Epidermal Hydration Is Improved by Enhanced Ceramide Metabolism in Aged C57BL/6J Mice After Dietary Supplementation of Royal Jelly.

Epidermal hydration is maintained by the epidermal lipid barrier, of which ceramide (Cer) is the major constituent. We examined the dietary effect of royal jelly (RJ) on epidermal hydration in aged mice. Altered Cer metabolism was further determined by measuring epidermal levels of individual Cer, glucosylceramide (GC), and sphingomyelin (SM) species, and of Cer-metabolizing enzymes. Aged C57BL/6J mice were fed a control diet (group AGED) or diets with 1% RJ harvested from two different areas (groups AGED+RJ1:AGED + RJ2) for 16 weeks. Aged C57BL/6J mice with no dietary intervention (the control group: group C) represented the onset of aging. In group AGED, epidermal levels of hydration, Cer1/2/5/6/7, GC-A/B/C/D, SM1/2/3, and β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase) protein, an enzyme of GC hydrolysis for Cer generation, were lower than in group C; these levels, as well as those of Cer3/4 and acidic sphingomyelinase (aSMase) protein, an enzyme of SM hydrolysis for Cer generation, were higher in group AGED + RJ1 than in group AGED. Despite increases in GC-B, SM1/2/3, and serine palmitoyltransferase2 protein, an enzyme of de novo Cer synthesis, in group AGED + RJ2 to levels higher than in group AGED, epidermal levels of hydration, Cer1-7, GC-A/C/D, GCase, and aSMase proteins were similar in these two groups. Expression of GCase and aSMase mRNAs, and of Cer synthase3 and ceramidase proteins, enzymes of de novo Cer synthesis and degradation, did not differ among groups. Dietary RJ1 improved epidermal hydration by enhancing Cer metabolism with increased levels of all Cer, GC, and SM species, and of GCase and aSMase proteins.

[1]  R. Nagatomi,et al.  Royal jelly prevents the progression of sarcopenia in aged mice in vivo and in vitro. , 2013, The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences.

[2]  D. Ford.  Honeybees and cell lines as models of DNA methylation and aging in response to diet , 2013, Experimental Gerontology.

[3]  Y. Lee,et al.  Dietary effect of royal jelly supplementation on epidermal levels of hydration, filaggrins, free amino acids and the related enzyme expression in UV irradiated hairless mice , 2013 .

[4]  Yunhi Cho,et al.  Dietary sericin enhances epidermal levels of glucosylceramides and ceramides with up-regulating protein expressions of glucosylceramide synthase, β-glucocerebrosidase and acidic sphingomyelinase in NC/Nga mice. , 2012, Nutrition research.

[5]  Ji-Ho Park,et al.  Dietary silk protein, sericin, improves epidermal hydration with increased levels of filaggrins and free amino acids in NC/Nga mice. , 2012, The British journal of nutrition.

[6]  Tadao Saito,et al.  Orally administered sphingomyelin in bovine milk is incorporated into skin sphingolipids and is involved in the water-holding capacity of hairless mice. , 2012, Journal of dermatological science.

[7]  H. Park,et al.  Royal jelly increases collagen production in rat skin after ovariectomy. , 2012, Journal of medicinal food.

[8]  P. Mukherjee,et al.  Bioactive compounds from natural resources against skin aging. , 2011, Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology.

[9]  O. Damour,et al.  Effects of Hydroxydecine(®) (10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid) on skin barrier structure and function in vitro and clinical efficacy in the treatment of UV-induced xerosis. , 2011, European journal of dermatology : EJD.

[10]  H. Park,et al.  Royal jelly protects against ultraviolet B-induced photoaging in human skin fibroblasts via enhancing collagen production. , 2011, Journal of medicinal food.

[11]  S. Jeong,et al.  Altered epidermal lipid layers induced by long‐term exposure to suberythemal‐dose ultraviolet , 2011, International journal of dermatology.

[12]  K. Boini,et al.  Role of Sphingolipid Mediator Ceramide in Obesity and Renal Injury in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet , 2010, Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.

[13]  K. Doi,et al.  Morphological and Biochemical Changes During Aging and Photoaging of the Skin of C57BL/6J Mice , 2010, Journal of toxicologic pathology.

[14]  J. Klaudiny,et al.  Effect of honey and its major royal jelly protein 1 on cytokine and MMP‐9 mRNA transcripts in human keratinocytes , 2009, Experimental dermatology.

