressing VP2 of infectious bursal disease virus induce protection against bursal disease in chickens. , 2004, Vaccine.

[90]  C. Oker-Blom,et al.  Specific binding of baculoviruses displaying gp64 fusion proteins to mammalian cells. , 2001, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[91]  N. Yanagida,et al.  Recombinant fowlpox viruses inducing protective immunity against Newcastle disease and fowlpox viruses. , 1990, Vaccine.

[92]  M. Williamson,et al.  Oral and sub-cutaneous vaccination of commercial pigs with a recombinant porcine adenovirus expressing the classical swine fever virus gp55 gene , 2001, Archives of Virology.

[93]  C. Greer,et al.  Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Gag-specific vaginal immunity and protection after local immunizations with sindbis virus-based replicon particles. , 2001, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[94]  G. Viljoen,et al.  Protective immune responses induced by different recombinant vaccine regimes to Rift Valley fever. , 2006, Vaccine.

[95]  K. Ellem,et al.  Development of disabled, replication-defective gene transfer vectors from the Jembrana disease virus, a new infectious agent of cattle. , 2001, Veterinary microbiology.

[96]  K. Karaca,et al.  Evaluation of the efficacy provided by a Recombinant Canarypox-Vectored Equine West Nile Virus vaccine against an experimental West Nile Virus intrathecal challenge in horses. , 2006, Veterinary therapeutics : research in applied veterinary medicine.

[97]  G. H. Gerdes Rift Valley fever. , 2004, Revue scientifique et technique.

[98]  M. Roth,et al.  Helper-Dependent Adenoviral Vectors Efficiently Express Transgenes in Human Dendritic Cells but Still Stimulate Antiviral Immune Responses1 , 2002, The Journal of Immunology.

[99]  D. Swayne,et al.  Failure of a recombinant fowl poxvirus vaccine containing an avian influenza hemagglutinin gene to provide consistent protection against influenza in chickens preimmunized with a fowl pox vaccine. , 2000, Avian diseases.

[100]  Lingshu Wang,et al.  Expression of the Genomic Form of the Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus E2 ORF in a Bovine Herpesvirus-1 Vector , 2003, Virus Genes.

[101]  N. Millar,et al.  A recombinant fowlpox virus expressing the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase gene of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) protects chickens against challenge by NDV. , 1990, Virology.

[102]  G. Both Ovine atadenovirus: a review of its biology, biosafety profile and application as a gene delivery vector , 2004, Immunology and cell biology.

[103]  M. Ward,et al.  Nucleotide sequence and vaccinia expression of the nucleoprotein of a highly virulent, neurotropic strain of Newcastle disease virus. , 2000, Avian diseases.

[104]  D. Wallace,et al.  Lumpy skin disease in southern Africa: a review of the disease and aspects of control. , 2001, Journal of the South African Veterinary Association.

[105]  M. Whitt,et al.  The minimal conserved transcription stop-start signal promotes stable expression of a foreign gene in vesicular stomatitis virus , 1996, Journal of virology.

[106]  J. V. van Oirschot Diva vaccines that reduce virus transmission. , 1999, Journal of biotechnology.

[107]  E. Wherry,et al.  Adenoviral vectors persist in vivo and maintain activated CD8+ T cells: implications for their use as vaccines. , 2007, Blood.

[108]  N. Templeton,et al.  Oral immunization of rhesus macaques with adenoviral HIV vaccines using enteric-coated capsules. , 2007, Vaccine.

[109]  Xinwen Chen,et al.  Transduction of avian cells with recombinant baculovirus. , 2006, Journal of virological methods.

[110]  Hassan Mohammad Naif,et al.  Protection of sheep against bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection by vaccination with recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing BLV envelope glycoproteins: correlation of protection with CD4 T-cell response to gp51 peptide 51-70 , 1993, Journal of virology.

[111]  S. Alonso,et al.  Engineering the Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus Genome as an Expression Vector Inducing Lactogenic Immunity , 2003, Journal of Virology.

[112]  M. Bublot,et al.  Use of a vectored vaccine against infectious bursal disease of chickens in the face of high-titred maternally derived antibody. , 2007, Journal of comparative pathology.

[113]  R. Kitching,et al.  Recombinant capripoxvirus expressing the hemagglutinin protein gene of rinderpest virus: protection of cattle against rinderpest and lumpy skin disease viruses. , 1994, Virology.

[114]  J. Coetzer,et al.  Infectious diseases of livestock , 2004 .

[115]  B. Coupar,et al.  Antibody responses and protective immunity to recombinant vaccinia virus-expressed bluetongue virus antigens. , 1997, Veterinary immunology and immunopathology.

[116]  L. A. Ball,et al.  Phenotypic Consequences of Rearranging the P, M, and G Genes of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus , 1999, Journal of Virology.

[117]  R. Kitching,et al.  Protection of cattle against rinderpest and lumpy skin disease with a recombinant capripoxvirus expressing the fusion protein gene of rinderpest virus , 1994, Veterinary Record.

[118]  T. Barrett,et al.  Protection against turkey rhinotracheitis pneumovirus (TRTV) induced by a fowlpox virus recombinant expressing the TRTV fusion glycoprotein (F). , 1994, Vaccine.

[119]  W. Plowright,et al.  Studies with rinderpest virus in tissue culture , 1962, Archiv für die gesamte Virusforschung.

[120]  P. Liljeström,et al.  Enhancing immune responses using suicidal DNA vaccines , 1998, Nature Biotechnology.

