Color asymmetry in 3D imaging: Influence on the viewing experience

AbstractBecause the chain of events in 3D imaging is vulnerable to different context- and technology-specific variables, it is important to understand the extent to which users can accept feature-specific differences between scenes without a decrease in the (observed) image quality. Twenty participants were asked to view natural stereoscopic still images and evaluate how different combinations of color asymmetries affect the overall viewing experience, the naturalness of the image and the depth perception. As expected, an increase in color asymmetry between the viewer's left-eye and right-eye images decreased the image quality evaluation scores. Certain color-channel-specific changes, such as a decrease in blue values, were more acceptable than others, and some content-specific features, such as a brownish or greenish background, were less sensitive to changes compared to close-up images with brighter objects and backgrounds.

[1]  Marc Ebner,et al.  Color Constancy , 2007, Computer Vision, A Reference Guide.

[2]  H.E.M. den Ouden,et al.  Colour helps to solve the binocular matching problem. , 2005 .

[3]  Sn Yendrikhovskij,et al.  Color reproduction and the naturalness constraint , 1999 .

[4]  Wencheng Wu,et al.  The CIEDE2000 color-difference formula: Implementation notes, supplementary test data, and mathematical observations , 2005 .

[5]  Youngbae Hwang,et al.  Color correction without color patterns for stereoscopic camera systems , 2011, 2011 11th International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems.

[6]  F. Kingdom,et al.  Interactions between chromatic- and luminance-contrast-sensitive stereopsis mechanisms , 2002, Vision Research.

[7]  R. W. Pridmore Complementary colors theory of color vision: physiology, color mixture, color constancy and color perception , 2011 .

[8]  Huib de Ridder,et al.  Naturalness and image quality: chroma and hue variation in color images of natural scenes , 1995, Electronic Imaging.

[9]  Toni Järvenpää,et al.  Optical characterization and ergonomical factors of near‐to‐eye displays , 2010 .

[10]  Wa Wijnand IJsselsteijn,et al.  Capturing the added value of three-dimensional television : viewing experience and naturalness of stereoscopic images , 2008 .

[11]  Steven K Shevell,et al.  Stereo disparity improves color constancy , 2002, Vision Research.

[12]  M. Luo,et al.  The development of the CIE 2000 Colour Difference Formula , 2001 .

[13]  de H Huib Ridder Naturalness and image quality : saturation and lightness variation in color images of natural scenes , 1996 .

[14]  Birgitta Dresp,et al.  Interaction of color and geometric cues in depth perception: When does “red” mean “near”? , 2004, Psychological research.

[15]  E. Land Recent advances in retinex theory , 1986, Vision Research.

[16]  Peter Zsolt Bodrogi,et al.  Colour memory for various sky, skin, and plant colours: Effect of the image context , 2001 .

[17]  D. Alais Binocular rivalry: competition and inhibition in visual perception. , 2012, Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Cognitive science.

[18]  Gaurav Sharma,et al.  Digital color imaging , 1997, IEEE Trans. Image Process..

[19]  P. Siple,et al.  Memory and preference for the colors of objects , 1983, Perception & psychophysics.

[20]  K. Petersson,et al.  The role of color information on object recognition: a review and meta-analysis. , 2011, Acta psychologica.

[21]  Michael S. Landy,et al.  A Statistical Framework for Robust Fusion of Depth Information , 1989, Other Conferences.

[22]  Wijnand A. IJsselsteijn,et al.  Perceptual attributes of crosstalk in 3D images , 2005, Displays.

[23]  Alain Trémeau,et al.  Color in Image and Video Processing: Most Recent Trends and Future Research Directions , 2008, EURASIP J. Image Video Process..

[24]  Theo Gevers,et al.  Color Constancy Using Natural Image Statistics and Scene Semantics , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[25]  Fjj Frans Blommaert,et al.  Representation of memory prototype for an object color , 1999 .

[26]  Charles A. Bouman,et al.  Hierarchical Color Correction for Camera Cell Phone Images , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing.

