A Survey of Wireless Security in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks: Challenges and Available Solutions

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a self-configurable, self-organizing, infrastructureless multi-hop wireless network. By self-configurable and self-organizing, we mean that an ad hoc network can be formed, merged together or partitioned into separated networks on the fly depending on the networking needs, and few administrative actions need to be performed for network setup and maintenance. By infrastructureless, we mean that an ad hoc network can be promptly deployed without relying on any existing infrastructure such as base stations for wireless cellular networks. By multi-hop wireless, we mean that in an ad hoc network the routes between end users may consist of multi-hop wireless links, as compared to the single wireless hop in a wireless LAN or a cellular network, where only the last hop, e.g. from the end user to the access point or the base station, is wireless, all the links beyond that point remain wired. In addition, each node in a mobile ad hoc network is capable of moving independently and forwarding packets to other nodes. The rapidly deployable and self-organizing features make mobile ad hoc networking very attractive in military applications, where fixed infrastructures are not available or reliable, and fast network establishment and self-reconfiguration are necessary. Primary applications of mobile ad hoc networks include the tactical communications in battlefields and disaster rescue after an earthquake, for example, where the environments are hostile and the operations are security-sensitive, yet fast and reliable deployments are a must. Recently, due to the availability of wireless communication devices that operate in the ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) bands and other unlicensed band, the interest in mobile ad hoc networks has been extended to civilian life such as on-the-fly setup for conferencing and home-area wireless networking.

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