[121]  E. Paoletti,et al.  Efficacy of a recombinant fowl pox-based Newcastle disease virus vaccine candidate against velogenic and respiratory challenge. , 1996, Avian diseases.

[122]  P. Boulanger,et al.  Adenovirus Hexon Protein Is a Potent Adjuvant for Activation of a Cellular Immune Response , 2002, Journal of Virology.

[123]  M. Rudolph,et al.  Incorporation of decay-accelerating factor into the baculovirus envelope generates complement-resistant gene transfer vectors , 2001, Nature Biotechnology.

[124]  I. Hötzel,et al.  Immune response to caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus surface protein induced by coimmunization with recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing the caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus envelope gene and caprine interleukin-12. , 2000, Vaccine.

[125]  E. Paoletti,et al.  Fowlpox virus as a vector in non-avian species. , 1988, Vaccine.

[126]  Michael A. Johnson,et al.  Porcine adenovirus as a delivery system for swine vaccines and immunotherapeutics , 2003, The Veterinary Journal.

[127]  T. Barrett,et al.  Development of a Dual Recombinant Vaccine To Protect Small Ruminants against Peste-des-Petits-Ruminants Virus and Capripoxvirus Infections , 2003, Journal of Virology.

[128]  E. Nagy,et al.  Construction and characterization of recombinant porcine adenovirus serotype 5 expressing the transmissible gastroenteritis virus spike gene. , 2001, The Journal of general virology.

[129]  H. Wamwayi,et al.  Long-Term Sterilizing Immunity to Rinderpest in Cattle Vaccinated with a Recombinant Vaccinia Virus Expressing High Levels of the Fusion and Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins , 2002, Journal of Virology.

[130]  M. Summers,et al.  Production of human beta interferon in insect cells infected with a baculovirus expression vector , 1983, Molecular and cellular biology.

[131]  D. Swayne,et al.  Efficacy of a Fowlpox-Vectored Avian Influenza H5 Vaccine Against Asian H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Challenge , 2007, Avian diseases.

[132]  R. Kitching,et al.  A single vaccine for the control of capripox infection in sheep and goats. , 1987, Research in veterinary science.

[133]  M. Johnson,et al.  Vaccination with a single dose of a recombinant porcine adenovirus expressing the classical swine fever virus gp55 (E2) gene protects pigs against classical swine fever. , 2000, Vaccine.

[134]  A. Takada,et al.  Induction of antibodies in mice by a recombinant baculovirus expressing pseudorabies virus glycoprotein B in mammalian cells. , 1999, Veterinary microbiology.

[135]  Yohannes Berhane,et al.  Recombinant Nipah Virus Vaccines Protect Pigs against Challenge , 2006, Journal of Virology.

[136]  K. Karaca,et al.  Recombinant canarypoxvirus vaccine carrying the prM/E genes of West Nile virus protects horses against a West Nile virus-mosquito challenge. , 2004, Archives of virology. Supplementum.

[137]  K. Fujisaki,et al.  Recombinant feline herpesvirus type 1 expressing Toxoplasma gondii ROP2 antigen inducible protective immunity in cats , 2002, Parasitology Research.

[138]  T. Barrett,et al.  Rescue of a chimeric rinderpest virus with the nucleocapsid protein derived from peste-des-petits-ruminants virus: use as a marker vaccine , 2007, The Journal of general virology.

[139]  Smithburn Kc Rift Valley fever; the neurotropic adaptation of the virus and the experimental use of this modified virus as a vaccine. , 1949, British journal of experimental pathology.

[140]  M. Beer,et al.  Evaluation of the vaccine potential of an equine herpesvirus type 1 vector expressing bovine viral diarrhea virus structural proteins. , 2007, The Journal of general virology.

[141]  Z. Lu,et al.  Removal of a N-linked glycosylation site of classical swine fever virus strain Brescia Erns glycoprotein affects virulence in swine. , 2008, Virology.

[142]  A. Davis,et al.  Immunogenicity and efficacy testing in chimpanzees of an oral hepatitis B vaccine based on live recombinant adenovirus. , 1989, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[143]  Javier Ortego,et al.  Generation of a Replication-Competent, Propagation-Deficient Virus Vector Based on the Transmissible Gastroenteritis Coronavirus Genome , 2002, Journal of Virology.

[144]  S. Hensley,et al.  Dendritic Cell Maturation, but Not CD8+ T Cell Induction, Is Dependent on Type I IFN Signaling during Vaccination with Adenovirus Vectors1 , 2005, The Journal of Immunology.

[145]  C. Kweon,et al.  Bovine herpes virus expressing envelope protein (E2) of bovine viral diarrhea virus as a vaccine candidate. , 1999, The Journal of veterinary medical science.

[146]  H. Wamwayi,et al.  Long term immunity in African cattle vaccinated with a recombinant capripox-rinderpest virus vaccine , 2002, Epidemiology and Infection.

[147]  G. Maelandsmo,et al.  Helper-Dependent Adenovirus Vectors Elicit Intact Innate but Attenuated Adaptive Host Immune Responses In Vivo , 2004, Journal of Virology.

[148]  M. Büttner,et al.  Efficient priming against classical swine fever with a safe glycoprotein E2 expressing Orf virus recombinant (ORFV VrV-E2). , 2007, Vaccine.

[149]  P. Masters Reverse Genetics of The Largest RNA Viruses , 1999, Advances in Virus Research.