[27]  J. J. Saladin,et al.  Stereopsis From a Performance Perspective , 2005, Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry.

[28]  Lawrence E. Arend,et al.  Environmental challenges to color constancy , 2001, IS&T/SPIE Electronic Imaging.

[29]  Jukka Häkkinen,et al.  Effect of ambient illumination level on perceived autostereoscopic display quality and depth perception , 2011, Displays.

[30]  Wijnand A. IJsselsteijn,et al.  Evaluation of Stereoscopic Images: Beyond 2D Quality , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting.

[31]  Greg Welch,et al.  Ensuring color consistency across multiple cameras , 2005, Tenth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV'05) Volume 1.

[32]  Robert L. Donofrio Review Paper: The Helmholtz-Kohlrausch effect , 2011 .

[33]  Ralph W. Pridmore,et al.  Effects of luminance, wavelength and purity on the color attributes: Brief review with new data and perspectives , 2007 .

[34]  M. Landy,et al.  Measurement and modeling of depth cue combination: in defense of weak fusion , 1995, Vision Research.

[35]  Peter G. Engeldrum,et al.  A Theory of Image Quality: The Image Quality Circle , 2004, Journal of Imaging Science and Technology.

[36]  Herschel C. Self,et al.  Optical Tolerances for Alignment and Image Differences for Binocular Helmet-Mounted Displays , 1986 .

[37]  Tolga K. Çapin,et al.  A perceptual approach for stereoscopic rendering optimization , 2010, Comput. Graph..

[38]  Laurence T. Maloney,et al.  Illuminant cues in surface color perception: tests of three candidate cues , 2001, Vision Research.

[39]  Bernard Péroche,et al.  Towards perceptual control of physically based spectral rendering , 2003, Comput. Graph..

[40]  Ian P. Howard,et al.  Binocular Vision and Stereopsis , 1996 .

[41]  A. Bovik,et al.  Computational stereo vision using color , 1988, IEEE Control Systems Magazine.

[42]  Robert S. Allison,et al.  The Effect of Crosstalk on the Perceived Depth From Disparity and Monocular Occlusions , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting.

[43]  H Spekreijse,et al.  The cone/horizontal cell network: A possible site for color constancy , 1998, Visual Neuroscience.

[44]  Alexander Toet,et al.  Visual comfort of binocular and 3D displays , 2004 .

[45]  Miska M. Hannuksela,et al.  Joint adaptation of spatial resolution and sample value quantization for asymmetric stereoscopic video compression: A subjective study , 2011, 2011 7th International Symposium on Image and Signal Processing and Analysis (ISPA).

[46]  I. Spence,et al.  How Color Enhances Visual Memory for Natural Scenes , 2006, Psychological science.

[47]  Guan Shing-Sheng,et al.  Influences of psychological factors on image color preferences evaluation , 2010 .

[48]  M.C. Stone,et al.  Representing colors as three numbers [color graphics] , 2005, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications.

[49]  Jan Kautz,et al.  Modeling Human Color Perception under Extended Luminance Levels Supplemental Material B , 2009, SIGGRAPH 2009.

[50]  Yeong-Ho Ha,et al.  Skin tone reproduction based on multiple preferred skin colors , 2011, 2011 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics -Berlin (ICCE-Berlin).

[51]  Wijnand A. IJsselsteijn,et al.  Influence of chroma variations on naturalness and image quality of stereoscopic images , 2009, Electronic Imaging.

[52]  David A. Forsyth,et al.  A novel algorithm for color constancy , 1990, International Journal of Computer Vision.

[53]  P. Graf,et al.  Object color affects identification and repetition priming. , 2006, Scandinavian journal of psychology.

[54]  John L. Barbur,et al.  Colour constancy and conscious perception of changes of illuminant , 2008, Neuropsychologia.

[55]  Peter G. Engeldrum,et al.  A Short Image Quality Model Taxonomy , 2004, Journal of Imaging Science and Technology.