Work domain analysis and sensors II: Pasteurizer II case study

In this paper we use sensor-annotated abstraction hierarchies (Reising & Sanderson, 1996, 2002a, b) to show that unless appropriately instrumented, configural displays designed according to the principles of ecological interface design (EID) might be vulnerable to misinterpretation when sensors become unreliable or are unavailable. Building on foundations established in Reising and Sanderson (2002a) we use a pasteurization process control example to show how sensor-annotated AHs help the analyst determine the impact of different instrumentation engineering policies on a configural display that is part of an ecological interface. Our analyses suggest that configural displays showing higher-order properties of a system are especially vulnerable under some conservative instrumentation configurations. However, sensor-annotated AHs can be used to indicate where corrective instrumentation might be placed. We argue that if EID is to be effectively employed in the design of displays for complex systems, then the information needs of the human operator need to be considered while instrumentation requirements are being formulated. Rasmussen’s abstraction hierarchy}and particularly its extension to the analysis of information captured by sensors and derived from sensors}may therefore be a useful adjunct to up-stream instrumentation design. # 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

[1]  Leo Beltracchi,et al.  Encoding a Model-Based Display with Dynamic Data , 2000 .

[2]  Kim J. Vicente,et al.  Making the abstraction hierarchy concrete , 1994, Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud..

[3]  Lui Sha,et al.  Dynamic control system upgrade using the Simplex architecture , 1998 .

[4]  K. Monta,et al.  HUMAN RELIABILITY IN PROCESS CONTROL DURING MAL-FUNCTIONING – A SURVEY OF THE NUCLEAR INDUSTRY WITH A CASE STUDY OF MAN-MACHINE SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT , 1993 .

[5]  Kim J. Vicente,et al.  A Longitudinal Study of the Effects of Ecological Interface Design on Skill Acquisition , 1996, Hum. Factors.

[6]  Frédéric Kratz,et al.  Detection, isolation, and identification of sensor faults in nuclear power plants , 1996, IEEE Trans. Control. Syst. Technol..

[7]  Penelope M. Sanderson,et al.  Designing Displays Under Ecological Interface Design: Towards Operationalizing Semantic Mapping , 1998 .

[8]  C R Kelley,et al.  Manual and Automatic Control , 1968 .

[9]  J. D. Staffon,et al.  Model-based display system for experimental breeder reactor II , 1988 .

[10]  Kim J. Vicente,et al.  Coping with Human Errors through System Design: Implications for Ecological Interface Design , 1989, Int. J. Man Mach. Stud..

[11]  J. R. Borer.  Microprocessors in Process Control , 1991 .

[12]  Catherine M. Burns,et al.  Modeling a medical environment: an ontology for integrated medical informatics design , 2001, Int. J. Medical Informatics.

[13]  Penelope M. Sanderson,et al.  Testing the Impact of Instrumentation Location and Reliability on Ecological Interface Design: Fault Diagnosis Performance , 2000 .

[14]  Jens Rasmussen,et al.  Skills, rules, and knowledge; signals, signs, and symbols, and other distinctions in human performance models , 1983, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics.

[15]  T. Tamplin.  Milk Pasteurization , 1953, Nature.

[16]  Jens Rasmussen,et al.  The role of hierarchical knowledge representation in decisionmaking and system management , 1985, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics.

[17]  N Moray,et al.  Trust, control strategies and allocation of function in human-machine systems. , 1992, Ergonomics.

[18]  Peter Neumann,et al.  Safeware: System Safety and Computers , 1995, SOEN.

[19]  K. J. Vicente,et al.  Cognitive Work Analysis: Toward Safe, Productive, and Healthy Computer-Based Work , 1999 .

[20]  Penelope M. Sanderson,et al.  Work Domain Analysis of a Pasteurization Plant: Using Abstraction Hierarchies to Analyze Sensor Needs , 1996 .

[21]  John Paulin Hansen,et al.  An Experimental Investigation of Configural, Digital, and Temporal Information on Process Displays , 1995, Hum. Factors.

[22]  W. J. Harper,et al.  Dairy technology and engineering , 1976 .