[150]  D. Muruve,et al.  The innate immune response to adenovirus vectors. , 2004, Human gene therapy.

[151]  S. Mittal,et al.  Bovine adenoviral vector-based H5N1 influenza vaccine overcomes exceptionally high levels of pre-existing immunity against human adenovirus. , 2008, Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy.

[152]  C. McInnes,et al.  Immunity and counter-immunity during infection with the parapoxvirus orf virus. , 2002, Virus research.

[153]  P. Mason,et al.  Early protection against homologous challenge after a single dose of replication-defective human adenovirus type 5 expressing capsid proteins of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) strain A24. , 2002, Vaccine.

[154]  H. Ertl Immunological insights from genetic vaccines. , 2005, Virus research.

[155]  D. Swayne,et al.  Efficacy of recombinant fowl poxvirus vaccine in protecting chickens against a highly pathogenic Mexican-origin H5N2 avian influenza virus. , 1997, Avian diseases.

[156]  C. Carrillo,et al.  Identification of a novel virulence determinant within the E2 structural glycoprotein of classical swine fever virus. , 2006, Virology.

[157]  R. Jackson,et al.  Myxoma virus as a vaccine vector for rabbits: antibody levels to influenza virus haemagglutinin presented by a recombinant myxoma virus. , 1995, Vaccine.

[158]  L. Babiuk,et al.  Novel viral vaccines for livestock. , 1996, Veterinary immunology and immunopathology.

[159]  H. Vordermeier,et al.  Cellular immune responses induced in cattle by heterologous prime–boost vaccination using recombinant viruses and bacille Calmette–Guérin , 2004, Immunology.

[160]  J. Sánchez-Vizcaíno,et al.  First field trial of a transmissible recombinant vaccine against myxomatosis and rabbit hemorrhagic disease. , 2001, Vaccine.

[161]  P. Guigal,et al.  Use of DNA and recombinant canarypox viral (ALVAC) vectors for equine herpes virus vaccination. , 2006, Veterinary immunology and immunopathology.

[162]  C. Czerny,et al.  Interferon induction in peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes of man and farm animals by poxvirus vector candidates and some poxvirus constructs. , 1995, Veterinary immunology and immunopathology.

[163]  G. Barber,et al.  Generation of Hepatitis C Virus-Like Particles by Use of a Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Vector , 2002, Journal of Virology.

[164]  P. Disterer,et al.  Multigene RNA Vector Based on Coronavirus Transcription , 2003, Journal of Virology.

[165]  C. Czerkinsky,et al.  Mucosal immunity: implications for vaccine development. , 1992, Immunobiology.

[166]  M. Schnell,et al.  A single immunization with a recombinant canine adenovirus expressing the rabies virus G protein confers protective immunity against rabies in mice. , 2006, Virology.

[167]  R. Moyer,et al.  Evaluation of swinepox virus as a vaccine vector in pigs using an Aujeszky's disease (pseudorabies) virus gene insert coding for glycoproteins gp50 and gp63 , 1994, Veterinary Record.

[168]  S. Jesuthasan,et al.  Baculovirus-Mediated Gene Expression in Zebrafish , 2003, Marine Biotechnology.

[169]  A. Maraqa,et al.  Protective immunity against Newcastle disease: the role of cell-mediated immunity. , 2000, Avian diseases.

[170]  D. Rock,et al.  Mutations in the carboxyl terminal region of E2 glycoprotein of classical swine fever virus are responsible for viral attenuation in swine. , 2007, Virology.

[171]  J. M. González,et al.  Engineering the largest RNA virus genome as an infectious bacterial artificial chromosome. , 2000, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[172]  R. Johnston,et al.  Alphavirus replicon particles expressing the two major envelope proteins of equine arteritis virus induce high level protection against challenge with virulent virus in vaccinated horses. , 2002, Vaccine.

[173]  P. Mellor,et al.  Expression of the major core structural protein (VP7) of bluetongue virus, by a recombinant capripox virus, provides partial protection of sheep against a virulent heterotypic bluetongue virus challenge. , 1996, Virology.

[174]  G. Herrler,et al.  Expression of the surface glycoprotein E2 of Bovine viral diarrhea virus by recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus. , 2007, The Journal of general virology.

[175]  J. Bramson,et al.  The magnitude of the CD8+ T cell response produced by recombinant virus vectors is a function of both the antigen and the vector. , 2007, Cellular immunology.

[176]  S. Xiao,et al.  Generation and immunogenicity of a recombinant pseudorabies virus expressing cap protein of porcine circovirus type 2. , 2007, Veterinary microbiology.

[177]  R. Lathe,et al.  Oral vaccination of the fox against rabies using a live recombinant vaccinia virus , 1986, Nature.

[178]  D. Vaughn,et al.  Role of U.S. military research programs in the development of U.S.-licensed vaccines for naturally occurring infectious diseases. , 2007, Vaccine.

[179]  C. Mebus,et al.  Protection of cattle against rinderpest with vaccinia virus recombinants expressing the HA or F gene. , 1988, Science.

[180]  S. McWilliam,et al.  Vaccinia virus-expressed bovine ephemeral fever virus G but not G(NS) glycoprotein induces neutralizing antibodies and protects against experimental infection. , 1996, The Journal of general virology.

[181]  J. Mascola,et al.  Replication-Defective Adenovirus Serotype 5 Vectors Elicit Durable Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses in Nonhuman Primates , 2005, Journal of Virology.