[15]  I. Oh,et al.  Stimulatory effect of dietary red ginseng on epidermal hydration and ceramide levels in ultraviolet-irradiated hairless mice. , 2009, Journal of medicinal food.

[16]  Taro Uchiyama,et al.  Oral Intake of Glucosylceramide Improves Relatively Higher Level of Transepidermal Water Loss in Mice and Healthy Human Subjects , 2008 .

[17]  Y. Helfrich,et al.  Overview of skin aging and photoaging. , 2008, Dermatology nursing.

[18]  P. Elias,et al.  Stratum corneum acidification is impaired in moderately aged human and murine skin. , 2007, The Journal of investigative dermatology.

[19]  D. Harrison,et al.  Mouse models in aging research. , 2007 .

[20]  W. Holleran,et al.  Epidermal sphingolipids: Metabolism, function, and roles in skin disorders , 2006, FEBS letters.

[21]  A. Kihara,et al.  LASS3 (longevity assurance homologue 3) is a mainly testis-specific (dihydro)ceramide synthase with relatively broad substrate specificity. , 2006, The Biochemical journal.

[22]  H. Nakagawa,et al.  An accumulation of glucosylceramide in the stratum corneum due to attenuated activity of beta-glucocerebrosidase is associated with the early phase of UVB-induced alteration in cutaneous barrier function , 2005, Archives of Dermatological Research.

[23]  S. Seité,et al.  Acid and neutral sphingomyelinase, ceramide synthase, and acid ceramidase activities in cutaneous aging , 2005, Experimental dermatology.

[24]  R. Fölster-Holst,et al.  Impaired sphingomyelinase activity and epidermal differentiation in atopic dermatitis. , 2004, The Journal of investigative dermatology.

[25]  T. Nagai,et al.  PREPARATION AND THE FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF WATER EXTRACT AND ALKALINE EXTRACT OF ROYAL JELLY , 2004 .

[26]  A. Rawlings,et al.  Moisturization and skin barrier function , 2004, Dermatologic therapy.

[27]  P. Wertz,et al.  New acylceramide in native and reconstructed epidermis. , 2003, The Journal of investigative dermatology.

[28]  Y. Kimura,et al.  350-kDa Royal Jelly Glycoprotein (Apisin), Which Stimulates Proliferation of Human Monocytes, Bears the β1-3Galactosylated N-Glycan: Analysis of the N-Glycosylation Site , 2003, Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry.

[29]  J. Ring,et al.  Permeability barrier disruption increases the level of serine palmitoyltransferase in human epidermis. , 2002, The Journal of investigative dermatology.

[30]  F. Otsuka,et al.  Human epidermal glucosylceramides are major precursors of stratum corneum ceramides. , 2002, The Journal of investigative dermatology.

[31]  H. Suto,et al.  Impairment of skin barrier function in NC/Nga Tnd mice as a possible model for atopic dermatitis , 2001, The British journal of dermatology.

[32]  P. Elias,et al.  Epidermal sphingomyelins are precursors for selected stratum corneum ceramides. , 2000, Journal of lipid research.

[33]  M. Krönke,et al.  Roles for tumor necrosis factor receptor p55 and sphingomyelinase in repairing the cutaneous permeability barrier. , 1999, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[34]  P. Elias,et al.  UVB irradiation up-regulates serine palmitoyltransferase in cultured human keratinocytes. , 1998, Journal of lipid research.

[35]  P. Elias,et al.  Structural and biochemical basis for the UVB‐induced alterations in epidermal barrier function , 1997, Photodermatology, photoimmunology & photomedicine.

[36]  O. Shechtman,et al.  The effect of exercise training on cold tolerance in adult and old C57BL/6J mice. , 1996, The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences.

[37]  P. Elias,et al.  The aged epidermal permeability barrier. Structural, functional, and lipid biochemical abnormalities in humans and a senescent murine model. , 1995, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[38]  G. Imokawa,et al.  Analysis of beta-glucocerebrosidase and ceramidase activities in atopic and aged dry skin. , 1994, Acta dermato-venereologica.

[39]  P. Elias,et al.  Structural and lipid biochemical correlates of the epidermal permeability barrier. , 1991, Advances in lipid research.

[40]  K. Kobayashi,et al.  A potent antibacterial protein in royal jelly. Purification and determination of the primary structure of royalisin. , 1990, The Journal of biological chemistry.