Abstract Pooled semen from turkey males was kept at 27°C. in a vacuum flask, was used within one hour, and was introduced in 0.05 ml. dosages into paired groups of hens by the intravaginal and intramagnal route, respectively. These procedures, with fresh pooled semen in each trial, were repeated in two paired groups—for a total of 47–51 hens—over two 8-week experimental periods. All hens artificially inseminated intramagnally by surgical technique had hard-shelled eggs in their uteri. All hens inseminated intravaginally had just oviposited or were in the missed day of their clutch as determined by cloacal palpation. In every instance comparisons of fertility over 4-week intervals following insemination between surgical (intramagnal A.I.) and control (intravaginal A.I.) groups indicated that the former hens were distinctly inferior for this reproductive trait. Significant differences between the two groups existed in terms of duration of fertility in days as shown in the following comparisons, where the surgical group values are expressed first: 21.3 vs. 33.6 (early in the season); and 13.4 vs. 20.8 days (late in the season). Comparisons in other reproductive traits such as percent egg production, early embryonic mortality and hatchability between the two groups were less informative. These findings indicated that the uterovaginal glands (at the bottom) rather than the infundibular glands (at the upper) in the turkey oviduct are superior storage sites for spermatozoa, and it is essential that they be filled in order to maintain optimal levels of fertility in this species.