[182]  D. Watkins,et al.  Attenuation of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVmac239 Infection by Prophylactic Immunization with DNA and Recombinant Adenoviral Vaccine Vectors Expressing Gag , 2005, Journal of Virology.

[183]  G. Tian,et al.  Protection of chickens against highly lethal H5N1 and H7N1 avian influenza viruses with a recombinant fowlpox virus co-expressing H5 haemagglutinin and N1 neuraminidase genes , 2003, Avian pathology : journal of the W.V.P.A.

[184]  K. Lundstrom Alphavirus Vectors: Applications for DNA Vaccine Production and Gene Expression , 2001, Intervirology.

[185]  J. Furze,et al.  Recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing the F, G or N, but not the M2, protein of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) induce resistance to BRSV challenge in the calf and protect against the development of pneumonic lesions. , 1997, The Journal of general virology.

[186]  B. Barnard Rift Valley fever vaccine--antibody and immune response in cattle to a live and an inactivated vaccine. , 1979, Journal of the South African Veterinary Association.

[187]  R. Schreiber,et al.  Baculovirus Stimulates Antiviral Effects in Mammalian Cells , 1999, Journal of Virology.

[188]  D. R. Thomsen,et al.  The use of feline herpesvirus and baculovirus as vaccine vectors for the gag and env genes of feline leukaemia virus. , 1992, The Journal of general virology.

[189]  F. Weber,et al.  Efficient cDNA-Based Rescue of La Crosse Bunyaviruses Expressing or Lacking the Nonstructural Protein NSs , 2005, Journal of Virology.

[190]  C. Cammà,et al.  Differentiation between field and vaccine strain of bluetongue virus serotype 16. , 2006, Veterinary microbiology.

[191]  R. Johnston,et al.  Role of Dendritic Cell Targeting in Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Pathogenesis , 2000, Journal of Virology.

[192]  M. Mayo A summary of taxonomic changes recently approved by ICTV , 2002, Archives of Virology.

[193]  G. Taylor,et al.  The Class II Membrane Glycoprotein G of Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Expressed from a Synthetic Open Reading Frame, Is Incorporated into Virions of Recombinant Bovine Herpesvirus 1 , 1998, Journal of Virology.

[194]  G. Neumann,et al.  A decade after the generation of a negative-sense RNA virus from cloned cDNA - what have we learned? , 2002, The Journal of general virology.

[195]  M. Perkus,et al.  Recombinant vaccinia virus: immunization against multiple pathogens. , 1986, Science.

[196]  M. Mayo,et al.  Virus Taxonomy , 1995, Archives of Virology Supplement 10.

[197]  F. Tangy,et al.  Recombinant vector derived from live attenuated measles virus: potential for flavivirus vaccines. , 2008, Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases.

[198]  M. Löchelt,et al.  Application of Chimeric Feline Foamy Virus-Based Retroviral Vectors for the Induction of Antiviral Immunity in Cats , 2003, Journal of Virology.

[199]  G. Koch,et al.  Generation of a recombinant chimeric Newcastle disease virus vaccine that allows serological differentiation between vaccinated and infected animals. , 2001, Vaccine.

[200]  N. Tanimura,et al.  Complete, Long-Lasting Protection against Lethal Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Challenge by a Single Vaccination with an Avian Herpesvirus Vector Expressing VP2 Antigens , 2002, Journal of Virology.

[201]  T. Mettenleiter,et al.  Protection of chickens from lethal avian influenza A virus infection by live-virus vaccination with infectious laryngotracheitis virus recombinants expressing the hemagglutinin (H5) gene. , 2001, Vaccine.

[202]  P. Liljeström,et al.  Vaccination with Recombinant Alphavirus or Immune-Stimulating Complex Antigen Against Respiratory Syncytial Virus1 , 2002, The Journal of Immunology.

[203]  L. Šver,et al.  Leukocyte subsets and specific antibodies in pigs vaccinated with a classical swine fever subunit (E2) vaccine and the attenuated ORF virus strain D1701. , 2004, Acta veterinaria Hungarica.

[204]  L. Enjuanes,et al.  Absence of E protein arrests transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus maturation in the secretory pathway , 2007, Virology.

[205]  Thomas A Kost,et al.  Implementation of BacMam virus gene delivery technology in a drug discovery setting. , 2007, Drug discovery today.

[206]  S. Xiao,et al.  Construction and immunogenicity of pseudotype baculovirus expressing GP5 and M protein of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. , 2007, Vaccine.

[207]  Hildegund C.J. Ertl,et al.  Adenoviruses as vaccine vectors , 2004, Molecular Therapy.

[208]  G. Neumann,et al.  Genetic engineering of influenza and other negative-strand RNA viruses containing segmented genomes. , 1999, Advances in virus research.

[209]  Yuwei Gao,et al.  Complete protection of cats against feline panleukopenia virus challenge by a recombinant canine adenovirus type 2 expressing VP2 from FPV. , 2008, Vaccine.

[210]  A. García-Sastre,et al.  Engineered viral vaccine constructs with dual specificity: avian influenza and Newcastle disease. , 2006, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[211]  U. Buchholz,et al.  Chimeric Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus with Attachment and Fusion Glycoproteins Replaced by Bovine Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase and Fusion Proteins , 2001, Journal of Virology.

[212]  C. Carrillo,et al.  N-Linked Glycosylation Status of Classical Swine Fever Virus Strain Brescia E2 Glycoprotein Influences Virulence in Swine , 2006, Journal of Virology.