[23]  Penelope M. Sanderson,et al.  Work domain analysis and sensors I: principles and simple example , 2002, Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud..

[24]  Fran Jovic.  Process Control Systems: Principles of Design, Operation and Interfacing , 1991 .

[25]  J M Flach,et al.  The complex role of perceptual organization in visual display design theory. , 1992, Ergonomics.

[26]  Arthur J. Helmicki,et al.  The Application of the Ecological Interface Design Approach to Neonatal Intensive Care Medicine , 1998 .

[27]  S. C. Lee,et al.  Sensor value validation based on systematic exploration of the sensor redundancy for fault diagnosis KBS , 1994, IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern..

[28]  Jens Rasmussen,et al.  Outlines of a Hybrid Model of the Process Plant Operator , 1976 .

[29]  Wan Chul Yoon,et al.  Design of Information Content and Layout for Process Control Based on Goal–Means Domain Analysis , 2001, Cognition, Technology & Work.

[30]  Penelope M. Sanderson,et al.  Testing the Impact of Instrumentation Location and Reliability on Ecological Interface Design: Control Performance , 2000 .

[31]  Penelope M. Sanderson,et al.  Supporting cognitive work analysis with the Work Domain Analysis Workbench (WDAW) , 1998, Proceedings 1998 Australasian Computer Human Interaction Conference. OzCHI'98 (Cat. No.98EX234).

[32]  Kim J. Vicente,et al.  Ecological Interface Design: Progress and Challenges , 2002, Hum. Factors.

[33]  Wan Chul Yoon,et al.  The effects of presenting functionally abstracted information in fault diagnosis tasks , 2001, Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf..

[34]  A. Shepherd,et al.  Guide to Task Analysis , 2003 .

[35]  Penelope M. Sanderson,et al.  Work Domain Analysis Workbench: Supporting Cognitive Work Analysis as a Systematic Practice , 1999 .

[36]  Kim J. Vicente,et al.  Ecological interface design: theoretical foundations , 1992, IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern..

[37]  Jens Rasmussen.  Ecological Interface Design for Reliable Human-Machine Systems , 1999 .

[38]  Catherine M. Burns,et al.  Navigation strategies with ecological displays , 2000, Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud..

[39]  Morten Lind,et al.  The use of Flow Models for Automated Plant Diagnosis , 1981 .

[40]  T. Tamura,et al.  Temperature measurement , 2004, 2004 2nd IEEE/EMBS International Summer School on Medical Devices and Biosensors.

[41]  K. J. Vicente,et al.  The Ecology of Human-Machine Systems II: Mediating 'Direct Perception' in Complex Work Domains , 1990 .

[42]  John D. Lee,et al.  Trust, self-confidence, and operators' adaptation to automation , 1994, Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud..

[43]  Kazuo Furuta,et al.  Display Design of Process Systems Based on Functional Modelling , 2002, Cognition, Technology & Work.

[44]  Penelope M. Sanderson,et al.  Ecological Interface Design for Pasteurizer II: A Process Description of Semantic Mapping , 2002, Hum. Factors.

[45]  Jens Rasmussen,et al.  Cognitive Systems Engineering , 2022 .

[46]  Lui Sha,et al.  Evolving dependable real-time systems , 1996, 1996 IEEE Aerospace Applications Conference. Proceedings.

[47]  J. Rassmusen,et al.  Information Processing and Human - Machine Interaction: An Approach to Cognitive Engineering , 1986 .

[48]  Dal Vernon C. Reising.  The Impact of Instrumentation Location and Reliability on the Performance of Operators Using an Ecological Interface for Process Control , 1999 .

[49]  Kim J. Vicente,et al.  Ecological interface design for a power plant feedwater subsystem , 1996 .

[50]  John M. O'Hara,et al.  Human Factors Challenges for Advanced Process Control* , 1996 .

[51]  Frank W. Schmidt.  Introduction to thermal sciences : thermodynamics, fluid dynamics, heat transfer / Frank W. Scmidt, Robert E. Henderson, Carl H. Wolgemuth , 1984 .