Enhancing Academic Performance in a Classroom Serving Students With Serious Emotional Disturbance: Interdependent Group Contingencies With Randomly Selected Components

Abstract A modified multiple baseline across behaviors design was used to evaluate the effects of an interdependent group contingency program with randomly selected contingency components on the academic performance of an intact middle-school class serving five male students with serious emotional disturbance (SED). During the initial intervention phase, students had to meet a randomly selected criterion (e.g., 80% or 90% class average) on daily spelling assignments to earn a randomly selected group reward. Mathematics and then English daily assignment performance were added to the program in subsequent phases, and target assignments (i.e., either spelling, mathematics, or English) and criterion were randomly selected. Results show educationally valid increases in academic performance as target assignments were added to the program.

[1]  L. A. Hayes The use of group contingencies for behavioral control: a review. , 1976, Psychological bulletin.

[2]  B. Sulzer-Azaroff,et al.  Achieving Educational Excellence: Using Behavioral Strategies , 1985 .

[3]  D. Barlow,et al.  Single Case Experimental Designs: Strategies for Studying Behavior Change , 1976 .

[4]  Angela M. Waguespack,et al.  MYSTERY MOTIVATOR: AN EFFECTIVE AND TIME EFFICIENT INTERVENTION , 1994 .

[5]  D M Baer,et al.  An implicit technology of generalization. , 1977, Journal of applied behavior analysis.

[6]  M. Speltz,et al.  Procedural variations in group contingencies: effects on children's academic and social behaviors. , 1982, Journal of applied behavior analysis.

[7]  F C Mace,et al.  A collateral effect of reward predicted by matching theory. , 1990, Journal of applied behavior analysis.

[8]  R. Slavin Cooperative Learning , 1980 .

[9]  Interpreting the conflicting results of individual versus group contingencies in classrooms: The targeted behavior as a mediating variable. , 1986 .

[10]  W. Jenson,et al.  Randomization of Group Contingencies and Reinforcers to Reduce Classroom Disruptive Behavior , 2001 .

[11]  G. Noell,et al.  Programming for Maintenance: An Investigation of Delayed Intermittent Reinforcement and Common Stimuli to Create Indiscriminable Contingencies , 2002 .

[12]  R. Goldberg,et al.  In Vivo Rating of Treatment Acceptability by Children: Group Size Effects in Group Contingencies to Improve Spelling Performance. , 1990 .

[13]  F. Gresham,et al.  Interdependent, Dependent, and Independent Group Contingencies for Controlling Disruptive Behavior , 1982 .

[14]  C. Skinner,et al.  Using Interdependent Contingencies with Groups of Students: Why the Principal Kissed a Pig , 1999 .

[15]  D. Pumroy,et al.  A brief review of classroom group-oriented contingencies. , 1975, Journal of applied behavior analysis.

[16]  F. Gresham,et al.  Interventions for Children With or At-Risk for Emotional and Behavioral Disorders , 2001 .

[17]  Robert B. Rutherford,et al.  Media Review: The Tough Kid Book: Practical Classroom Management Strategies , 1993 .

[18]  Merrily S. Dunn,et al.  Independent and Interdependent Group Contingencies: Smoothing the Rough Waters , 1996 .

[19]  S. Elliott,et al.  Acceptability and Effectiveness of Group Contingencies for Improving Spelling Achievement. , 1990 .

[20]  Merrily S. Dunn,et al.  Group Reward Programs: A Humanistic Approach , 1998 .

[21]  Sulzbacher Si,et al.  A tactic to eliminate disruptive behaviors in the classroom: group contingent consequences. , 1968 .

[22]  R. Douglas Greer,et al.  Is the three-term contingency trial a predictor of effective instruction? , 1991 .

[23]  S. Sulzbacher,et al.  A tactic to eliminate disruptive behaviors in the classroom: group contingent consequences. , 1968, American journal of mental deficiency.

[24]  V. P. Thompson,et al.  A Personal View of Curriculum-Based Assessment , 1985, Exceptional children.

[25]  S Hale,et al.  Practical implications of the matching law. , 1984, Journal of applied behavior analysis.

[26]  S. Stage,et al.  A Meta-Analysis of Interventions To Decrease Disruptive Classroom Behavior in Public Education Settings. , 1997 .

[27]  M. E. Boyle Single Case Experimental Designs: Strategies for Studying Behavior Change , 1983 .

[28]  G. Noell,et al.  Maintaining Accurate Math Responses in Elementary School Students: The Effects of Delayed Intermittent Reinforcement and Programming Common Stimuli. , 1999 .

[29]  C. Skinner,et al.  Randomized interdependent group contingencies: Group reinforcement with a twist , 2000 .

[30]  D. Bushell,et al.  Applying "group" contingencies to the classroom study behavior of preschool children. , 1968, Journal of applied behavior analysis.

[31]  Robert E. Slavin,et al.  Cooperative learning and group contingencies , 1991 .