[213]  P. Schlag,et al.  Efficient gene transfer into human hepatocytes by baculovirus vectors. , 1995, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[214]  J. Leibowitz,et al.  In vitro assembled, recombinant infectious bronchitis viruses demonstrate that the 5a open reading frame is not essential for replication , 2004, Virology.

[215]  D. Suarez,et al.  Development and Use of Fowlpox Vectored Vaccines for Avian Influenza , 2006, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[216]  L. Babiuk,et al.  Mucosal immunization of calves with recombinant bovine adenovirus-3: induction of protective immunity to bovine herpesvirus-1. , 1999, The Journal of general virology.

[217]  S. Kit Genetically engineered vaccines for control of Aujeszky's disease (pseudorabies). , 1990, Vaccine.

[218]  M. Baca-Estrada,et al.  Induction of immune responses in newborn lambs following enteric immunization with a human adenovirus vaccine vector. , 2000, Vaccine.

[219]  Y. Matsuura,et al.  Ligand-Directed Gene Targeting to Mammalian Cells by Pseudotype Baculoviruses , 2005, Journal of Virology.

[220]  K. Xin,et al.  Oral administration of the adenovirus vector induces systemic immunity rather than intestinal mucosal immunity. , 2006, Vaccine.

[221]  S. Alonso,et al.  Coronavirus Reverse Genetics and Development of Vectors for Gene Expression , 2005, Current topics in microbiology and immunology.

[222]  P. Alves,et al.  Use of adenoviral vectors as veterinary vaccines , 2005, Gene Therapy.

[223]  Ralph S. Baric,et al.  Reverse genetics with a full-length infectious cDNA of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus , 2003, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[224]  S. Tuve,et al.  Baculovirus-based vaccination vectors allow for efficient induction of immune responses against plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein. , 2007, Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy.

[225]  H. Thiel,et al.  Structural proteins of hog cholera virus expressed by vaccinia virus: further characterization and induction of protective immunity , 1991, Journal of virology.

[226]  A. Burny,et al.  Construction of a pigeonpox virus recombinant: expression of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) fusion glycoprotein and protection of chickens against NDV challenge , 2005, Archives of Virology.

[227]  Y. Kawaguchi,et al.  Recombinant feline herpesvirus type 1 expressing immunogenic proteins inducible virus neutralizing antibody against feline calicivirus in cats. , 1996, Vaccine.

[228]  X. Ren,et al.  Assembly of pseudorabies virus genome-based transfer vehicle carrying major antigen sites of S gene of transmissible gastroenteritis virus: Potential perspective for developing live vector vaccines , 2006, Biologicals.

[229]  Z. Xiang,et al.  A chimpanzee-origin adenovirus vector expressing the rabies virus glycoprotein as an oral vaccine against inhalation infection with rabies virus. , 2006, Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy.

[230]  T. Monath,et al.  ChimeriVax-West Nile Virus Live-Attenuated Vaccine: Preclinical Evaluation of Safety, Immunogenicity, and Efficacy , 2004, Journal of Virology.

[231]  Stuart G. Siddell,et al.  Viral Replicase Gene Products Suffice for Coronavirus Discontinuous Transcription , 2001, Journal of Virology.

[232]  E. Paoletti,et al.  Construction of poxviruses as cloning vectors: insertion of the thymidine kinase gene from herpes simplex virus into the DNA of infectious vaccinia virus. , 1982, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[233]  T. Kimman,et al.  Biologically safe, non-transmissible pseudorabies virus vector vaccine protects pigs against both Aujeszky's disease and classical swine fever. , 1997, The Journal of general virology.

[234]  B. Moss,et al.  Construction and characterization of a triple-recombinant vaccinia virus encoding B7-1, interleukin 12, and a model tumor antigen. , 1998, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[235]  J. Teifke,et al.  Deletion of the non-essential UL0 gene of infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) virus leads to attenuation in chickens, and UL0 mutants expressing influenza virus haemagglutinin (H7) protect against ILT and fowl plague. , 2003, The Journal of general virology.

[236]  S. Whelan,et al.  Efficient recovery of infectious vesicular stomatitis virus entirely from cDNA clones. , 1995, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[237]  M. Strauss,et al.  Baculovirus-mediated gene transfer in the presence of human serum or blood facilitated by inhibition of the complement system , 1998, Gene Therapy.

[238]  A. Fooks,et al.  Prevention of rabies virus infection in dogs by a recombinant canine adenovirus type-2 encoding the rabies virus glycoprotein. , 2006, Microbes and infection.

[239]  S. Wyld,et al.  Resistance to bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) induced in calves by a recombinant bovine herpesvirus-1 expressing the attachment glycoprotein of BRSV. , 1998, The Journal of general virology.

[240]  F. Frigeri,et al.  Further investigations on the efficacy of a non-specific defence inducer evaluated in calves exposed to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus. , 1998, Comparative Immunology, Microbiology & Infectious Diseases.

[241]  H. Nagasawa,et al.  Immunization of dogs with a canine herpesvirus vector expressing Neospora caninum surface protein, NcSRS2. , 2000, International journal for parasitology.

[242]  R. Baric,et al.  Heterologous Gene Expression from Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus Replicon Particles , 2002, Journal of Virology.

[243]  P. Collins,et al.  Recovery of infectious respiratory syncytial virus expressing an additional, foreign gene , 1996, Journal of virology.

[244]  N. Osterrieder,et al.  Live-attenuated recombinant equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) induces a neutralizing antibody response against West Nile virus (WNV). , 2007, Virus research.

[245]  P. Schlag,et al.  Gene transfer into hepatocytes and human liver tissue by baculovirus vectors. , 1996, Human gene therapy.

[246]  H. Ertl,et al.  Intramuscular rather than oral administration of replication-defective adenoviral vaccine vector induces specific CD8+ T cell responses in the gut. , 2007, Vaccine.

[247]  R. Zinkernagel,et al.  Vaccination with two different vaccinia recombinant viruses: long-term inhibition of secondary vaccination. , 1993, Vaccine.

[248]  Masayoshi Onishi,et al.  In Vitro and In Vivo Gene Delivery by Recombinant Baculoviruses , 2003, Journal of Virology.

[249]  A. Fooks,et al.  A recombinant pseudorabies virus expressing rabies virus glycoprotein: safety and immunogenicity in dogs. , 2008, Vaccine.

[250]  Thomas A Kost,et al.  Recombinant baculoviruses as mammalian cell gene-delivery vectors. , 2002, Trends in biotechnology.

[251]  M. Billeter,et al.  Gudrun Envelope Chimeric Measles Viruses with a Foreign , 1997 .

[252]  L. Fernando,et al.  Effective Post-Exposure Treatment of Ebola Infection , 2007, PLoS pathogens.

[253]  E. Paoletti,et al.  Protection of cats against feline leukemia virus by vaccination with a canarypox virus recombinant, ALVAC-FL , 1993, Journal of virology.

[254]  A. Berns,et al.  Live attenuated pseudorabies virus expressing envelope glycoprotein E1 of hog cholera virus protects swine against both pseudorabies and hog cholera , 1991, Journal of virology.

[255]  L. Stitz,et al.  Prevention of Virus Persistence and Protection against Immunopathology after Borna Disease Virus Infection of the Brain by a Novel Orf Virus Recombinant , 2003, Journal of Virology.

[256]  T. Mebatsion,et al.  Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) Marker Vaccine: an Immunodominant Epitope on the Nucleoprotein Gene of NDV Can Be Deleted or Replaced by a Foreign Epitope , 2002, Journal of Virology.

[257]  M. Whitt,et al.  Recombinant vesicular stomatitis viruses from DNA. , 1995, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[258]  F. Boyce,et al.  Baculovirus-mediated gene transfer into mammalian cells. , 1996, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[259]  P. Masters,et al.  The Molecular Biology of Coronaviruses , 2006, Advances in Virus Research.

[260]  V. Thiel,et al.  Infectious RNA transcribed in vitro from a cDNA copy of the human coronavirus genome cloned in vaccinia virus. , 2001, The Journal of general virology.

[261]  K. Karaca,et al.  Immunogenicity of Fowlpox Virus Expressing the Avian Influenza Virus H5 Gene (TROVAC AIV-H5) in Cats , 2005, Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology.

[262]  Yonghong Wan,et al.  On the role of CD4+ T cells in the CD8+ T-cell response elicited by recombinant adenovirus vaccines. , 2007, Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy.

[263]  L. Enjuanes,et al.  The Nucleoprotein Is Required for Efficient Coronavirus Genome Replication , 2004, Journal of Virology.

[264]  P. Palese RNA virus vectors: where are we and where do we need to go? , 1998, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[265]  G. Blissard,et al.  Display of Heterologous Proteins on gp64null Baculovirus Virions and Enhanced Budding Mediated by a Vesicular Stomatitis Virus G-Stem Construct , 2007, Journal of Virology.

[266]  M. König,et al.  Classical swine fever virus: independent induction of protective immunity by two structural glycoproteins , 1995, Journal of virology.

[267]  T. Barrett,et al.  Recovery and Characterization of a Chimeric Rinderpest Virus with the Glycoproteins of Peste-des-Petits-Ruminants Virus: Homologous F and H Proteins Are Required for Virus Viability , 2000, Journal of Virology.

[268]  C. Leclerc,et al.  Insect baculoviruses strongly potentiate adaptive immune responses by inducing type I IFN , 2007, The Journal of Immunology.

[269]  E. Paoletti,et al.  Recombinant vaccinia virus expression of the bovine leukaemia virus envelope gene and protection of immunized sheep against infection. , 1991, Vaccine.

[270]  K. Chua,et al.  Genome Diversity of Emerging Paramyxoviruses , 2003 .

[271]  D. Tripathy Swinepox Virus as a Vaccine Vector for Swine Pathogens , 1999, Advances in Veterinary Medicine.

[272]  Z. Xing,et al.  Adenoviral vectors for mucosal vaccination against infectious diseases. , 2005, Viral immunology.

[273]  B. Coupar,et al.  Construction of recombinant fowlpox viruses carrying multiple vaccine antigens and immunomodulatory molecules. , 2004, BioTechniques.

[274]  E. Paoletti,et al.  Protective immunity against avian influenza induced by a fowlpox virus recombinant. , 1988, Vaccine.

[275]  P. Desprès,et al.  A single immunization with a minute dose of a lentiviral vector‐based vaccine is highly effective at eliciting protective humoral immunity against West Nile virus , 2006, The journal of gene medicine.

[276]  M Büttner,et al.  Parapoxviruses: from the lesion to the viral genome. , 2002, Journal of veterinary medicine. B, Infectious diseases and veterinary public health.

[277]  Huanchun Chen,et al.  An approach to a FMD vaccine based on genetic engineered attenuated pseudorabies virus: one experiment using VP1 gene alone generates an antibody responds on FMD and pseudorabies in swine. , 2004, Vaccine.

[278]  J. Pacheco,et al.  Rapid protection of cattle from direct challenge with foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) by a single inoculation with an adenovirus-vectored FMDV subunit vaccine. , 2005, Virology.

[279]  B. Li,et al.  Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of recombinant pseudorabies virus expressing the two major membrane-associated proteins of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. , 2007, Vaccine.

[280]  K. Airenne,et al.  Truncated vesicular stomatitis virus G protein improves baculovirus transduction efficiency in vitro and in vivo , 2006, Gene Therapy.

[281]  K. Karaca,et al.  Assessment of the efficacy of a single dose of a recombinant vaccine against West Nile virus in response to natural challenge with West Nile virus-infected mosquitoes in horses. , 2004, American journal of veterinary research.

[282]  A. A. van Dijk,et al.  Immunogenicity of a recombinant lumpy skin disease virus (neethling vaccine strain) expressing the rabies virus glycoprotein in cattle. , 2002, Vaccine.

[283]  J. Calvert,et al.  Fowlpox virus recombinants expressing the envelope glycoprotein of an avian reticuloendotheliosis retrovirus induce neutralizing antibodies and reduce viremia in chickens , 1993, Journal of virology.

[284]  B. Moss,et al.  Vaccinia virus: a selectable eukaryotic cloning and expression vector. , 1982, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[285]  J. Ge,et al.  Baculovirus-Mediated Gene Expression in Chicken Primary Cells , 2006, Avian diseases.

[286]  T. Mikami,et al.  Construction of a recombinant feline herpesvirus type 1 expressing Gag precursor protein of feline immunodeficiency virus , 1998, Archives of Virology.

[287]  J. P. Condreay,et al.  Titration of KATP channel expression in mammalian cells utilizing recombinant baculovirus transduction. , 2002, Receptors & channels.

[288]  K. Tuchiya,et al.  Biological and immunogenic properties of rabies virus glycoprotein expressed by canine herpesvirus vector. , 1998, Vaccine.

[289]  Huijun Lu,et al.  Construction and immunogenicity of a recombinant fowlpox virus containing the capsid and 3C protease coding regions of foot-and-mouth disease virus. , 2006, Journal of virological methods.

[290]  U. Koszinowski,et al.  Cloning of herpesviral genomes as bacterial artificial chromosomes , 2003, Reviews in medical virology.

[291]  O. Weber,et al.  Selective Induction of Apoptosis in Antigen-Presenting Cells in Mice by Parapoxvirus ovis , 2001, Journal of Virology.

[292]  A. Williamson,et al.  Evaluation of lumpy skin disease virus, a capripoxvirus, as a replication-deficient vaccine vector. , 2003, The Journal of general virology.

[293]  R. D. McCoy,et al.  Pulmonary inflammation induced by incomplete or inactivated adenoviral particles. , 1995, Human gene therapy.

[294]  C. Rice,et al.  Noncytopathic Sindbis virus RNA vectors for heterologous gene expression. , 1998, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[295]  M. Aubert,et al.  Field use of a vaccinia-rabies recombinant vaccine for the control of sylvatic rabies in Europe and North America. , 1996, Revue scientifique et technique.

[296]  Y. Takashima,et al.  RECOMBINANT BOVINE HERPESVIRUS-1 EXPRESSING p23 PROTEIN OF CRYPTOSPORIDIUM PARVUM INDUCES NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES IN RABBITS , 2003, The Journal of parasitology.

[297]  C. Dehio,et al.  Generation of recombinant parapoxviruses: non-essential genes suitable for insertion and expression of foreign genes. , 2000, Journal of biotechnology.

[298]  Z. Xiang,et al.  Oral Vaccination of Mice with Adenoviral Vectors Is Not Impaired by Preexisting Immunity to the Vaccine Carrier , 2003, Journal of Virology.

[299]  L. Babiuk,et al.  Vaccination of pigs with a recombinant porcine adenovirus expressing the gD gene from pseudorabies virus. , 2001, Vaccine.

[300]  G. Viljoen,et al.  Veterinary vaccines and their use in developing countries. , 2007, Revue scientifique et technique.

[301]  Y. Nagai,et al.  Creation of an infectious recombinant Sendai virus expressing the firefly luciferase gene from the 3' proximal first locus. , 1997, The Journal of general virology.

[302]  G. Nabel,et al.  Adenovirus vector-based vaccines for human immunodeficiency virus type 1. , 2005, Human gene therapy.

[303]  B. Moss,et al.  Introduction of foreign DNA into the vaccinia virus genome by in vitro ligation: recombination-independent selectable cloning vectors. , 1992, Virology.

[304]  K. Lager,et al.  Vaccination with recombinant vaccinia virus vaccines expressing glycoprotein genes of pseudorabies virus in the presence of maternal immunity. , 1997, Veterinary microbiology.

[305]  W. Chalmers,et al.  Vaccination against feline leukaemia using a new feline herpesvirus type 1 vector. , 1996, Vaccine.

[306]  Huanchun Chen,et al.  A recombinant pseudorabies virus co-expressing capsid proteins precursor P1-2A of FMDV and VP2 protein of porcine parvovirus: a trivalent vaccine candidate , 2007, Biotechnology Letters.

[307]  A. Milon,et al.  Protection against myxomatosis and rabbit viral hemorrhagic disease with recombinant myxoma viruses expressing rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus capsid protein , 1996, Journal of virology.

[308]  A. Mercer,et al.  The immune and inflammatory response to orf virus. , 1997, Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases.

[309]  D. Maione,et al.  In vivo gene transfer in mouse skeletal muscle mediated by baculovirus vectors. , 2001, Human gene therapy.

[310]  E. Buescher,et al.  Immunization with live types 7 and 4 adenovirus vaccines. I. Safety, infectivity, antigenicity, and potency of adenovirus type 7 vaccine in humans. , 1971, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[311]  Xuan Cheng,et al.  PEGylated Adenoviruses for Gene Delivery to the Intestinal Epithelium by the Oral Route , 2003, Pharmaceutical Research.

[312]  T. Barrett,et al.  Long-term protective immunity to rinderpest in cattle following a single vaccination with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the virus haemagglutinin protein. , 2000, The Journal of general virology.

[313]  H. Qiu,et al.  A recombinant pseudorabies virus encoding the HA gene from H3N2 subtype swine influenza virus protects mice from virulent challenge. , 2006, Veterinary immunology and immunopathology.

[314]  J. Oirschot Diva vaccines that reduce virus transmission , 1999 .

[315]  M. Raamsman,et al.  Retargeting of Coronavirus by Substitution of the Spike Glycoprotein Ectodomain: Crossing the Host Cell Species Barrier , 2000, Journal of Virology.

[316]  C. Mebus,et al.  A vaccinia virus double recombinant expressing the F and H genes of rinderpest virus protects cattle against rinderpest and causes no pock lesions. , 1991, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[317]  Huijun Lu,et al.  Immune responses of pigs inoculated with a recombinant fowlpox virus coexpressing GP5/GP3 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and swine IL-18. , 2007, Vaccine.

[318]  J. Ignjatovic,et al.  A recombinant fowl adenovirus expressing the S1 gene of infectious bronchitis virus protects against challenge with infectious bronchitis virus. , 2003, Vaccine.

[319]  S. Isaacs,et al.  B5-deficient vaccinia virus as a vaccine vector for the expression of a foreign antigen in vaccinia immune animals. , 2007, Virology.

[320]  H. Poulet,et al.  Development and registration of recombinant veterinary vaccines. The example of the canarypox vector platform. , 2007, Vaccine.

[321]  C. Olsen,et al.  Immunization with recombinant modified vaccinia Ankara (rMVA) constructs encoding the HA or NP gene protects ponies from equine influenza virus challenge. , 2006, Vaccine.

[322]  D. Driver,et al.  Infection of Human Dendritic Cells by a Sindbis Virus Replicon Vector Is Determined by a Single Amino Acid Substitution in the E2 Glycoprotein , 2000, Journal of Virology.

[323]  L. Duchateau,et al.  Delivery of the Theileria parva p67 antigen to cattle using recombinant vaccinia virus: IL-2 enhances protection. , 1998, Vaccine.

[324]  J. Ramírez,et al.  Attenuated Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara Can Be Used as an Immunizing Agent under Conditions of Preexisting Immunity to the Vector , 2000, Journal of Virology.

[325]  A. L. Hodgson,et al.  Protection of pigs against 'in contact' challenge with classical swine fever following oral or subcutaneous vaccination with a recombinant porcine adenovirus. , 2003, Virus research.

[326]  W. Bancroft,et al.  Immunization with live types 7 and 4 adenovirus vaccines. II. Antibody response and protective effect against acute respiratory disease due to adenovirus type 7. , 1971, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[327]  R. Lamb,et al.  Recovery of infectious SV5 from cloned DNA and expression of a foreign gene. , 1997, Virology.

[328]  H. Otsuka,et al.  Protective immunity of bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) recombinants which express pseudorabies virus (PRV) glycoproteins gB, gC, gD and gE. , 1996, The Journal of veterinary medical science.

[329]  D. Grosenbaugh,et al.  Protection from challenge following administration of a canarypox virus-vectored recombinant feline leukemia virus vaccine in cats previously vaccinated with a killed virus vaccine. , 2006, Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association.

[330]  M. Skinner,et al.  Fowlpox virus as a recombinant vaccine vector for use in mammals and poultry , 2005, Expert review of vaccines.

[331]  H. Otsuka,et al.  Expression of porcine pseudorabies virus genes by a bovine herpesvirus-1 (infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus) vector , 2005, Archives of Virology.

[332]  B. Bauer,et al.  Analysis of genomic rearrangement and subsequent gene deletion of the attenuated Orf virus strain D1701. , 1998, Virus research.

[333]  Y. Matsumoto,et al.  Immunogenic properties of a bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) recombinant expressing major pseudorabies virus (PrV) glycoproteins in combination. , 2000, The Journal of veterinary medical science.

[334]  C. Staib,et al.  Vaccinia vectors as candidate vaccines: the development of modified vaccinia virus Ankara for antigen delivery. , 2003, Current drug targets. Infectious disorders.

[335]  E. Paoletti,et al.  Vaccination against Canine Distemper Virus Infection in Infant Ferrets with and without Maternal Antibody Protection, Using Recombinant Attenuated Poxvirus Vaccines , 2000, Journal of Virology.

[336]  B. Mothé,et al.  Development of a New Vaccine for the Prevention of Lassa Fever , 2005, PLoS medicine.

[337]  Kate E. Jones,et al.  Global trends in emerging infectious diseases , 2008, Nature.